Business
Why Promoting Decent Work Matters More Than Just Any Job for Sri Lankan Women
By Dr Nisha Arunatilake
Sri Lanka’s low female labour force participation rate (FLFP) has received intense policy attention over the past several decades for many reasons. It is widely assumed that improving FLFP will not only empower women and reduce gender disparities but will also promote productivity and economic growth. Over the years, a popular strategy for promoting FLFP by successive governments has been to encourage self-employment opportunities or entrepreneurship. However, FLFP has remained below 35% for years. Self-employment jobs are highly vulnerable to economic fluctuations as social safety nets do not cover them. Furthermore, on average, self-employment income is lower than other types of income. This blog argues that to empower women and drive economic growth, policy should focus on facilitating women’s access to decent work over access to any job.
Measuring Decent Work
According to the International Labour Organization (ILO), decent work refers to jobs that provide workers with dignity, equality, fair wages and safe working conditions. Further, those in decent work have a say in their work and are protected from discrimination. The main components of decent work are workplace rights, employment, social protection and social dialogue. However, the lack of standard indicators to measure decent work and the difficulty in capturing all aspects of decent work, make it challenging to determine the availability of decent work. For example, an aspect such as social dialogue is not easy to capture.
Despite the difficulty in measuring, it is important to understand whether the jobs performed by women in the market are decent jobs. The Department of Census and Statistics (DCS) reported that in 2021, 32% of women aged 15 and above (or working-age women) were in the labour force. Of these, only 29% were employed, while the rest were unemployed.
Since there is no standard measure for decent work, several indicators with varying degrees of decent work components were used to analyse the share of working-age women engaged in various aspects of decent work. These include non-vulnerable work, full-time employment, formal employment, fair wages, and fair wages for decent working hours.
Non-vulnerable work is a relatively better type of work compared to vulnerable work. The latter is categorised as any job that contributes to family work or own account work. These types of employment are considered vulnerable because the workers depend on the revenue generated by their enterprises and are not covered by social security.
Full-time employment is defined as working for more than 35 hours a week. However, the concept of part-time work is not defined in Sri Lanka. As such, many workers in part-time employment do not receive the same benefits as those in full-time employment.
Formal employment refers to paid workers in the formal sector (government/semi-government sector; private sector firms with more than ten workers; or smaller private sector firms), excluding employees without a permanent employer or employees whose employers are not contributing to their pension or provident fund.
Fair wages are defined as the minimum wage with legislated allowances. In 2018, this amounted to LKR 13,500 a month. According to the decent work concept, a fair wage should be earned during regular work hours, which are 45 hours per week in Sri Lanka.

Figure 2: Women’s Access to Decent Work by Age, Sector and Level of Education
Disparities in Women’s Access to Decent Work
Figure 1 summarises the statistics on women employed in various aspects of decent work. The share of women engaged in decent work is significantly lower than the share of total employed, and the prevalence levels decrease as more aspects of decent work are included in the measure. Specifically, only 38% of females in formal employment were covered by some form of social security. The share of employed females covered by social security and receiving a fair wage was slightly lower at 33%. However, nearly half of the formal full-time female employees receiving a fair wage need to work more than the legislated 45 hours to earn the fair wage. Such excessive work hours are a barrier to accessing decent work for females, given their care responsibilities at home.
Another issue concerning access to decent work in Sri Lanka is the inequality in access. As illustrated in Figure 2, access to decent work varies widely across age groups, residence sectors and education levels. A recent study by IPS has identified several reasons, including access to quality education, access to physical infrastructure such as secure transportation and electricity, labour market conditions in the area of residence, social norms, outdated legislation and poor implementation of legislation. These inequalities in access to decent work must be eliminated to improve overall access to decent work.
As shown in Figure 2, low-skilled females (those with an education level below General Certificate in Education – Ordinary Level [OL]) have the least access to decent work. However, access to decent work increases with higher levels of education. Furthermore, access to decent work is also low for those outside the urban sector. Lastly, access to decent work is lower for females of age 30 years or more compared to females in the age group of 25 to 29. This disparity could be due to older females choosing to work fewer hours due to their other responsibilities.
