Business
The Political Economy of Fiscal Policies and Regulations to Promote Healthy Diets in Sri Lanka
Better Policies for Better Diets:
IPS Policy Insights
Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) have posed a critical health challenge for Sri Lanka for several decades. Estimated to account for 83 per cent of all deaths in Sri Lanka today, NCDs have serious health and economic consequences for both individuals and the country.1 In 2000 and 2010, the deaths that occurred due to NCDs were estimated as 74 and 76 per cent of the total deaths respectively.2 Unhealthy dietary patterns are one of the main behavioural causes for escalating NCD incidences.3 While 72.5 per cent of the Sri Lankan population eat less than five servings of fruit and/or vegetables on average per day4 only 26.9 per cent of the males and 28.0 per cent of the females consume five or more servings of fruits and/or vegetables per day.5 Further, 26.5 per cent of school children aged 13-17 years reported that they consumed a carbonated soft drink at least once per day.6 This shows how unhealthy dietary patterns are followed in Sri Lanka every day.
Political Economy and NCDs
Fiscal interventions are crucial to correct market failures, create incentives to reduce dietary risk factors for NCDs, and generate government revenue.7 Fiscal policies and regulations are implemented within complex country-specific systems. They are influenced by several contextual factors such as social norms and acceptances, stakeholders, their interests and influences, resource implications, equity and human rights, and feasibility. These factors are collectively recognised as the political economy. A country’s political economy greatly influences policy development, implementation, and realisation. A proper understanding of the political economy can help formulate better policies to meet the NCD challenge and create a healthy food environment.
Sri Lanka has introduced various measures including fiscal policies and regulations to promote healthy dietary patterns. The main objective of this policy brief is to highlight how the political economy of the food environment in the country influences the development of policies on healthy diets. The following findings are based on a political economy analysis conducted by the Institute of Policy Studies of Sri Lanka (IPS) as a part of the study on ‘Fiscal Policies and Regulations to Promote Healthy Diets in Sri Lanka’. The study examines the following aspects:
Policy framing – recognition of the main policy issue (underlying assumptions, perceptions, and concepts);
Policy contents – recognition of key policy elements; and Policy development – actors, stakeholders, and their interests.
The findings and recommendations are based on a review of policies introduced from the year 2000 onwards.
Key Findings
Policy Framing
Commendably NCDs, nutrition, and the food environment are recognised as important policy issues and framed well in the policy documents prepared by the health sector, mainly by the Ministry of Health.
Policy Contents
Healthy food consumption, production of healthy foods, social marketing and health promotion campaigns, nutrition labelling, nutrition education and retail sales of healthy food are the areas covered relatively well in the policy documents reviewed. However, many of the policy documents do not devote adequate attention to some crucial aspects such as funding sources, governance, gender sensitivity, and stakeholder identification. For example, the National Health Strategic Master Plan 2016-2025 Preventive Services Programme – Food Safety states, “The government of Sri Lanka will take over the responsibility in terms of finances and resource allocation to improve the food safety” as an assumption.8 But it does not either explain or present the financial sources and mechanisms to be used for this purpose. Likewise, in most policy documents, there is no explicit commitment to adopt fiscal measures to achieve the targets specified in those respective policies.
Policy Development
The Ministry of Health plays a central role in developing policies to reduce NCDs, promote healthy diets, and establish a safer food environment in Sri Lanka. Apart from the Ministry of Health, the Ministry of Agriculture has also demonstrated its interest in nutrition and the food environment. Production of healthy foods, marketing and trading, and nutrition education are some of the key areas covered in the policy documents of the agriculture sector. Other than these two ministries, other public sectors have not indicated any noticeable interest in NCDs, nutrition or the food environment.
Additionally, international development partners such as the World Health Organization (WHO), United Nations Children Fund (UNICEF), United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA), World Food Programme (WFP), and the World Bank (WB) are important stakeholders playing a supportive role in upgrading the nutrition status and food environment and addressing NCDs-related issues.
