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The many faces of betel leaf

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by Randima Attygalle

A motif of prosperity, new beginnings and goodwill, the betel leaf interlaces the multi-cultural Sri Lankan society. Bulath in Sinhalese and Vettilai in Tamil, this glossy heart-shaped leaf of cultural and religious connotations, is an ‘evergreen presence’ at many a moment of Lankan lives. Among the 40 leaves of the standard betel sheaf or bulath hurulla lie a sense of welcome, reverence, renewed family ties, forgiveness and blessings.

Be it the first glimpse of a future wife-to-be over a bulath heppuwa (betel tray) offered by her, a mark of respect to village weda mahattaya, invoking the blessings of a parent, teacher or an elder, first business transaction for the new year, deheth watti offered to the priests, customs at weddings, rituals at the temple or kovil, betel is ubiquitous.

Legend has it that the betel leaf originated in the mythical land of nagas and was brought to the world of humans by a cobra or a nagaya holding the leaf by its tip. This belief renders it the name nagavalli or snake creeper in Telegu. Interestingly, betel chewers discard the tip and the stalk of the leaf before they chew it. This evergreen climber is believed to have been introduced to us and other South Asian countries by the Chinese and Arab merchants who brought it from Malaysia and the surrounding East Asian region.

Apart from its significance in religious canon including jataka stories, betel is mentioned in historical sources such as Mahabharatha, Mahavansa and Ramayana, says Senarath Wickramasinghe, Deputy Director (Cultural), Department of National Museums. Stone inscription in Mihintale, according to Wickramasinghe, is one of the earliest historical sources of ours which alludes to betel by its reference to deheth offered to the priests. “Sharing of betel and its accompanying condiments of dried tobacco, slake lime or chunam and arecanut for a chew remains a cultural expression of friendship and brotherhood in traditional Sri Lankan social life,” says Wickramasinghe. A carefully arranged betel tray along with these condiments in the open verandah of a village home is an invitation to any visitor to have a chew. Today it is a diminishing sight and the other essentials once associated with betel chewing have become things of the past.

The betel bags (bulath malu), chunam boxes (hunu killotaya), betel tray (hepppuwa) and arecanut slicer (giraya) were elaborately designed reflecting the skill of the ancient Sri Lankan artisan. “While chunam boxes from Anuradhapura and Polonnaruwa periods have been found, the oldest betel bags intricately embroidered, date back to the Kandyan period,” says the Museum official who goes onto note that while the nobility used betel trays cast in bronze or brass, the ordinary folk used a tray made out of reed called ‘kooru adiya.’ The chunam boxes found either in copper or brass were also ornamented. The giraya often made in brass was embellished with native fauna and flora patterns. Its head was designed in various shapes including that of a woman in a greeting position.

The royals and aristocrats had their attendants carrying their betel related paraphernalia including the spittoon (padikkama) and the betel pounder or bulath wangediya. The colonial historians too record this local indulgence in their work. The water colour painting of the betel leaf by the Dutch painter Jan Brandes in his work, The World of Jan Brandes 1743-1808 and the illustration of a local Catholic woman going to church accompanied by a maid carrying a betel box and a spittoon in Illustrations and views of Dutch Ceylon 1602-1796 are among these records.

More than an indulgence, betel is today one of our major exports, Pakistan being the largest importer. Middle East, Canada, USA, Japan, UK, Australia, Norway and Germany are among the other leading importers. The other major betel growing countries are India, Thailand and Bangladesh.

“Even though the betel leaves contain different types of important chemicals, no value added betel products are reported from any of these importing countries. Almost all the countries import betel for chewing purposes as there is a considerable immigrant population of betel chewers in them,” says Dr. H.M.P.A Subasinghe, Director (Research), Inter-cropping and Betel Research Station, Department of Export Agriculture (DEA). The betel quid, as Subasinghe further explains is of different types with condiments which accompany it varying from country to country. The betel quid has regional differences as well he says. Cloves and cardamom are sometimes added to the quid of tobacco with lime and arecanut.

While betel is grown across the island, the export quality crop of thick dark green known as Kalu bulath is found in Kurunegala, Gampaha, Kegalle, Kalutara and Colombo districts. Different cultivars are grown by farmers including Mahamaneru, Kudamaneru, Ratadalu, Galdalu and Gatathodu. For commercial purposes, Mahamaneru and Ratadalu are the most commonly grown. The Inter-cropping and Betel Research Station of the DEA, through a series of plant breeding programmes, had released two high yielding varieties with high quality parameters named Naram mali and Naram rathi.