Way Forward
In Sri Lanka, less than 17% of female workers are in decent work. Access to decent work varies widely across women of different ages, from different localities, and with different skill levels. If the government intends to reduce inequality and promote growth by improving women’s access to jobs, it should prioritise promoting access to decent work. Facilitating access to other types of work is unlikely to push women out of poverty and provide them with better social security and a fair income.
According to the IPS’ State of the Economy 2022 report, improving women’s access to decent work should prioritise job creation in productive sectors. This can be achieved by investing in expanding productive sectors and innovating to improve productivity and job creation. Further, attention should be given to policies that reduce barriers to accessing decent work.
Acknowledgements: The above blog benefits from research on “Addressing context-specific barriers to female labour force participation in decent work in Sri Lanka”, a project funded by Co-Impact and coordinated by PEP.
Link to original blog: https://www.ips.lk/talkingeconomics/2023/03/14/why-promoting-decent-work-matters-more-than-just-any-job-for-sri-lankan-women/
Dr Nisha Arunatilake is the Director of Research at IPS. She heads the Labour, Employment and Human Resource Development unit at the IPS. Her research interests include labour market analysis, education and skills’ development, migration and development, and health economics. She holds a BSc in Computer Science and Mathematics summa cum laude from the University of the South, USA and an MA and PhD in Economics from Duke University, USA.
(nisha@ips.lk)
Business
Malaysia courts more Sri Lankan travelers as ‘Visit Malaysia 2026’ gathers steam
Malaysia is intensifying efforts to attract more Sri Lankan travelers by promoting its diverse tourism offerings, strong air connectivity, Muslim-friendly facilities and expanding business partnerships ahead of the ‘Visit Malaysia 2026’ (VMY2026) campaign.
Addressing the Tourism Malaysia product presentation yesterday in Colombo, Malaysian High Commissioner to Sri Lanka Badli Hisham Adam said tourism remains one of the strongest pillars of the long-standing bilateral relationship between Malaysia and Sri Lanka, helping strengthen cultural understanding, business links and people-to-people ties.
The event, organised by Tourism Malaysia Chennai in collaboration with the High Commission of Malaysia in Colombo, brought together Malaysian tourism stakeholders, airline representatives, Sri Lankan travel industry professionals and members of the media to explore new business opportunities.
The High Commissioner said Sri Lanka continues to be an important source market for Malaysia, with growing numbers of Sri Lankan travelers seeking destinations that combine diversity, affordability, quality experiences and convenient connectivity.
“As part of ‘Visit Malaysia 2026’, we warmly invite Sri Lankan travelers to discover the richness of Malaysia, he said.
Highlighting Malaysia’s tourism strengths, the envoy said the country offers a wide range of attractions, including multicultural cities, UNESCO World Heritage Sites, pristine beaches, tropical rainforests, cool highlands and unique wildlife.
These are complemented by world-class shopping, family-friendly attractions, educational opportunities, wellness and medical tourism, business events and internationally renowned hospitality.
He also stressed Malaysia’s position as the world’s leading Muslim-friendly destination, supported by an extensive halal ecosystem with internationally recognised certification, halal-certified restaurants, easily accessible prayer facilities and family-oriented amenities across the country.
Despite ongoing geopolitical uncertainties around the world, the High Commissioner said Malaysia remains a stable, peaceful and welcoming destination for international travelers.
He urged Sri Lankan travel agents to strengthen collaboration with Malaysian tourism providers by developing innovative travel packages targeting leisure travelers, business visitors and event participants.
The presentation featured leading Malaysian tourism partners, including Wyndham Ion Majestic, Lotus Desaru, Key Term Holidays representing the Sabah Tourism Board and Asian Overland representing The PULSE Group, showcasing Malaysia’s diverse tourism experiences and investment in the Sri Lankan market.
The envoy also acknowledged the contribution of airline partners and the media in enhancing Malaysia’s visibility and improving travel connectivity between the two countries.
Looking ahead to ‘Visit Malaysia 2026’, he said the future growth of tourism would depend on stronger collaboration, innovation and meaningful partnerships between industry stakeholders.
He expressed confidence that closer cooperation between Malaysia and Sri Lanka would generate fresh business opportunities while encouraging more Sri Lankan visitors to experience Malaysia’s culture, diversity and hospitality.
