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The many faces of betel leaf

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by Randima Attygalle

A motif of prosperity, new beginnings and goodwill, the betel leaf interlaces the multi-cultural Sri Lankan society. Bulath in Sinhalese and Vettilai in Tamil, this glossy heart-shaped leaf of cultural and religious connotations, is an ‘evergreen presence’ at many a moment of Lankan lives. Among the 40 leaves of the standard betel sheaf or bulath hurulla lie a sense of welcome, reverence, renewed family ties, forgiveness and blessings.

Be it the first glimpse of a future wife-to-be over a bulath heppuwa (betel tray) offered by her, a mark of respect to village weda mahattaya, invoking the blessings of a parent, teacher or an elder, first business transaction for the new year, deheth watti offered to the priests, customs at weddings, rituals at the temple or kovil, betel is ubiquitous.

Legend has it that the betel leaf originated in the mythical land of nagas and was brought to the world of humans by a cobra or a nagaya holding the leaf by its tip. This belief renders it the name nagavalli or snake creeper in Telegu. Interestingly, betel chewers discard the tip and the stalk of the leaf before they chew it. This evergreen climber is believed to have been introduced to us and other South Asian countries by the Chinese and Arab merchants who brought it from Malaysia and the surrounding East Asian region.

Apart from its significance in religious canon including jataka stories, betel is mentioned in historical sources such as Mahabharatha, Mahavansa and Ramayana, says Senarath Wickramasinghe, Deputy Director (Cultural), Department of National Museums. Stone inscription in Mihintale, according to Wickramasinghe, is one of the earliest historical sources of ours which alludes to betel by its reference to deheth offered to the priests. “Sharing of betel and its accompanying condiments of dried tobacco, slake lime or chunam and arecanut for a chew remains a cultural expression of friendship and brotherhood in traditional Sri Lankan social life,” says Wickramasinghe. A carefully arranged betel tray along with these condiments in the open verandah of a village home is an invitation to any visitor to have a chew. Today it is a diminishing sight and the other essentials once associated with betel chewing have become things of the past.

The betel bags (bulath malu), chunam boxes (hunu killotaya), betel tray (hepppuwa) and arecanut slicer (giraya) were elaborately designed reflecting the skill of the ancient Sri Lankan artisan. “While chunam boxes from Anuradhapura and Polonnaruwa periods have been found, the oldest betel bags intricately embroidered, date back to the Kandyan period,” says the Museum official who goes onto note that while the nobility used betel trays cast in bronze or brass, the ordinary folk used a tray made out of reed called ‘kooru adiya.’ The chunam boxes found either in copper or brass were also ornamented. The giraya often made in brass was embellished with native fauna and flora patterns. Its head was designed in various shapes including that of a woman in a greeting position.

The royals and aristocrats had their attendants carrying their betel related paraphernalia including the spittoon (padikkama) and the betel pounder or bulath wangediya. The colonial historians too record this local indulgence in their work. The water colour painting of the betel leaf by the Dutch painter Jan Brandes in his work, The World of Jan Brandes 1743-1808 and the illustration of a local Catholic woman going to church accompanied by a maid carrying a betel box and a spittoon in Illustrations and views of Dutch Ceylon 1602-1796 are among these records.

More than an indulgence, betel is today one of our major exports, Pakistan being the largest importer. Middle East, Canada, USA, Japan, UK, Australia, Norway and Germany are among the other leading importers. The other major betel growing countries are India, Thailand and Bangladesh.

“Even though the betel leaves contain different types of important chemicals, no value added betel products are reported from any of these importing countries. Almost all the countries import betel for chewing purposes as there is a considerable immigrant population of betel chewers in them,” says Dr. H.M.P.A Subasinghe, Director (Research), Inter-cropping and Betel Research Station, Department of Export Agriculture (DEA). The betel quid, as Subasinghe further explains is of different types with condiments which accompany it varying from country to country. The betel quid has regional differences as well he says. Cloves and cardamom are sometimes added to the quid of tobacco with lime and arecanut.

While betel is grown across the island, the export quality crop of thick dark green known as Kalu bulath is found in Kurunegala, Gampaha, Kegalle, Kalutara and Colombo districts. Different cultivars are grown by farmers including Mahamaneru, Kudamaneru, Ratadalu, Galdalu and Gatathodu. For commercial purposes, Mahamaneru and Ratadalu are the most commonly grown. The Inter-cropping and Betel Research Station of the DEA, through a series of plant breeding programmes, had released two high yielding varieties with high quality parameters named Naram mali and Naram rathi.

