Opinion
Vocabulary for Communication
Remarks of Prof Rajiva Wijesinha at the launch of
Vocabulary for Communication
by Parvathi Nagasunderam
At the University of Sri Jayewardenepura Arts Faculty Auditorium on April 27th
The launch of this book is a heartening event, first because it shows that my old student, colleague and friend Parvathi Nagasunderam is still wonderfully productive though now in her ninth decade; and second because the focus of her book shows her continuing commitment to the needs of students.
Many years ago, one of my mentors at university would talk of life’s little ironies, and it seems to me that Paru’s wonderful career has throughout been the result of ironies. I first met her at Peradeniya as a newly-appointed lecturer way back in 1990. Those were the days when university departments of English had very few students, and questions arose as to why they made little or no contribution to overcome the crying need of the country for good English teachers.
Obviously, their products, almost entirely from elite schools, and taught the great tradition of English Literature, would have been useless in our classrooms where language teaching was required, and the more basic as the years passed. But as one professor proudly put it, their students could go to Cambridge for postgraduate work, and I think that indeed over several decades one student did manage this, though he did not come back.
So, the departments developed a programme to take teachers who had passed the external General Arts Qualifying examination, and give them an English degree. But then they were drenched in the same old stuff, which was useless for rural or indeed most urban schools, and many ended up in other institutions. And to compound the problem, Peradeniya decided to offer a combined degree, to give them more exposure to English, it was claimed, but they decided on literary criticism so the poor teachers had to study Aristotle and Horace and Longinus.
Amidst the floundering teachers I did however find two who were hardworking and understood what they read and could talk about it, so I persuaded them to opt for Special Degrees. They were fearful, but in the end, they agreed, and then I resigned. That caused them great disappointment, but perhaps in the end Paru was benefited, for had I stayed I have no doubt she would have got a class. Given the vagaries of our system, there were many classes in the year above hers and in the years below, but in her year the examiners had different priorities. So that while the beneficiaries of the other system were absorbed by Peradeniya, to continue with an albeit confused version of the great tradition – to the disappointment of the much more enlightened Arjuna Parakrama when he became Professor there – Paru had to re-enter the school system.
But then she was selected to teach at the newly-opened College of Education, the one at Pasdunrata, which produced accomplished teachers of English while it was headed by the dynamic Charlie Gamage. This was when pre-service teacher training was begun, and an effective programme was introduced, with much assistance from the British Council, which provided a resident trainer.
This was David Woolger, and while I appreciated the comment earlier about how both Lakshmi Cumaratunga and I had mentored Paru, most credit I believe should go to David. He noted her excellence and encouraged me to use her in the various training programmes I began at the British Council and through the English Association in provincial centres.
For both he and the Representatives at the Council at the time had persuaded me to work on English Language as well as my original literature specialism, and in time I became an avid proponent of revising the system to improve language teaching.
Then, another irony, the new Minister of Education destroyed the Colleges and also the Higher Institute of English Education, which had been set up within the National Institute of Education to work on trainer training. But those in power could not understand the need for this in addition to teacher training, so that admirable initiative collapsed, and Lakshmi Cumaratunga left the country.
Paru, whom David had recruited to the HIEE, was thus ready for a change, and so I was able to tempt her to Jayewardenepura when I began to revitalize the English programme there as well through the Affiliated University Colleges that the visionary Arjuna Aluwihare had started.
My contract at USJP was not renewed for I refused to ask for this, knowing that the Vice-Chancellor wanted to tie me down, whereas I had been working also on the GELT programme and the AUCs which were being transformed into universities. And they needed me more than USJP, which I could leave in Paru’s safe hands. So, it proved, and she took what we had started to much higher levels, including when I urged her while I was at the Ministry of Education developing an English Language Teaching module for the degree, which other universities scorned at the time.