The High Commissioner concluded by expressing hope that the networking session would lead to stronger commercial partnerships and contribute to the success of ‘Visit Malaysia 2026’, further deepening tourism and economic ties between the two friendly nations.
By Ifham Nizam
Business
Women Empowered Global launches ‘Leadership Lab’
Women Empowered Global (WEG), a network of award‑winning female leaders, corporate CXOs and entrepreneurs, experts and thought leaders dedicated to empowering women from six continents, unveiled the ‘WEG Leadership Lab’, a 24‑week virtual intensive programme, commencing 26 September. The programme is designed exclusively for women leaders who are ready to accelerate their careers, amplify leadership visibility, and drive transformational growth.
The women‑only leadership experience breaks the mould of conventional training, offering a powerful blend of masterclasses, mentorship, and practical leadership tools tailored for rising leaders, managers, and senior professionals. Participants will gain international exposure, sharpen essential skills, and the opportunity to join a vibrant knowledge‑sharing community which fosters confidence, resilience, and impact.
“The WEG Leadership Lab is not for casual growth. It is for women who are serious about transforming their leadership journey,” said Senela Jayasuriya, Founder/CEO, Women Empowered Global. “By combining global expertise with local delivery, we are creating pathways for women across manufacturing, trading, finance, marketing, technology, and management, as entrepreneurs, business owners, fractional executives, or corporate leaders, to thrive and build a more inclusive leadership landscape.”
WEG’s platform facilitates international exposure and career development for professionals and connects more than 4,000 members worldwide. The Leadership Lab builds on WEG’s flagship initiatives, including the 1 Million Women in Power campaign, the African Women Leadership Forum, the Business Hub, and the Global Online Academy. The programme aims to deliver a transformative journey equipping women to step boldly into leadership roles locally and internationally.
Led by Senela Jayasuriya (MBA, UK), an internationally recognized and awarded leadership & empowerment coach and innovation partner, keynote speaker, and certified expert, WEG collaborates with DEI specialists, corporate boards, Business and HR leaders, to design programmes which advance women’s careers, leadership visibility, equity, and inclusion. To date, she has successfully delivered leadership development programmes to more than 20,000 professionals.
Business
JKCG Auto and Green EV join forces to build Sri Lanka’s most expansive EV charging network
John Keells CG Auto (JKCG Auto), the authorised distributor of BYD and Denza in Sri Lanka, has launched a strategic partnership with Green EV on 26th June 2026 to significantly expand the charging infrastructure available to its customers across the island. The collaboration, formalised through a Memorandum of Understanding (MOU), marks a pivotal step in JKCG Auto’s ongoing commitment to building a comprehensive and reliable New Energy Vehicle (NEV) ecosystem in Sri Lanka.
Through this partnership, BYD and Denza owners will gain seamless access to Green EV’s public charging network of 100+ DC fast chargers and 70 AC chargers, spanning 20 districts and all nine provinces of Sri Lanka, from Jaffna in the north to Hambantota in the south, and from Puttalam on the northwest coast to Trincomalee and Ampara on the eastern seaboard, encompassing a mix of 40kW, 60kW, and 120kW fast-charging infrastructure. The network has been designed to ensure that customers can charge conveniently and confidently, whether in the heart of Colombo or in suburban and outstation communities, removing one of the most commonly cited barriers to EV adoption in Sri Lanka. Further strengthening customer confidence, Green EV has partnered with SLIC to provide a comprehensive insurance cover of LKR 100 million for every Green EV charging station, offering protection against potential damages and ensuring complete peace of mind for every user.
The initiative reflects JKCG Auto’s broader strategy to invest in the foundations of sustainable mobility, ensuring that the transition to electric vehicles is supported not only by world-class vehicles, but by a dependable ecosystem that addresses the practical needs of everyday ownership.
“If the future of mobility in Sri Lanka is going to be electric, success will hinge on how accessible we are able to make the actual vehicles, as well as the enabling infrastructure around them. JKCG Auto is proud to partner with other visionaries like Green EV to ensure that we eliminate range anxiety, so that every customer – whether in Colombo or anywhere in Sri Lanka will have the confidence to go electric,” JKCG Auto Chief Executive Officer, Charith Panditharatne.
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