Betel Leaf Blight (BLB) disease is the most feared in betel cultivation. “This could destroy an entire cultivation within a few weeks,” explains Subasinghe who notes that research is in progress to evaluate different traditional treatments used by farmers to fight the disease.

Several value-added betel products have already been located by the Betel Research Station, its Director said. Betel flavoured sweets, betel oil, mosquito repellents, sticks and creams, betel mixed shampoo, betel mixed herbal tea and a betel drink are among them. Research is also underway to develop toothpaste, mouthwash, face cream, anti-tick lotion, anti-tick powder, wound healing creams, cold drinks, chocolates, incense sticks, appetizers, digestive agents and tonics. “These value added products can boost the marketability of betel and create new prospects in the industry,” notes Subasinghe.

Betel is also rich in medicinal properties. The potential for betel-based anti-diabetic and gastro protective drugs are many says the scientist. “Anti-fungal, anti-bacterial and anti-protozoan properties of betel can kill or inhibit some bacteria which cause diseases such as typhoid, cholera and tuberculosis. Its antioxidant properties have a cancer preventive effect. Research has also revealed that betel oil is rich in healing properties. Betel leaves can also prevent indigestion, bronchitis, constipation, congestion, coughs and asthma.”

 

(Pic credit Department of Export Agriculture and Department of National Museums)



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Life style

Julie Chung’s graceful goodbye

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Chung

Last chapter in Colombo

Elegant, articulate and amiable, U.S. Ambassador to Sri Lanka Julie Chung reaches the end of her term, with the quiet confidence of a woman who has shaped diplomacy across continents.

In this interview, she speaks with emotional clarity and stately restraint, offering insights shaped by memory, responsibility and a deep respect for the human stories behind public life.

A diplomat of distinction and a fashion icon in her own right, she embodies a modern elegance where intellect meets instinct and presence becomes power. She speaks of her time in Sri Lanka not as a posting, but as a chapter of memory, reflecting with grace on the experiences she will carry forward—memories woven with diplomacy, style and a deep affection for a place that became more than a destination.

As she says goodbye, Julie Chung carries with her not just memories but the very essence of the island: the warmth of its people, the quiet beauty of its moments, and a grace that will remain long after she has left. With an international career spanning Asia, Latin America, the Middle East and Washington D.C., she embodies modern diplomacy—polished, perceptive and quietly powerful. She leaves Colombo shaped by its people, moments and connections.

Q: Ambassador, as your tenure in Sri Lanka comes to a close, what moments during your posting stand out the most for you personally and professionally?

A: Celebrating the 75th anniversary of our bilateral relationship was a watershed moment and a time to reflect upon all that we’ve accomplished together- from maritime security partnerships to trade to youth engagement. Opening a beautiful, new U.S. Embassy building was also a highlight, a place where we could really come together and build a community, host our American Centre, and a physical symbol of our efforts to deepen our presence in Sri Lanka. A personal highlight was scuba diving at various wreck sites, including the Godawaya shipwreck from which artifacts were preserved through the U.S. Ambassadors Fund for Cultural Preservation, and marveling at the underwater heritage of Sri Lanka.

Q: How would you describe your overall experience living and working in Sri Lanka?

A: I’ve seen many challenges and difficulties that Sri Lanka has gone through during my tenure, but so much joy, resilience, and pride too. Sri Lankans are very proud of their tourism sites, foods, and cultural heritage- and rightfully so! I saw my role as a bridge builder between our two countries professionally, and I absorbed everything I could personally as well to delve into Sri Lankan culture. And the food–anyone who knows me knows that I have traversed the island trying and loving the amazing food here. From Jaffna crab to lamprais, I am going to go through serious spice withdrawal when I leave. My family enjoyed exploring so much of Sri Lanka with me, and even Martha, my dog loved her walks around Colombo!

Batik U.S. flag created by U.S. Embassy staff

Q What challenges did you face in strengthening US-Lanka relations and how were they overcome?

A: One of the challenges was to overcome misperceptions and misinformation about the United States and personal attacks on me. Holding this position invites a lot of attention and scrutiny, and I got my fair share of that while navigating through the public spotlight. I tried to share my personal stories, relay official positions clearly, and be authentic to the Sri Lankan public, not just as an ambassador but as a human being, a wife, and mother. I sought to engage directly with many communities across the island, not just government-to-government but truly people-to-people, speaking directly with farmers, entrepreneurs, students, speaking to them on my role and the United States role in Sri Lanka. It was not always easy, but I appreciated the candidness of everyone I met. As a Christian, it was also important for me to find places of worship to have fellowship which helped me stay faithful and resilient during the challenging times.

Q: Can you share an example of a cultural exchange, a people-to-people initiative that particularly resonated with you?