Betel Leaf Blight (BLB) disease is the most feared in betel cultivation. “This could destroy an entire cultivation within a few weeks,” explains Subasinghe who notes that research is in progress to evaluate different traditional treatments used by farmers to fight the disease.

Several value-added betel products have already been located by the Betel Research Station, its Director said. Betel flavoured sweets, betel oil, mosquito repellents, sticks and creams, betel mixed shampoo, betel mixed herbal tea and a betel drink are among them. Research is also underway to develop toothpaste, mouthwash, face cream, anti-tick lotion, anti-tick powder, wound healing creams, cold drinks, chocolates, incense sticks, appetizers, digestive agents and tonics. “These value added products can boost the marketability of betel and create new prospects in the industry,” notes Subasinghe.

Betel is also rich in medicinal properties. The potential for betel-based anti-diabetic and gastro protective drugs are many says the scientist. “Anti-fungal, anti-bacterial and anti-protozoan properties of betel can kill or inhibit some bacteria which cause diseases such as typhoid, cholera and tuberculosis. Its antioxidant properties have a cancer preventive effect. Research has also revealed that betel oil is rich in healing properties. Betel leaves can also prevent indigestion, bronchitis, constipation, congestion, coughs and asthma.”

 

(Pic credit Department of Export Agriculture and Department of National Museums)



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Life style

The letter that revealed the man behind the legend

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As the world celebrates the 100th birthday of Sir David Attenborough, tributes continue to pour in from scientists, conservationists, filmmakers, and millions of admirers whose lives were shaped by the legendary natural historian’s work.

But among the many messages shared this week, one deeply personal reflection from renowned Sri Lankan-born scientist Dr. Ruchira Somaweera has captured the true essence of the man behind the iconic voice.

“We all have people we look up to and hope to be like one day,” Dr. Somaweera wrote in a moving tribute marking Attenborough’s centenary. “For me, one of those people has always been Sir David Attenborough.”

The story dates back to 2013, when a BBC⁠ documentary crew visited to explore Dr. Somaweera’s pioneering work on freshwater crocodiles for a potential wildlife series. Although his research ultimately did not make it into the final production, the encounter led to something far more meaningful.

Through members of the crew, Dr. Somaweera sent Attenborough a card expressing gratitude for the profound influence he had on three generations of his family.

“What I never expected,” he recalled, “was to receive a handwritten letter from him just two weeks later, thanking me for the kind words.”

For Dr. Somaweera, the gesture revealed something extraordinary about Attenborough — not merely the global icon known to billions, but a deeply gracious and humble human being who still took time to personally respond to admirers, despite decades of worldwide fame.

“It said so much about the man behind the legend,” he reflected.

That quiet act of kindness perhaps explains why Attenborough’s influence extends far beyond television screens. Across nearly eight decades, he has become not only the world’s most recognisable natural history broadcaster, but also one of the most trusted voices in science communication and conservation advocacy.

From Life on Earth to Planet Earth, Blue Planet and countless other landmark productions, Attenborough transformed the way humanity sees the natural world.

He brought remote rainforests, coral reefs, deserts, mountains, and deep oceans into living rooms around the globe, inspiring generations to care about ecosystems they might never physically encounter.

Few communicators have bridged science and emotion with such extraordinary power.

For Sri Lankan scientists and conservationists, Attenborough’s impact has been especially profound. Many grew up watching his documentaries, developing an early fascination with wildlife through his storytelling.

Dr. Somaweera’s own career reflects that inspiration. Widely respected for his work on crocodilians, reptiles, and conservation biology, he has become an internationally recognised scientist whose research has contributed significantly to understanding freshwater ecosystems and reptile conservation.

Yet even accomplished scientists, it seems, can remain awestruck by the people who first ignited their curiosity.

The timing of Dr. Somaweera’s tribute also resonates strongly, following recent screenings of Attenborough’s powerful documentary Ocean, including an exclusive showing hosted by Spa Ceylon⁠ at SCOPE Cinema.

In the film, Attenborough reflects on humanity’s relationship with the sea with a sense of urgency sharpened by a lifetime of observation.

“After living for nearly 100 years on this planet,” he says, “I now understand the most important place on Earth is not on land, but at sea.”