Recommendations
Continue to focus on policy framing and cover crucial policy elements:
The recognition and attention given to NCDs, nutrition and the food environment are progressive steps that need continuation. This is particularly important given the current NCD burden in Sri Lanka and the increasing trend of NCD-related morbidities and mortalities. However, the review of the policy documents revealed the lack of comprehensive coverage of important policy elements where some of the crucial aspects like governance structures, funding sources, and gender sensitivity are not adequately addressed.
It is essential to comprehensively confer due recognition to all the crucial aspects to implement the policies effectively and to achieve desired outcomes. For example, identifying governance structures is important for the effective implementation of policies. It also indicates the country’s commitment and responsiveness in addressing the issues identified in the policies. Likewise, it is necessary to identify funding sources to implement the proposed actions. No matter how well developed a policy is, it will not achieve its intended impact if the resources to implement the policy are not available.
Proactively seek the active
participation of all stakeholders
in policy development:
The efforts of the health sector (i.e., Ministry of Health) to develop policies on NCDs, nutrition and the food environment are commendable. Yet, the lack of involvement and interest by other sectors is a huge deterrent to achieving the expected outcomes of policies aimed at promoting healthy diets in Sri Lanka. Currently, these issues are regarded as “health issues” and other sectors/ministries either do not adequately recognise or completely ignore these concerns when they formulate policies for their respective sectors. The food environment, nutrition and NCDs are complex and interconnected issues.
Thus, policies that intend to address these issues must take a more holistic approach actively involving all the parties concerned. Further, the involvement of the highest level of the government such as the National Nutrition Council chaired by the President is recommended to lead and coordinate these processes, thereby assuring the highest level of political will and commitment.
This policy insight was prepared by IPS researcher Sunimalee Madurawala (sunimalee@ips.lk) based on findings from a study on ‘Fiscal Policies and Regulations to Promote Healthy Diets in Sri Lanka’ funded by the International Development Research Centre (IDRC), Canada. For more policy insights from IPS, visit: https://www.ips.lk/publications/policy-insights/.
Business
Russian Federation ‘deeply considering’ supplying SL’s energy needs
The Russian Federation is deeply considering supplying energy/fuel to Sri Lanka to prevent an energy crisis due to the escalating Middle East war, Russian Deputy Foreign Minister Andrey Rudenko said.
‘We are very much keen to support Sri Lanka and provide fuel/energy to Sri Lanka. This is still under consideration but it would be a positive response from our side, Rudenko said at a media forum yesterday in Colombo. The forum was organised by Pathfinder Foundation Sri Lanka and held at Colombo Club, Taj Samudra Hotel.
Rudenko who made a brief official visit to Sri Lanka said that the Middle East conflict is quite serious and that most Asian countries, including Sri Lanka, are affected by it in areas such as transportation, energy/ fuel and food security. ‘The supply chains related to these sectors have been disrupted for many countries. The escalating war situation in Iran and the Gulf region will affect most economies of the world, he said.
The Deputy Minister said that Russia is still not affected by the crisis but it could be impacted if the war continues for sometime.
‘We will be looking for a convenient payment method for Sri Lankan, when it comes to trade and investments in the future, Rudenko added.
Responding to questions Rudenko said that at present the United Nations is not doing anything to put a full stop to the war and a need of the hour is to strengthen the United Nations to change the world order.
By Hiran H Senewiratne
Business
Lankem taps Eppawala phosphate to launch Sri Lanka’s first SSP fertiliser plant
Event coincides with volatility in global fertiliser markets
Sri Lanka’s long-discussed Eppawala rock phosphate deposit has finally begun feeding a domestic fertiliser value chain, with Lankem Ceylon PLC unveiling the country’s first locally manufactured Single Super Phosphate (SSP) fertiliser in a Rs. 3 billion industrial venture aimed at reducing import dependence and strengthening agricultural resilience.
