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Why Promoting Decent Work Matters More Than Just Any Job for Sri Lankan Women

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Figure 1: Share of Employed Women in Different Types of Employment

By Dr Nisha Arunatilake

Sri Lanka’s low female labour force participation rate (FLFP) has received intense policy attention over the past several decades for many reasons. It is widely assumed that improving FLFP will not only empower women and reduce gender disparities but will also promote productivity and economic growth. Over the years, a popular strategy for promoting FLFP by successive governments has been to encourage self-employment opportunities or entrepreneurship. However, FLFP has remained below 35% for years. Self-employment jobs are highly vulnerable to economic fluctuations as social safety nets do not cover them. Furthermore, on average, self-employment income is lower than other types of income. This blog argues that to empower women and drive economic growth, policy should focus on facilitating women’s access to decent work over access to any job.

Measuring Decent Work

According to the International Labour Organization (ILO), decent work refers to jobs that provide workers with dignity, equality, fair wages and safe working conditions. Further, those in decent work have a say in their work and are protected from discrimination. The main components of decent work are workplace rights, employment, social protection and social dialogue. However, the lack of standard indicators to measure decent work and the difficulty in capturing all aspects of decent work, make it challenging to determine the availability of decent work. For example, an aspect such as social dialogue is not easy to capture.

Despite the difficulty in measuring, it is important to understand whether the jobs performed by women in the market are decent jobs. The Department of Census and Statistics (DCS) reported that in 2021, 32% of women aged 15 and above (or working-age women) were in the labour force. Of these, only 29% were employed, while the rest were unemployed.

Since there is no standard measure for decent work, several indicators with varying degrees of decent work components were used to analyse the share of working-age women engaged in various aspects of decent work. These include non-vulnerable work, full-time employment, formal employment, fair wages, and fair wages for decent working hours.

Non-vulnerable work is a relatively better type of work compared to vulnerable work. The latter is categorised as any job that contributes to family work or own account work. These types of employment are considered vulnerable because the workers depend on the revenue generated by their enterprises and are not covered by social security.

Full-time employment is defined as working for more than 35 hours a week. However, the concept of part-time work is not defined in Sri Lanka. As such, many workers in part-time employment do not receive the same benefits as those in full-time employment.

Formal employment refers to paid workers in the formal sector (government/semi-government sector; private sector firms with more than ten workers; or smaller private sector firms), excluding employees without a permanent employer or employees whose employers are not contributing to their pension or provident fund.

Fair wages are defined as the minimum wage with legislated allowances. In 2018, this amounted to LKR 13,500 a month. According to the decent work concept, a fair wage should be earned during regular work hours, which are 45 hours per week in Sri Lanka.

Figure 2: Women’s Access to Decent Work by Age, Sector and Level of Education

Disparities in Women’s Access to Decent Work

Figure 1 summarises the statistics on women employed in various aspects of decent work. The share of women engaged in decent work is significantly lower than the share of total employed, and the prevalence levels decrease as more aspects of decent work are included in the measure. Specifically, only 38% of females in formal employment were covered by some form of social security. The share of employed females covered by social security and receiving a fair wage was slightly lower at 33%. However, nearly half of the formal full-time female employees receiving a fair wage need to work more than the legislated 45 hours to earn the fair wage. Such excessive work hours are a barrier to accessing decent work for females, given their care responsibilities at home.

Another issue concerning access to decent work in Sri Lanka is the inequality in access. As illustrated in Figure 2, access to decent work varies widely across age groups, residence sectors and education levels. A recent study by IPS has identified several reasons, including access to quality education, access to physical infrastructure such as secure transportation and electricity, labour market conditions in the area of residence, social norms, outdated legislation and poor implementation of legislation. These inequalities in access to decent work must be eliminated to improve overall access to decent work.

As shown in Figure 2, low-skilled females (those with an education level below General Certificate in Education – Ordinary Level [OL]) have the least access to decent work. However, access to decent work increases with higher levels of education. Furthermore, access to decent work is also low for those outside the urban sector. Lastly, access to decent work is lower for females of age 30 years or more compared to females in the age group of 25 to 29. This disparity could be due to older females choosing to work fewer hours due to their other responsibilities.

Way Forward

In Sri Lanka, less than 17% of female workers are in decent work. Access to decent work varies widely across women of different ages, from different localities, and with different skill levels. If the government intends to reduce inequality and promote growth by improving women’s access to jobs, it should prioritise promoting access to decent work. Facilitating access to other types of work is unlikely to push women out of poverty and provide them with better social security and a fair income.

According to the IPS’ State of the Economy 2022 report, improving women’s access to decent work should prioritise job creation in productive sectors. This can be achieved by investing in expanding productive sectors and innovating to improve productivity and job creation. Further, attention should be given to policies that reduce barriers to accessing decent work.

Acknowledgements: The above blog benefits from research on “Addressing context-specific barriers to female labour force participation in decent work in Sri Lanka”, a project funded by Co-Impact and coordinated by PEP.