The documentary explores the astonishing biodiversity of oceans while warning against destructive practices, such as industrial bottom trawling, climate change, and marine habitat destruction. But even amid alarming realities, Attenborough continues to offer hope grounded in science and collective action.

That enduring optimism may be one reason why his influence spans generations.

“Happy 100th birthday to a true giant of science communication, storytelling and conservation advocacy,” Dr. Somaweera wrote in his tribute. “The impact you have had on the world, and on countless young minds, is immeasurable.”

Indeed, for millions around the world, Attenborough’s voice became synonymous with wonder itself.

He taught humanity that the planet is not merely scenery, but a living system of intricate relationships — forests breathing for oceans, coral reefs feeding fisheries, plankton generating oxygen, predators maintaining balance, and every species playing a role in the fragile architecture of life.

At 100, Sir David Attenborough remains more than a broadcaster.

He is a witness to a changing planet. A storyteller for the natural world. And for many scientists like Dr. Ruchira Somaweera, a lifelong inspiration whose greatest legacy may lie not only in the documentaries he created, but in the curiosity, compassion, and responsibility he awakened in others.

By Ifham Nizam

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Two hearts, one ocean

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At the press conference hosted by Manipal Hospitals at Kingsbury Hotel, where the historic Sri Lanka-India Ocean Water Swim was unveiled, spotlighting endurance and cross border unity

The first Lanka-India swim by a couple

Bengali couple,Vrushali Prasade and Danish Abdi, created history by undertaking the first ever Sri Lanka-India Ocean Water Swim, reflecting not only athlete excellence and endurance but also the deep rooted cultural and historical connection between India and Sri Lanka.

Sharing their thoughts, before the event, Vrushali Prasade and Danish Abdi expressed enthusiasm about their challenges. “We are excited to take this unique expedition and are proud to align it with a message of health and wellness. This expedition stands as a powerful symbol of unity.

The first even Sri Lanka-India Ocean Water Swim, presented by Manipal Hospitals, is not just another event, it is a bold endurance crossing of geography, grit and shared history between Sri Lanka and India.

This message was unfolded at a press conference held at the Kingsbury Hotel, before the event, by the officials of the giant Manipal Hospitals. The spotlight, however, firmly rested on the two swimmers, a couple, who brought this vision to life.

Vrushali Prasade and her husband Danish Abdi, in their 30s from Bengal are working in the IT industry. They learnt swimming only about four years ago, after first taking to waters during a holiday in the Maldives. The Island met them before their historic attempt.

Poised yet quietly determined, the swimmers embodied the spirit of the challenges ahead, At the press conference they spoke on true discipline, preparations and mental strength required to take on such a historic crossing.

Manipal Hospitals, India’s largest Pan Multi Speciality Hospital, are the main sponsors , symbolically connecting the two nations, India and Sri Lanka, through sport, healthcare and shared ambition.

The couple had previously swam the Indian Ocean as part of the rally but the recent Indian Ocean swim is their first solo couple effort and the longest. They were assisted by multiple boats, alongside paramedics and coast guards.

The Chief Operating Officer, Manipal Health Enterprise Karthik Rajagopal said this historic swim reflects not only athlete excellence and endurance, but also the deep rooted cultural and historical connection between the two countries, The swimmers Vrushali and Danish Abdi said, before the event: ” Swimming is for all ages whether you are a kid or a matured person, it is never too late to start for any age group. When asked about their challenges of undertaking such a historic feat, they said. “The Palk Strait is no gentle stretch of water, its currents are unpredictable, its tides restless . Unlike the the controlled calm of a swimming pool, the sea offers no guarantee, one moment they may bring a steady rhythm, the next, a surge that breaks it entirely. But we are excited to take on this unique expedition and proud to resonate the message of health and wellness to the world’

Fatigue, inevitably becomes a companion and also long hours in open water test not just muscle strength but mental resilience. Jellyfish often drift with currents making the calm swim into a painful endurance test.

“With limited visibility, we can suddenly brush against tentacles, turning a steady rhythm into a moment of sharp pain. In the vast unpredictability of the ocean, we have to chose whatever the sea offers.”