A: The return of the Peace Corps to Sri Lanka after a long hiatus was one of my proudest moments. I met young Americans willing to put in the work to learn Sinhala and Tamil, assimilate with local families, teach English at local schools—and in the process, learn from their students, too. It goes to the heart of what the Peace Corps was created to do–bringing Americans and communities together through service, learning, and shared understanding.

Q: Sri Lanka is known for its vibrant culture. Did your experience here influence your personal life or style?

A: I loved learning about the arts in Sri Lanka. I’ve attended the annual Kala Pola art fair where I could interact with both seasoned and up and coming artists and made a few purchases myself. I learned about Sri Lanka’s unique batik making culture and integrated various modern takes to batik design in clothes I wear. Our embassy community visited Sonali Dharmawardena’s batik workshop to learn first-hand about batik making and created a beautiful American flag artwork that hangs inside our embassy now.

Q: Who were your favourite designers or fashion experiences that stood out to you during your time here?

A I’ve loved admiring and showcasing so many talented local designers here, who also became my close friends. I consider them artists more than designers because it really is artistry and it comes from their hearts, reflecting who they are as individuals. Sonali Dharmawardhana, Charini Suriyage, Darshi Keerthisena, Kamil Hewavitharana, and Sammani Pathiranagama have been some of my favorites! I leave with a very full suitcase and I can’t wait to share my love of Sri Lankan design with Americans.

Q How did participating in Sri Lanka’s cultural and social events help in strengthening diplomatic relationships?

Two U.S. C-130s supported cyclone Ditwah response by transporting donated goods across the country

A Diplomacy is not just about having official meetings but diving into a country’s culture and personality; it provides us a deeper understanding and at the same time offers an opportunity to share the immense richness of American culture as well. When we invited our sports diplomacy ambassadors and arts envoys to come to Sri Lanka, it created avenues for more people-to-people connections. Every conversation I had, every trip I took, and every photo I snapped created that tapestry that led to my love for Sri Lanka. I took part in Sri Lanka’s social and cultural events while also creating opportunities for others to engage with American arts and culture.

Q: Were there moments in Colombo’s social scene that brought you joy or surprise?

A: I really enjoyed attending the Royal Thomian cricket match! It was my first ever cricket match and was so exciting to see the fans, the festive mood, and I joined along with the dancing, too. It was nice to see people from all walks of life and political factions come together in such a way for the love of the game.

Q: What memory of Sri Lanka will you carry with you forever?

A: One memory I will always carry with me is how Sri Lankans came together to support one another during the tragic period following Cyclone Ditwah. I was deeply moved by the compassion and solidarity shown at the community level. When we were able to offer $2 million in humanitarian aid and bring two C130 airplanes to deliver supplies, it really made me proud. Personally taking part in some of those flights and talking to the military forces and local communities was memorable. As a diplomat, I believe it’s important we get involved hands-on and not just watch from afar. Seeing Americans and Sri Lankans working side by side, physically unloading goods off of our planes was a powerful reminder that in difficult moments, our partnership is strongest, and that the friendship between our two countries is built on ordinary people and shared values.

Q: If you could relive one day of your tenure here, which day would it be and why?

A: It would be to climb back up to the peak of Sri Pada again with my husband and see the sun rising above the mountains and the shadows of the temple, and take in the natural glory of that moment in such a special cultural place. It was not just the natural beauty, but the friendliness of the pilgrims and fellow climbers who encouraged each other, even me, as I took on that climb. Moments along the journey—sharing a cup of tea or listening to someone’s story—kept me energized.

Q: What are the strongest impressions of Sri Lanka that you will take back with you?

A: Sri Lanka is such a diverse island- from its landscape and tourism sites to its religions, ethnicities, and cuisines. I say this often, it is a magical island that bursts with passion, energy, and a richness that makes every part of the country feel distinct yet deeply connected. I travelled throughout Sri Lanka, by boats, cars, planes, and trains – the sounds, smells, and beauty will stay with me forever.

Q: How would you describe the spirit of the Sri Lankan people to friends and colleagues abroad?

A: The spirit of Sri Lankans is definitely something I’ve come to learn about and admire so much – it goes beyond resilience during tough periods and is reflected in the humor and creativity of its people and traditions. That can be seen through the arts, literature, and even political cartoons. The Sri Lankan people are amazing and have given me memories that will last a lifetime. I am grateful for my time here and will carry it with me always.

By Zanita Careem ✍️

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Gilded glamour at Grand Kandyan

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Celebrations with grandeur

The Grand Kandyan transformed into a sanctuary of elegance this past New Year’s Eve, hosting a spectacular gala dinner dance that seamlessly blended tradition with high-energy celebration.