Link to original blog: https://www.ips.lk/talkingeconomics/2023/03/14/why-promoting-decent-work-matters-more-than-just-any-job-for-sri-lankan-women/

Dr Nisha Arunatilake is the Director of Research at IPS. She heads the Labour, Employment and Human Resource Development unit at the IPS. Her research interests include labour market analysis, education and skills’ development, migration and development, and health economics. She holds a BSc in Computer Science and Mathematics summa cum laude from the University of the South, USA and an MA and PhD in Economics from Duke University, USA.

(nisha@ips.lk)



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Historic launch of CCWE Fashion Week & International Summit 2026

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Ayanthi Gurusinghe, President, Ceylon Chamber of Women Entrepreneurs (CCWE), joined by Damith Pallewatte, MD/CEO, HNB, and Sanjay Wijemanne, Senior Executive Vice President/COO, HNB, at the press conference announcing CCWE Fashion Week, powered by HNB, held at HNB Towers.

The Ceylon Chamber of Women Entrepreneurs (CCWE) officially announced the CCWE Fashion Week & International Summit 2026 at a press conference held in Colombo, unveiling a historic national initiative that will mark the first-ever fashion week in Sri Lanka and the South Asian region dedicated exclusively to women entrepreneurs.

Held under the theme “Threads of Inclusion Woven from Every Walk of Life,” the event is scheduled to take place from 16th to 20th July 2026 at Cinnamon Life, Colombo, positioning Sri Lanka at the forefront of inclusive and sustainable fashion while creating a powerful platform for economic and social transformation.

This landmark initiative goes beyond fashion to deliver meaningful value to society by empowering women entrepreneurs across diverse communities, industries, and regions. By bringing together designers, artisans, SMEs, policymakers, investors, and international stakeholders, the event aims to create new market opportunities, strengthen financial inclusion, and promote sustainable livelihoods. It will serve as a catalyst for economic growth by supporting women-led businesses, enhancing export potential, encouraging youth participation in creative industries, and fostering regional collaboration across South Asia.

Supported by a strong network of corporate partners, the initiative is led by HNB as the Title Sponsor, reflecting a collective commitment to empowering women economically and driving more inclusive national progress.

Speaking at the press conference, Dr. Ayanthi Gurusinghe, President of CCWE and Chairman of the Fashion Week, stated, “Today we are announcing more than an event—we are introducing a national movement that will transform the way we view women entrepreneurs in Sri Lanka. This platform is designed to open doors for women from every walk of life, enabling them to convert talent into enterprise, gain access to markets, and contribute meaningfully to the economy. Through this initiative, Sri Lanka has the opportunity to lead the region in building a future where inclusion meets opportunity and equality.”

HNB, MD/ CEO, Damith Pallewatte, added, “For over 135 years, HNB has stood as a partner in progress to all Sri Lankans, and supporting women entrepreneurs is central to how we continue that legacy. This initiative creates a platform where women can access markets, build sustainable businesses, and contribute meaningfully to national economic development.

When women are empowered with the right access and support, the impact extends to families, communities, and the broader economy. Our decision to serve as Title Sponsor is driven by our commitment to enabling that access and supporting pathways for long-term growth through financial inclusion and enterprise development.”

Extending regional support, Mrs. Premila Acharya, President of the South Asian Women Development Forum (SAWDF), shared her support online, “The CCWE Fashion Week & International Summit 2026 is a landmark initiative that reflects the strength and potential of women entrepreneurs across our region. It is inspiring to see Sri Lanka take the lead in creating a platform where inclusion, opportunity, and equality come together. SAWDF is proud to stand in partnership with CCWE in empowering women through collaboration and shared progress.”

Highlighting achievements The United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific Subregional Office for South and South-West (ESCAP-SSWA) as Knowledge Partner Ms. Mikiko Tanaka, Head and Director noted “ESCAP is pleased to serve as a knowledge partner for the CCWE Fashion Week & International Summit 2026. This initiative reflects our shared commitment to enhance women entrepreneurs’ access to markets, finance and digital networks. Connecting women-led businesses to regional networks can further unlock opportunities outside Sri Lanka. We commend CCWE’s leadership in creating an enabling environment for women from diverse backgrounds to innovate, participate and contribute to inclusive and sustainable economic development.”

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Sri Lanka’s capital market gains international recognition for GSS+ Bond issuances

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The Colombo Stock Exchange (CSE) announces that Sri Lanka’s capital market has received international recognition for the quality and innovation of its Green, Social, Sustainability and Sustainability-Linked (GSS+) bond issuances at the 2026 Sustainable Debt Awards hosted by Environmental Finance. This milestone reflects the continued strengthening of Sri Lanka’s sustainable finance landscape and its growing alignment with international capital markets.

This achievement builds on a sustained collaboration with the EU-funded Green Recovery Facility, implemented by Expertise France, which has supported the development and international positioning of Sri Lanka’s GSS+ bond market. Advisory and coordination support has been provided in close collaboration with the CSE, alongside technical inputs from the contracted consultancy team Baastel led by Jason Taylor.