Vrushali Prasade and Danish Abdi: The young Bengali couple who conquered the ocean

They also said the route across the Palk Strait is deceptively complex. Though relatively shallow, those waters are known for shifting currents, strong tidal pulls and unpredictable winds. We cannot rely on a straight path, we move guided by pilots on escort boats who constantly adjust the direction based on the sea conditions. Then we have the unpredictability of the sea itself. Floating debris, sudden weather shifts and there is no wall to hold onto, no pause button only the rhythm of our stroke and breath. Vrushali and Danish expressed enthusiasm about these challenges . We are very excited to overcome all these challenges.’

‘Our decision, however, to take on the challenging stretch across the Palk strait is rooted in more than a personal achievement, said the couple. They spoke of the partnership aspect of the swim calling it both their biggest strength and unique challenge.

Behind the drama of the sea and the determination of the swimmers, lies a quieter crucial force,the medical backbone. As title sponsor, Manipal Hospitals was not merely lending its name to this event. They actively shaped the safety framework that make such a ambitious feat possible.

Manipal Hospitals is the largest Pan India Speciality Hospital network by bed capacity, boasting over 12,300. It is known for its expert medical expertise multi speciality care and commitment to patient centric care and also well connected to Sri Lanka’s medical and patient community especially for spine and oncology services.

Medical teams were stationed on escort boats equipped to respond instantly to issues ranging from hydration and hypothermia to jellyfish stings or muscle cramps. All in all the hospital’s participation underscores a broader message, promoting health, endurance sports and cross border collaboration.

In the end what the couple did places them in the same conversation as some of the world’s most daring open water swimmers, those who have conquered icy channels relentless tides and vast strong winds.

As the couple moved through the waters of the Palk Strait, their journey becomes a powerful metaphor for the relationship between Sri Lanka and India, two neighbours bound by history, culture and shared oceans. It is a quiet but powerful gesture of goodwill, reminding that while seas may separate lands, they can also bring them together.

By Zanita Careem

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Galle Face Hotel introduces “La Sérénité”

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Young invitees bringing new energy and elegance

Limited-Time Saturday Brunch at 1864 Limited Edition

The spirit of leisurely weekend dining came alive recently as La Sérénité Saturday Brunch unfolded in elegant style at 1864 Limited Edition at the iconic Galle Face Hotel.Set against the timeless charm of Colombo’s most historic seaside hotel. guests were treated to an indulgent culinary afternoon where sophistication, flavour and oceanfront glamour blended seamlessly.

The heritage charm of Galle Face Hotel, with its polished floors, high ceilings and whisper of history, created a backdrop that is both grand and intimate.Within this setting the brunch emerges not just as a culinary offering but as a carefully orchestrated experience. At the heart of this orchestration was the vision of the General Manager Suresh Abbas. A veteran in the hotel industry, under his leadership, the culinary team delivered a menu for selected invitees, a menu that balanced European finess with contemporary flair .

From gourmet seafood and international delicacies to locally inspired creations and decadent desserts, the spread offered a luxurious journey for discerning brunch lovers.

The GM’s influence is most visible in the intangible details, The curated menu, personalised service and elegant ambience all echoed the hotel’s dedication to offering memorable gastronic experience.The brunch remained international in character while still grounded in place.

La Sérénité, a thoughtfully conceived brunch experience, at 1864 Limited Edition, brings together a sense of calm, continuity, and culinary storytelling within one of the city’s most enduring landmarks.

Set against the pace of a restless world, La Sérénité is designed as a quiet counterpoint, an invitation to pause, to gather, and to ease into the weekend with intention. Since 1864, Galle Face Hotel has existed within this paradox, offering a sense of stillness and reassurance even as the world around it has continually evolved. This brunch extends that legacy, creating a space where time softens, conversation flows unhurriedly, and presence takes precedence.

At its core, La Sérénité is not only about the experience of slowing down, but also about the stories we return to through food. The menu is conceived as a subtle journey through culinary history, drawing from moments across continents and generations, where dishes have been shaped by instinct, refinement, and time.

There is a quiet familiarity in this approach. Classics are not reimagined for novelty, but carefully refined, preserving their essence while elevating their form. The experience moves between contrast and balance, simplicity and indulgence, tradition and gentle reinterpretation. In doing so, it offers something both recognised and rediscovered.

In this way, La Sérénité becomes more than a brunch. It is a curated timeline of taste, an experience that brings together memory, familiarity, and thoughtful refinement within a setting that invites calm.

Presented as a limited-time experience, La Sérénité commenced on 2nd May and takes place every Saturday at 1864 Limited Edition.

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