From the moment guests arrived, they were swept into a world of luxury. The hotel and ballroom were meticulously decorated, setting a festive tone that promised an unforgettable night. The evening commenced with a sophisticated cocktail hour in the lobby, where guests mingled before being ushered into the majestic Royal Peacock Ballroom for the main event.

A Symphony of Black and Gold

The ballroom was a sight to behold, draped in a striking theme of black and gold. The color palette exuded sophistication, providing a glittering backdrop for the night’s festivities.

Lavish international buffet

Taking charge of the evening’s proceedings was the charismatic Javed Bongso, whose expert compering kept the energy high. The musical heartbeat of the night was provided by the popular band Lunu Dehi, whose infectious performance immediately filled the dance floor. As the night progressed, DJ Harsha took over the decks, keeping the crowd moving with a seamless mix of floor-fillers.

Prizes and Pageantry

The gala was punctuated by moments of excitement and engagement. Beyond the music, guests participated in:

Multiple Raffle Draws: Featuring a variety of high-value prizes.

Interactive Games: Engaging the audience and adding a touch of playful competition.

Grand Giveaways: Ensuring many guests walked away with more than just memories.

A highlight of the evening was the prestigious crowning of the “Grand Kandyan Queen,” a moment of true pageantry that added a layer of classic glamour to the night’s program.

A Culinary Masterpiece

No celebration at The Grand Kandyan would be complete without a culinary showcase. Guests were treated to a lavish international buffet, specifically decorated for the occasion.

A Global Family Celebration

The Grand Kandyan hotel General Manager, . Thusith Samaraweera, remarked on how wonderful it was to see a vibrant mixture of local and foreign guests coming together. He noted that seeing everyone ushering in the New Year alongside the “Grand Kandyan family” was the perfect embodiment of the hotel’s spirit of hospitality.

The night concluded as a resounding success, marking the start of 2026 with style, spirit, and community.

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“Best International Hotel for Weddings” at Travel+Leisure India’s Best Awards 2025

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Saman Villa

Jetwing Saman Villas, part of Jetwing Luxury Reserves, has been awarded “Best International Hotel for Weddings” at the 14th edition of Travel+Leisure India & South Asia’s Best Awards, held on December 16, 2025, in New Delhi. This prestigious accolade celebrates the resort’s exceptional ability to create unforgettable wedding experiences, placing Sri Lanka firmly on the global map as a leading destination for romance.

The annual India’s Best Awards, driven by reader votes, honours excellence across the travel spectrum, from hotels and destinations to wellness retreats and culinary experiences. This year’s theme, “Passports to Possibility,” highlighted the transformative power of travel and brought together global hospitality leaders for an evening of recognition and inspiration.

Perched on a dramatic cliff overlooking the Indian Ocean, the 27-suite resort is Sri Lanka’s pioneering luxury boutique hotel and a haven for intimate celebrations. The property offers one of the most unique settings on the island: a garden on a rock surrounded by nothing but incredible ocean views. From pre-wedding rituals to gourmet receptions, the property specializes in intimate weddings that feel truly exclusive and deeply personal. Beyond the ceremony, Jetwing Saman Villas doubles as an idyllic honeymoon retreat, offering luxurious private-pool suites, indulgent spa rituals, and romantic dining experiences under starlit skies, making it the perfect beginning to a lifelong journey together.

“We are truly honoured to bring this recognition to Sri Lanka,” said Hashan Cooray, Director of Marketing and Development at Jetwing Hotels. “As the country’s first and leading boutique hotel, this award reinforces Sri Lanka’s true potential as a premier destination for romance and weddings.”

Farrel Blom, General Manager of Jetwing Saman Villas, added, “Weddings are deeply personal, and for us, it’s never just about one evening, but it’s about creating an experience that feels like home. Many couples stay with us for several days, allowing us to be part of their story. Seeing them return for holidays and hearing their heartfelt feedback is the greatest reward.”

With a legacy spanning over half a century in the tourism industry, Jetwing Hotels has established itself as a pioneer in curating unique experiences and offering the best of legendary Sri Lankan hospitality, with the values of passion, humility, tenacity, and the spirit of family being at its core. As a family-owned brand, Jetwing Hotels continues to be a leading advocate for sustainability and responsible tourism, with ongoing initiatives focused on community upliftment, environmental conservation, and resource efficiency. With over 35 properties across the island, the brand’s diverse portfolio includes a range of Luxury Reserves, Premium Hotels, Select Hotels, and Essentials, each offering a unique perspective on Sri Lanka’s rich cultural heritage and natural beauty.

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