Since supporting the operationalisation of Sri Lanka’s Green Bond Framework in 2023, this engagement has evolved into a broader effort to develop the country’s GSS+ bond market. Through strengthened policy alignment, market development, and stakeholder engagement, this partnership has contributed to corporate GSS+ bond issuances aligned with international standards.

Collectively, recent GSS+ bond issuances in Sri Lanka have mobilised approximately LKR 82 billion (around EUR 216 million) across green, blue, social, sustainability, and sustainability-linked instruments, financing priority sectors such as renewable energy, energy efficiency, water and coastal resilience, and inclusive social infrastructure. These issuances have been oversubscribed, reflecting growing investor confidence in Sri Lanka’s sustainable finance framework.

This progress has been supported by the introduction of Sri Lanka’s GSS+ Bonds Regulatory Framework in 2025, aligned with international principles, further strengthening market credibility and investor confidence.

The awards recognise the following Sri Lankan institutions:

DFCC Bank – Award for Innovation: Use of Proceeds (Green Bond, APAC)

Bank of Ceylon – Award for Innovation: Sustainability Bond Structure (APAC)

Commercial Bank of Ceylon – Green Bond of the Year (Financial Institution, APAC)

Thimal Perera, Director/Chief Executive Officer, DFCC Bank PLC said, “This recognition reflects the progress Sri Lanka’s capital markets are making in aligning with international sustainable finance standards and strengthening credibility with global investors. We are honoured to receive recognition in the area of innovation in use of proceeds, which highlights the growing ability of Sri Lankan institutions to structure financing solutions with transparency, measurable impact, and long-term relevance. We remain grateful to the regulators, market participants, technical partners, and investors whose continued support is helping advance Sri Lanka’s sustainable finance ecosystem.”

“We are honoured to receive the Environmental Finance’s Sustainable Debt Award for Innovation – Sustainability Bond Structure (APAC) for the Bank of Ceylon’s inaugural LKR 20 billion Basel III compliant Tier 2 Sustainability Bond – the largest sustainability bond issuance in Sri Lanka and the first of its kind. This alignment addressed both BOC’s capital adequacy requirements and commitment to aligning sustainable finance with national development priorities while advancing resilient and inclusive economic growth in Sri Lanka. As the first Sri Lankan bank to secure this prestigious global award, we wish to thank the Colombo Stock Exchange for their proactive coordination and encouragement. We also extend our sincere appreciation to all stakeholders who partnered with us in this trailblazing endeavor.” said Mr. G. A. Jayashantha, Acting Senior Deputy General Manager/ Head of Global Markets, Bank of Ceylon.

Remarking upon the award Sanath Manatunge, Managing Director / Chief Executive Officer of Commercial Bank of Ceylon said “Winning the ‘Green Bond of the Year’ award is a significant milestone for Commercial Bank and a strong endorsement of our commitment to sustainable finance and responsible banking. As the largest private bank in Sri Lanka, we recognise our responsibility to support investments that drive long-term environmental and economic resilience, particularly in the renewable energy sector. This recognition reflects the Bank’s strategic focus on advancing sustainable financing solutions that contribute meaningfully to the country’s climate goals and broader sustainable development agenda.”

These recognitions are particularly significant in the context of Sri Lanka’s ongoing economic recovery and debt restructuring process. As the country works to restore macroeconomic stability and rebuild investor confidence, the ability of Sri Lankan financial institutions to successfully issue GSS+ bonds aligned with rigorous international standards sends a strong signal to global capital markets.

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Uber introduces Hybrid Subscriptions for Moto and Tuk Drivers

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Uber, Sri Lanka’s most loved ridesharing platform, today announced the launch of Hybrid Subscriptions for Moto and Tuk drivers in the country. This includes a new ‘earn first, pay later’ model that gives drivers greater flexibility by allowing them to start earning on the platform without upfront payments. Drivers will continue to benefit from 0% commission on trips, allowing them to keep all of their earnings while paying a subscription fee separately.

With hybrid subscriptions, drivers can choose a model that works best for their driving patterns, making it easier for both full-time and part-time drivers to access trips and earn on Uber. The launch is aimed at improving the overall experience for drivers while continuing to offer reliable mobility for riders.

Flexibility and earning potential remain key priorities for drivers across Sri Lanka’s two- and three-wheeler ecosystem. The new model addresses this by giving drivers more control over how they engage with the platform and how they structure their earnings. By offering both time-based and earning-based subscription options, Uber provides drivers greater flexibility. While time-based subscriptions are ideal for full-time drivers, earning-based subscriptions work well for part-time drivers.

Commenting on the launch, Kaushalya Gunaratne, Country Manager – Mobility, Uber Sri Lanka, said, “”Drivers are at the heart of everything we do. We were among the first to introduce subscription models for Moto and Tuk drivers in Sri Lanka, and with hybrid subscriptions, we’re taking it further – giving drivers the benefits of zero commissions and the flexibility to choose what works best for them.”

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