The product, branded ‘Mada Raja’, was launched at a ceremony in Colombo on March 30, marking the commissioning of a new state-of-the-art manufacturing facility operated by Lankem Minerals Ltd, a fully owned subsidiary of the diversified conglomerate.
With an annual production capacity of 50,000 metric tonnes, the plant is expected to meet up to 80% of Sri Lanka’s SSP fertiliser requirement, positioning the company to play a strategic role in stabilising fertiliser supply at a time when global supply chains remain vulnerable to geopolitical disruptions.
The project is also the first significant industrial initiative in recent years to systematically utilise Eppawala rock phosphate, one of the country’s key mineral resources. Lankem Minerals will source over 30,000 metric tonnes annually from Lanka Phosphate Ltd, thereby strengthening a domestic fertiliser value chain while generating economic activity in the Anuradhapura region.
Speaking at the launch, Lankem Ceylon PLC Managing Director Suren Goonawardene said the initiative reflects a broader effort to reduce Sri Lanka’s dependence on imported fertilisers and build local industrial capability.
“The launch of ‘Mada Raja’ represents a significant step forward in building Sri Lanka’s agricultural resilience,” he said. “As a group we are focused on enabling long-term national value creation by strengthening domestic capability while supporting farmers through locally manufactured solutions.”
The project itself was not a quick undertaking. According to company officials, the concept was first initiated in 2015, followed by nearly a decade of research, technical trials and regulatory clearances before the plant reached commissioning.
A senior official involved in the project said the long development timeline was largely due to the unique mineral composition of Eppawala phosphate.
Earlier fertiliser formulations had typically relied on sedimentary phosphate sources, while the Eppawala deposit contains crystalline rock phosphate, which behaves differently during chemical processing.
“This fundamental difference in mineral structure directly affects how the end product reacts,” the official explained. “The same parameters used for conventional raw materials could not be applied identically.”
The company therefore had to undertake extensive laboratory work and industrial trials to refine the process. During this period, Lankem also worked closely with regulators and technical agencies to ensure the product met recognised standards.
The Sri Lanka Standards Institution, National Fertiliser Secretariat, and the Ministry of Science and Technology were engaged in the process, which eventually led to refinements in the regulatory framework and alignment with ISO-based quality standards.
“Through professional collaboration with the relevant institutions, the standards were enhanced and refined,” the official said. “Today we are unveiling a product that has passed through a rigorous framework of testing and compliance.”
Beyond the industrial and economic dimensions, the company says the product also addresses a growing agronomic challenge: sulphur deficiency in Sri Lankan soils.
Unlike conventional fertilisers such as Triple Super Phosphate (TSP), which primarily supply phosphorus, SSP provides a combination of phosphorus, sulphur and calcium.
This integrated nutrient profile helps improve root development, protein synthesis and soil structure, contributing to better crop performance and long-term soil health.
Lankem Minerals Chairman Ananda Hettiarachchy said the shift toward balanced nutrient management is becoming increasingly important for sustainable agriculture.
By Sanath Nanayakkare
Business
Ambuluwawa sends a message of peace to the world
30th anniversary marked with global initiatives, tourism surge, and meditation focus
Perched above the historic town of Gampola, where rolling hills meet drifting clouds, Ambuluwawa emerged this week as a powerful symbol of peace, sustainability, and renewal.
Marking the 30th anniversary of the Ambuluwawa Religious and Biodiversity Complex, foundation stones were laid for an International Meditation Centre and an International Library—two landmark initiatives aimed at promoting global harmony, spiritual reflection, and knowledge sharing.
The ceremony, held Saturday morning, was graced by the Maha Sangha, whose presence infused the occasion with deep spiritual significance.