Thus, USJP has been at the forefront of English education in this country, and Paru’s students, who are devoted to her, have continued with her vision of English not only at USJP but at the other higher educational institutes where they teach.
Paru and I were able meanwhile to work together in other areas. She was one of the consultants we took on when I restarted English medium in 2001, though sadly, with a change of government opposition to this initiative meant that we could train only for a year before the NIE took over and did its best to introduce formulas instead of fun. Then, when in 2004 I chaired the Academic Affairs Board of the NIE, and tried to revise syllabi to introduce more critical thinking in all subjects, Paru produced for me a step-by-step set of achievement levels, which would have dealt with the problem she mentioned in her opening remarks, about vocabulary not being developed systematically.
Sadly, Ministers who keep talking about the need for better English do not look at what has been done, which could be made available again. And, while obviously, as I told Dinesh Gunawardena when he asked me to help, I could not get involved with the current government, there are others who could well be consulted such as Paru, but those in charge will not suggest names of those more able than they are.
It is heartening though that in her own way Paru continues to function so effectively to fill the gaps in the system, by producing books like this which are so useful to students. Their needs, rather than the needs of administrators, should be the key to educational initiatives, and I congratulate her, and the students she has nurtured, for keeping this in the forefront of all they do.
Opinion
‘Outpost of Empire’
Review
by Colleen Figg, Editor
and Reviewer – Amazon, New Voices Publishing
“Fernando echoes Macbeth with the line, “There is judgment here.” It captures the question running through the novel: can anyone participate in corruption and remain untouched by it? Beneath this satire is a dark story about power and the danger of believing, that someone else will always pay the price.”
Shavindra Fernando’s Outpost of Empire is a political novel set in the fictional country of Lackadasia. At its heart is a strong idea: an exploration of world politics, terrorism and the ways in which powerful countries manipulate smaller ones. Fernando is clearly writing about political issues that matter deeply to him.
The names immediately establish the book’s satirical character. Lackadasia, Burgherbugaria and the various Klowns suggest a world in which the people and places are exaggerated, but the issues beneath the exaggeration are recognisable. The playful language allows Fernando to approach terrorism, religious conflict and political corruption from an unusual angle.
Henry Stockwell is a central character: an ambassador who arrives in Lackadasia presenting himself as a friend of the country. He believes he understands how power works and treats the country, its politicians and its people as pawns on his personal chessboard. In his arrogance, he never doubts that he controls events rather than being controlled by them. This confidence makes him a compelling figure and in him, we explore the workings of political influence and the potential traps contained therein.
As the story develops, Fernando reveals a political world where causes are adopted when they are useful, people are exploited and discarded, and the truth becomes whatever those in power need it to be. Ordinary people suffer the consequences of decisions made far beyond their reach or knowledge, while those making those decisions continue to justify their actions. Even the people who help keep this world running may not be as important or as safe as they imagine.
Stockwell brings this idea into focus. He recognises corruption in others and willingly takes part in it himself, yet he cannot see that he might also suffer its consequences. Ultimately, he thinks his position will keep him safe. He is intelligent enough to understand the game, but not insightful enough to grasp the limits of his place within it. This blindness gives the novel a strong sense of irony.
The satirical approach gives Fernando room to criticise political hypocrisy without turning the novel into a direct political argument. By using fictional countries and exaggerated names, he creates some distance from specific governments and events while still making the larger targets of the book clear. The humour does not take away from the seriousness of the subject; instead, it makes the cruelty and self-interest beneath the political performance stand out more sharply.
Near the end, Fernando echoes Macbeth with the line, “There is judgment here.” It captures the question running through the novel: can anyone participate in corruption and remain untouched by it? Beneath this satire is a dark story about power and the danger of believing that someone else will always pay the price.
I came away feeling that Outpost of Empire is a valuable and thought-provoking book, particularly in today’s political and social climate. It has a distinctive voice, and the questions it raises about power, responsibility and foreign interference remain relevant far beyond the fictional borders of Lackadasia.
