Business
73rd Central Bank Annual Report gets ‘pretty honest’ about Sri Lanka’s economy
Says national policy package should be guarded from influences of changing political regimes
Urges for actions to ensure the country will not suffer from a repeated debt rework episode
Once debt restructuring negotiated, SL to resume debt servicing on a smaller scale
The seventy third Annual Report of the Monetary Board of the Central Bank of Sri Lanka released on 27 April 2023, offers candid and rare insights on the status of the country’s economy. It also professionally suggests the way forward for Sri Lankan authorities to tackle the country’s legacy issues, economic complexity and the debt restructuring process among other things, while pursuing the macro-fiscal adjustment programme under the IMF-EFF arrangement.
“The implementation of structural reforms focusing not only on restoring near term stability but also on rebuilding the nation with adequate safeguards and resilience in the post-debt restructuring and post-IMF bailout era is vitally important for permanent revival from the current economic crisis,” Central Bank’s Annual Report said.
“The persistent twin deficits experienced by Sri Lanka highlights the importance of addressing the BOP issues on a sustainable basis through a comprehensive national policy package formed in consultation with the relevant stakeholders and guarded from influences of changing political regimes. Further, non-debt creating foreign exchange generating sources need to be explored and encouraged, while reducing the need for financing of the current account deficit out of commercial external debt,” it said.
The Report pointed out that according to international experiences, the level of commitment by authorities towards the success of a reform programme is a key determinant of the outcome of debt restructuring and subsequent recovery of the economy.
“Moreover, the ongoing efforts to resolve the economic issues, including the debt restructuring process, and the macro-fiscal adjustment programme under the IMF-EFF arrangement are necessary conditions for the way forward, though these alone would not guarantee a permanent solution to the country’s deep rooted structural weaknesses and macroeconomic complications unless the financing mix of government budget deficits and external current account deficits is augmented with non-debt creating financing in the period ahead,” it emphasized.
Referring to Post-Debt Restructuring Policy Priorities for Strengthening External Sector Balance, the report pointed out:
“Sri Lanka has been experiencing persistent external current account deficits mainly driven by large deficits in the merchandise trade account and primary income account over the years. Although the trade in services account and secondary income account (mainly workers’ remittances) recorded surpluses, these surpluses have not been adequate to cushion the impact of ever widening deficits in the merchandise trade and primary income accounts in the current account.”
“Once debt restructuring perimeters are negotiated and agreed upon with Sri Lanka’s official and private creditors, the country will resume debt servicing, but on a smaller scale, with extended maturities. This first ever debt restructuring effort would offer a once in a lifetime opportunity for the country to correct past mistakes and decisively plan future actions to ensure that the country will not suffer from a repeated debt restructuring episode, as experienced by some countries.”
“This stresses the fact that not only the debt restructuring process, but also the way forward in the post restructuring economy should be well planned and executed to strengthen the country’s fiscal and external positions and build resilience in the period ahead. From the 1950s to 2010 there were more than 600 incidents of sovereign debt restructuring globally involving 95 countries (Das, Papaioannou, and Trebesch, 2012). Generally, it is expected that following successful debt restructuring, a country would manage the debt sustainably going forward and recover gradually.”
“However, out of those, not all countries were able to sustainably manage their debt after a successful debt restructuring process and those who failed experienced further defaults subsequently. There are several reasons why some countries fail to reach their potential level of economic growth and ensure external sector stability through debt restructuring, as described below:
1. Unfavourable economic conditions: The external environment and broader economic conditions of the country during the rebuilding phase are instrumental in determining the outcome of debt restructuring. For example, if the global economy is slowing down or if major trading partners are experiencing an economic contraction during the post debt restructuring phase, the country may struggle to achieve its potential level of growth and Balance of Payments (BOP) sustainability.
There are early signs that global economic stresses could heighten in 2023 amidst tight monetary and financial market conditions, making the post-debt restructuring recovery of Sri Lanka challenging.
2. Implementation challenges: Given the diversity of external lenders and their interests as well as geopolitical concerns, the negotiation and implementation phases of debt restructuring could be complex. This could make reaching agreements with creditors challenging, thereby raising the riskof delays due to lengthy negotiations. A protracted restructuring process could further erode investor confidence and be a major predicament for regaining stability of the external sector.