Among them were the Most Venerable Karagoda Uyangoda Maithree Moorthi Mahanayake Thera of the Amarapura Maha Nikaya, Most Venerable Makulewe Wimala Mahanayake Thera of the Ramanna Maha Nikaya, Most Venerable Niyangoda Vijithasiri Anunayake Thera of the Malwathu Chapter of the Siyam Nikaya, and Most Venerable Wedaruwe Upali Anunayake Thera of the Asgiri Chapter.
At a time when global tensions and conflicts continue to claim lives, the Maha Sangha collectively invoked blessings for peace. Their message was clear and compelling: may the flames of war be extinguished, may lives be protected, and may all nations coexist in unity and compassion.
A solemn Sathya Kriya (act of truth) was conducted at the Ambuluwawa auditorium with the participation of Diyawadana Nilame Pradeep Nilanga Dela, MP and Attorney-at-Law Anuradha Jayaratne, and a large gathering of devotees.
Complementing the day’s proceedings, a spiritually significant all-night Pirith chanting ceremony was held on March 29 inside a specially constructed chamber within the iconic Ambuluwawa tower. As sacred chants resonated through the cool mountain air, they carried with them prayers for global healing, serenity, and the well-being of all living beings.
Beyond its spiritual essence, Ambuluwawa stands as one of Sri Lanka’s most remarkable biodiversity sanctuaries. Rising from a single mountain peak, it encompasses a rare concentration of ecological zones, supporting a diverse range of endemic plant and animal species.
This unique environmental setting has made Ambuluwawa a living example of conservation in action, where biodiversity is preserved alongside cultural and religious heritage.
Speaking at the event, Ambuluwawa Complex Chairman, Jayaratne highlighted the remarkable transformation of Ambuluwawa under its new management.
He noted that annual income had surged to around Rs. 300 million from a modest Rs. 11 million in earlier years, reflecting improved management and growing public interest. Tourist arrivals have also increased significantly—from around 15,000 visitors in the past to over 50,000 within the last four years—underscoring the site’s rising appeal both locally and internationally.
Jayaratne expressed confidence that, with the continued blessings and guidance of the Maha Sangha, Ambuluwawa would witness even greater development in the years ahead.
He emphasised that future initiatives would be carefully aligned with environmental sustainability and spiritual values.
Indeed, over the past decade, Ambuluwawa has steadily evolved into a major tourism hotspot.
Drawn by its distinctive tower, panoramic views, and multi-religious symbolism, visitors increasingly regard it as a unique destination that blends nature, culture, and spirituality. Authorities believe this tourism momentum can be further strengthened through carefully planned, eco-friendly initiatives.
Among these is a proposed cable car project aimed at improving access to the summit while minimising environmental disruption. If implemented with sustainability at its core, the project is expected to enhance visitor experience and elevate Ambuluwawa’s status on the global tourism map.
Central to the future vision, however, is meditation. The planned International Meditation Centre is expected to transform Ambuluwawa into a hub for spiritual tourism, attracting practitioners and seekers from around the world. In an age marked by stress and uncertainty, the tranquil surroundings of Ambuluwawa offer an ideal setting for mindfulness, reflection, and inner healing.
As it marks three decades of existence, Ambuluwawa stands at the crossroads of tradition and transformation. With its blend of biodiversity, spirituality, and growing tourism potential, it continues to send a timeless message to the world—that peace is possible when humanity learns to live in harmony with nature and within itself.
By Ifham Nizam
-
Features6 days agoA World Order in Crisis: War, Power, and Resistance
-
News7 days agoEnergy Minister indicted on corruption charges ahead of no-faith motion against him
-
Sports7 days agoSLC to hold EGM in April
-
Opinion7 days agoWhen elephants fight, it is the grass that suffers
-
Features7 days agoLest we forget
-
News3 days agoTariff shock from 01 April as power costs climb across the board
-
Business7 days agoPan Asia Bank empowers export sector as Strategic Partner of NCE Export Awards
-
News6 days agoMinister Jayakody indicted in Colombo High Court over alleged corruption