About the Author
Shavindra Fernando has worked as a reporter. He read English & Classics at the University of Peradeniya in Sri Lanka, and took International Relations & Ethnic Politics as a Reuter Fellow at the University of Oxford in England. The Vague Poetess (1999)was his first novel.
Opinion
Speaker’s dilemma
The Opposition, in its wisdom (or perhaps stupidity), has submitted yet another No-Confidence Motion (NCM) against the Speaker of Parliament. Perhaps it hopes to score some brownie points in the eyes of the public, which is hardly indifferent to such developments. Yet, knowing full well that the motion is unlikely to succeed, the exercise may well prove futile — akin to banging one’s head against a solid rock.
Nevertheless, the nearly fifty allegations levelled against the Speaker, whether justified or mere mudslinging, cannot simply be brushed aside. Such allegations may well have a bearing on the individual concerned, particularly where it matters most — his conscience — and few would dispute that possibility.
From a protocol standpoint, the Speaker occupies one of the highest positions in the country, ranking third in the hierarchy of state. He consequently belongs to the uppermost echelons of public life, with acquaintances and associates extending across a wide spectrum of society, including diplomats and other distinguished personalities. Such a position carries with it not merely prestige and privilege, but also an onerous responsibility to uphold the dignity and integrity of the office.
As the guardian of Parliament, the Speaker is expected to maintain standards of conduct, impartiality and discipline that are beyond reproach.
Whether the allegations are justifiable or not may be of little consequence to members of the ruling party, who will undoubtedly defend their colleague to the hilt. Nevertheless, the stigma arising from such allegations may prove difficult to erase, particularly in the eyes of his family, close associates and, ultimately, the voters who placed their trust in him. Of course, it is common knowledge that politics can be a dirty game and that, as Lord Acton famously observed, “power tends to corrupt, and absolute power corrupts absolutely.”
Yet, nothing could be more devastating than a person losing his own soul in the process. On the one hand, stepping down could be construed as an admission of responsibility for the allegations levelled against him. On the other, allowing the No-Confidence Motion (NCM) to proceed could expose him to further public scrutiny and potentially inflict lasting damage on his character, dignity and reputation. Thus, he finds himself caught between two unenviable choices, each carrying consequences that may extend far beyond the immediate political fallout.
The Speaker is therefore confronted with a classic Hobson’s choice, with neither option likely to be without consequences. After all, in politics, there are no permanent friends or enemies—only permanent interests.
WILLIAM
Opinion
How long can Sri Lanka remain silent on its demographic crisis?
I write this with a sense of profound disappointment, rather than as a critic of the government or any individual public official. For several months, I have been drawing public attention to what I consider one of the most serious long-term challenges facing Sri Lanka—the country’s rapidly changing demographic structure, declining fertility, population ageing and the consequent contraction of the working-age population.
I have written several articles on this subject, believing that informed public discussion could encourage policymakers, academics and relevant institutions to examine the issue before its consequences become irreversible. I went a further step by addressing a detailed letter to the President on 28 August 2026, seeking consideration of a National Demographic Action Plan.
That letter was not merely an expression of concern. It contained practical proposals: long-term demographic projections, assessment of the consequences for labour supply and productivity, examination of declining fertility and delayed family formation, reassessment of education and employment policies, consideration of migration, and the establishment of continuous demographic monitoring.
I deliberately addressed the matter to the highest level because demographic change is not the responsibility of one ministry. It cuts across Finance and Planning, Education, Labour, Health, Higher Education, migration, social protection and national human-resource planning.
Yet, after sending that registered letter, I have not even received an acknowledgement.
This is what troubles me most. I fully appreciate that government has numerous urgent problems to address. Economic recovery, disaster management, employment, education and many other immediate concerns understandably demand attention. But demographic change is different. It operates slowly, almost silently, while steadily narrowing the choices available to future governments.