3. Insufficient policy measures: Recovery in the economy following debt restructuring involves adopting a policy combination that drives the economy towards a sustainable growth path in the short and medium term with emphasis on macro-fiscal reforms and required adjustments. However, if the policy responses are not planned out effectively or lack coordination in implementation, the desired outcome may not be achieved. Considering the legacy issues faced by the external sector of Sri Lanka, the reforms package needs to be sufficiently robust.
4. Political instability: The recovery in the economy following a debt restructuring process essentially depends on the success of the implementation of the reform package agreed upon with creditors and adherence to targets set out therein. As the major economic reforms lack popularity, governments come under severe pressure to implement such reforms and would possibly give into lobbying from the constituency.
Political stability would help rebuild confidence in the economy among the stakeholders, including investors, multilateral and bilateral lenders, and creditors. Further, political instability may lead to policy inconsistency, which could be a major setback to implementing sustainable macroeconomic adjustments. Thus, post restructuring economic revival and resilience would be conditional on the continuation of the political resolve as well as public support for reforms.
5. Weak institutions: Weak institutions that lead to deterioration of the rule of law, lack of transparency and accountability, and increased corruption could create an environment that is unfavourable to economic growth, while limiting the effectiveness of policy measures and eroding investor confidence.
Against this backdrop, it will be pertinent to form a vigorous policy framework that aims at restoring stability in the external sector, while creating a conducive environment for the economic activities to thrive, the report said.
Business
Sri Lanka Brand Forum aims to reshape business for a ‘BANI world’
A newly launched initiative, the Sri Lanka Brand Forum (SLBF), seeks to redefine the role of business in national development, urging companies to move beyond profit and become “institutions of trust, clarity, and progress.”
At a recent press conference in Colombo, founders announced the forum as a response to what they described as a BANI world – an acronym for Brittle, Anxious, Nonlinear, and Incomprehensible – where uncertainty has become the norm.
Central to the forum’s launch is its flagship event, the Leadership Summit, themed ‘Resilience Redefined: Leadership for a New Era.’
The upcoming Summit will gather business leaders, policymakers, and innovators to explore how leadership must evolve amid rapid disruption and global uncertainty. It will feature global experts including David Aaker (UC Berkeley), Sanjiv Mehta (former Unilever South Asia chairman), and Prof. Kulvant Singh (NUS Business School).
Rohan Somawansa, Co-Founder of Sri Lanka Brand Forum said, “Today’s launch of Sri Lanka Brand Forum marks a defining moment for our nation. Sri Lanka’s potential has always been undeniable. What we need now is to harness that potential with strategic intent, meaningful leadership, and collective action. The Brand Forum will be a catalyst for that change.”
“Sri Lanka Brand Forum is not just an initiative – it is a movement to reimagine the future of business and the future of Sri Lanka,” said Chairman Shariful Islam.
When The Island Financial Review asked why no Sri Lankan business leaders were featured even as guest speakers despite the summit’s inclusive vision, Islam confirmed that several Sri Lankan business leaders will indeed be speaking at the event.
By Sanath Nanayakkare
Business
SLS rule on plastic bottles takes effect amid health concerns
A sweeping regulatory move to safeguard public health came into force April 1, banning the manufacture and sale of baby feeding bottles and reusable plastic bottles containing harmful chemicals such as Bisphenol A (BPA), while making Sri Lanka Standards (SLS) certification mandatory across the sector.
The new regulation, issued by the Consumer Affairs Authority under Extraordinary Gazette No. 2456/42 dated October 1, 2025, requires all manufacturers, importers, distributors and traders to comply with strict safety standards or face a complete prohibition on their products.
Under the directive, no plastic bottle falling within the specified categories can be manufactured, imported, transported, stored or sold unless it carries the official SLS certification mark issued by the Sri Lanka Standards Institution.
The regulation covers two key product categories: reusable plastic bottles used for carrying potable liquids, governed by SLS 1616, and polymer-based feeding bottles, regulated under SLS 1306.
Environmental Scientist Hemantha Withanage welcomed the move, describing it as “long overdue and critically important” in addressing the silent health risks posed by chemical leaching from low-quality plastics.
“Bisphenol A is a known endocrine disruptor. Its presence in food and beverage containers, especially those used by infants, is extremely dangerous. This regulation is not just about standards — it is about protecting future generations,” Withanage told The Island Financial Review.
He stressed that substandard plastic products have long flooded the local market due to weak enforcement and lack of consumer awareness.