By the time the shortage of workers, accelerated ageing, increased dependency and the economic consequences of very low fertility become impossible to ignore, remedial action may be enormously more difficult and expensive. What is equally disappointing is the apparent silence of the institutions that should be at the centre of this discussion.
The latest Census has provided the country with an invaluable body of demographic evidence. My own published work has attempted to connect those findings with national development, productivity, education, employment and human-resource planning. On the top of these endeavours, I have seen voluminous articles written by Professor Manori Weerathunga, of the Population Department of the Colombo University, President Population Association of Sri Lanka, and Director Centre for Ageing Studies of University of Colombo. Yet I have seen little evidence of a visible national policy response from the relevant planning and statistical authorities.
Given the multiplicity of the roles and the credentials she possesses, I would strongly urge her to take the bull by the horns and formulate a draft national demographic policy with the expertise of the demographic scientists. This task cannot be delegated to the SLAS or Planning panjandrums. The government should seriously think why the thinktanks are abdicating their mandatory responsibilities and playing a passive role when the country is confronted with burning issues. Are there any sinister plans by disgruntled senior officers to derail the development plans is the question that begs an answer? Alternatively, the government should seriously enlist the support of the IMF or the World Bank, before the demographic bomb explodes!
Are we treating the Census merely as a statistical exercise, rather than as an early-warning the system for national planning? This question deserves a public answer.
I went even further by writing on “Educational Delays, Biological Clock and Sri Lanka’s Fertility Crisis.” My purpose was not to blame the education authorities. I sought to draw attention to the possibility that prolonged delays in university education, examinations, admissions and graduation may interact with delayed family formation and the biological realities of childbearing. I had hoped that this would stimulate examination by the Education sector and other relevant stakeholders.
Unfortunately, I have yet to see any meaningful response. My concern is therefore not whether my own articles have been acknowledged. That is completely irrelevant. The issue is whether the substantive national questions raised in those articles are being examined by anyone in authority.
A citizen who spends considerable time studying a national problem, writing about it publicly and then submitting a constructive proposal to Government should not necessarily expect agreement. But surely an acknowledgement—or better still, a response indicating that the matter is being examined—is not too much to expect.
There is also another dimension which I recently highlighted in discussing Sri Lanka’s transition from an “Age of Longevity” towards an “Age of Experience”. Sri Lanka is simultaneously facing a shrinking younger workforce and an expanding reservoir of older citizens possessing decades of professional and institutional experience.
The demographic challenge, therefore, should not be viewed only through the lenses of pensions, healthcare and elderly care. The country must also ask how the accumulated knowledge, expertise and institutional memory of its experienced citizens can be mobilised for national development.
This is precisely why I find the present silence so difficult to understand. I have no personal or political agenda. I have spent decades working in human resources, productivity and management specialist, and I have chosen in the later stage of my professional life to devote my writing to contemporary national issues which I believe deserve national attention.
Perhaps my concerns are misplaced. Perhaps the government already has a comprehensive demographic strategy under preparation. The relevant institutions have already initiated studies that are not yet public.
If that is the case, I would be delighted to be proved wrong. But if no such comprehensive process exists, then I respectfully ask: how much longer can Sri Lanka afford to remain silent?
The demographic clock does not stop while governments deliberate.
My appeal is therefore not for recognition of my efforts. It is for recognition of the problem. I hope the relevant authorities will prove that the silence I have encountered is not indifference, but merely the silence before meaningful action.
Sri Lanka cannot afford to discover, ten or twenty years from now, that the warnings were visible, the evidence was available, the proposals were made—and nobody acted.
The time to respond to the demographic crisis is now, while choices still remain.
Over to you, the President, the Prime Minister, the Minister of Finance and National Planning, Vice Chancellor of Colombo, Director General of Census and Statistics.
Athula Ranasinghe
Productivity Specialist and Management Consultant
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