“For years, Sri Lanka has been a dumping ground for inferior plastic products. Without strict compliance mechanisms, regulations remain on paper. What is important now is rigorous enforcement and continuous market surveillance,” he said.
Withanage also pointed out the broader environmental dimension, noting that improved standards could indirectly reduce plastic pollution by encouraging higher-quality, longer-lasting products.
“Better standards mean fewer disposable plastics and less environmental damage. This is an opportunity to shift towards safer and more sustainable consumption patterns,” he added.
Industry stakeholders, however, are expected to face short-term adjustment pressures, particularly smaller importers and retailers who may struggle to meet certification requirements. Analysts say the regulation could temporarily tighten supply but will ultimately elevate product quality and consumer trust.
Officials of the Consumer Affairs Authority said that raids and inspections will be intensified islandwide to ensure compliance, warning that legal action will be taken against violators.
The move aligns Sri Lanka with growing global restrictions on BPA and unsafe food-contact materials, reinforcing the country’s commitment to consumer safety and environmental protection.
Withanage added that as regulation takes hold, its success will hinge not only on enforcement but also on public awareness — ensuring that consumers actively seek out certified products and reject potentially hazardous alternatives.
By Ifham Nizam
Business
IMF reviews progress as Sri Lanka stresses economic resilience amid external pressures
Sri Lanka has made steady progress under the International Monetary Fund Extended Fund Facility (EFF) programme, with the fifth and sixth reviews now under close assessment, informed officials said following high-level discussions held at the Presidential Secretariat yesterday.
A visiting delegation led by IMF Mission Chief for Sri Lanka Evan Papageorgiou met President Anura Kumara Dissanayake and senior government leaders to evaluate the country’s performance against key reform benchmarks, including fiscal consolidation, revenue mobilisation and external sector stability.
“Informed officials indicated that Sri Lanka has demonstrated notable resilience despite a challenging global environment,” sources familiar with the discussions told The Island Financial Review. “There has been measurable progress in stabilising macroeconomic conditions, particularly in terms of rebuilding foreign reserves and strengthening public finance management.”
The talks focused extensively on maintaining the current reform momentum, with both sides acknowledging that policy consistency would be critical to sustaining recent gains.
“Officials emphasised that the economy is now in a more shock-resilient position compared to the height of the crisis,” a senior source said. “However, they also cautioned that this stability remains fragile and requires continued fiscal discipline and structural reforms.”
Particular attention was paid to Sri Lanka’s revenue performance, which has been a cornerstone of the IMF-supported programme.
“The improvement in revenue collection has been a key positive,” an official noted. “It reflects both policy measures and better administration, but sustaining this trajectory will be essential to meeting programme targets.”
The discussions also addressed the buildup of foreign reserves, a critical buffer against external vulnerabilities.
“Rebuilding reserves has strengthened confidence,” another official said. “It provides a degree of insulation against global shocks, although the country is not yet fully out of risk territory.”
Officials acknowledged that emerging geopolitical tensions—particularly the ongoing instability in the Middle East—pose a fresh external challenge.
“The impact from the Middle East situation is unavoidable,” a source said. “Higher energy prices and supply uncertainties are already exerting pressure, and these factors could affect inflation and the balance of payments.”
In response, the government has prioritised targeted relief measures to cushion vulnerable groups from rising costs, particularly in relation to fuel and energy.
“There is a clear focus on ensuring that any shocks are managed without derailing the broader reform programme,” an official explained. “Targeted support, rather than broad subsidies, remains the preferred approach.”
Energy security and pricing were also
key areas of discussion, given their direct impact on both fiscal stability and household welfare.
“Maintaining cost-reflective pricing while protecting the most vulnerable is a delicate balance,” a senior official said. “But it is essential for the sustainability of the sector.”
The IMF team is expected to continue its assessment in the coming days, with outcomes of the fifth and sixth reviews likely to play a crucial role in determining the next phase of disbursements under the programme.
“Informed officials stressed that successful completion of these reviews would send a strong signal to international markets and development partners,” sources said.
They added that Sri Lanka’s reform trajectory has already contributed to improved investor sentiment, although sustained confidence will depend on consistent policy implementation.
“The message from both sides is clear—stay the course,” an official said. “The foundations for recovery are being laid, but the process is far from complete.”
By Ifham Nizam
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