Features
The Goal of Buddhist Life
by Bhante Ethkandawaka Saddhajeewa,
Vice President, Bhavana Society
Some people consider Buddhism to be a philosophy; some view it as a religion; some think of it as a way of life. Whichever way they view it, it doesn’t matter. If we want to learn and benefit from the Buddha’s teaching, we must study it, we have to apply it, we have to investigate it thoroughly.
The Buddha’s teaching expresses universal truth. This truth is absolute. Buddhism doesn’t belong to a particular group of people, country, or region; it is for all human beings who can think and reason. In the Dhamma Niyamata sutta in the Anguttara Nikaya, the Buddha said, “whether tathagatas appear or do not appear, there is this established element of Dhamma, this fixed law of Dhamma… A Tathagata fully awakens to this, and fully understands it. So awakened and understanding, he announces, pointing out, declares, establishes, expounds, explains, and clarifies.” Whether the Buddha is alive or not, the teaching exists because it articulates the truth about the nature of the world. The Buddha’s task was to rediscover the truth that had been covered over.
The Buddha was an investigator, researcher, and teacher. His goal was to understand the nature of the world; that is likewise the goal for one following the Buddha’s teaching. According to the Buddha’s teaching, the nature of the world is cyclical. We can’t find a starting point or ending point. By breaking that repetitive cycle, one is able to fulfill the goal of Buddhism: liberation. Furthermore, there are three characteristic aspects of our world: impermanence, suffering, and non-self. Those who develop this understanding of the real nature of the world can eliminate their mental defilements. By doing so, a person can then experience a superior quality of life. The Buddha’s guidance can help us, but we have to realize this nature by ourselves. The Buddha was a teacher, not a savior. The opportunity and methods to learn and practice are offered, but it is then up to us whether we utilize that opportunity with a clear mind.
As people born into this world, we have to do three things to fulfill our goal as Buddhists: Do no harm, do only good, and purify our mind. According to this teaching, first we have to understand what we should not do. According to the Middle Length discourse, the Ambalattika Rahulovada Sutta, if there is something that is harmful to me, harmful to others, or harmful to both, that is an action we must refrain from. So, to avoid doing harm, we have to observe precepts, we have to engage in moral conduct at all times. The precepts will help us to develop morality and will provide a virtuous environment for our lives. By living in that virtuous environment, we can practice generosity to reduce our desire, anger, and ignorance. Secondly, if there is something useful to me, useful to others, and useful to both, that is an action we should do. Thirdly, to control our senses, we have to develop our mind. This means reducing mental defilements and developing a wholesome mind. The most effective way to accomplish this is to practice meditation. By practicing meditation, we can cultivate our mind. These three activities connect directly with morality, concentration, and wisdom. And developing wisdom is the goal of Buddhists.
One who follows the Buddha’s Noble Eightfold path needs to cultivate qualities based on three fundamental activities, which we call in Pali: Dana, Sila and Bhavana (Generosity, Morality, Meditation). Our fundamental Buddhist practices are to avoid killing, stealing, adultery, lying, and using drugs and alcohol. Through following these practices we can maintain a friendly and peaceful lifestyle. By maintaining concentration we can live mindfully. Mindfulness enables us to become aware of what we are doing moment-to-moment. Mindfulness is also a path for establishing concentration; and when we gain concentration we are also acquiring wisdom.
The Dhammapada states: “There is no concentration without wisdom, no wisdom without concentration. One who has both concentration and wisdom is close to peace and emancipation.” By developing wisdom, we can think deeply and widely about our physical, verbal, and mental actions. We can see clearly what results our actions will bring. We know this present life and can anticipate the future. By understanding kamma (mindful action) and the effect of kamma, we are living as Buddhists, whatever religion or ethnicity we may belong to. This means anyone can be a Buddhist if they apply this method to their life. Being born into a Buddhist family does not make you a Buddhist practitioner. If you go to a temple, stay with monks, and worship the Buddha, that does not make you a follower of the Buddha; but if you live mindfully, avoiding harmful activities, you can truly be a disciple of the Buddha. We find in the Dhammapada Panditavagga stanzas 10 and 11: “There are few among humans who go to the further shore; The rest of them run about here on this shore. But those well established in Dhamma, those who practice Dhamma, are among those who will cross over beyond the realm of death so difficult to escape.”
Shakyamuni Gautama became the Buddha – one who is awakened — after his enlightenment. He was a teacher who founded Buddhism 2,600 years ago in India. The Buddha advised his monks to take his teachings as their guide after his death, in place of him. Even today we do not have a world leader of Buddhism. Our leader is the Buddha’s teaching, the Dhamma. However, we do have a Buddhist community (sangha) leaders. They lead only the community, not the dispensation, nor do they advocate relaxing the rules of the Buddha. Therefore, no one can change or edit the Buddha’s teaching. Buddhists have confidence in his teaching based on knowledge instead of belief. They use wisdom and not blind faith. They don’t depend on a superpower or on divine messengers.
Following the teaching means, as stated in the Karaniya Metta sutta: one should be able, straight, upright, obedient, gentle, and humble.” In addition Buddhist practitioners should “be lamps unto themselves” and apply determination, mindfulness, pure conduct, prudence, self-restraint, right living and vigilance. Those who apply this method directly in their lives find that their good reputation increases, and they go from brightness to brightness. The Buddha gave the following explanation to Mahaprapathi Gotami, who was his step-mother, in the Gotami Sutta regarding what is Dhamma and what is not Dhamma: “As for the qualities of which you, Gotami may know, these qualities lead to dispassion, not to passion, to being unfettered, not to being fettered; to self-effacement, not to self-aggrandizement; to modesty, not to overwhelming ambition; to contentment, not to discontentment; to seclusion, not to entanglement; to arousal of energy, not to laziness; to being unburdensome, not to being burdensome.” The Buddha said this is the Dhamma, this is Vinaya, this is the teacher’s instruction. So, we can likewise develop these qualities, understanding what is Dhamma and what is not Dhamma.
On Vesak, we celebrate three occasions of the Buddha’s life: The day prince Siddhartha was born, the day he awakened to the truth and became the Buddha, and the day he finished his life journey. As followers of the Buddha, this day is significant for us. We can gain right views from his teaching and attain the goal of liberation by walking his path.
Features
The Division Bell Mystery
Tales of Mystery and Suspense 3
The murder, in a private dining room in the house, is of a financier with whom the government was negotiating a loan. When this seemed difficult the Minister of Home Affairs agreed to lead discussions, since he had known Mr Oissel the financier when they were young. Hence the private dinner, but when the Minister stepped out for a vote, Oissel was shot just as the Division Bell rang.
The Brahms and Simon detective novels, the first of which I wrote about last week, were amongst several books by the pair that Robert Scoble gave me when I was in Australia towards the end of last year. Amongst them was another thriller of a very different sort, though that too was written and set between the wars.
Called The Division Bell Mystery, it was set in the House of Commons, the first such book I believe, and was by Ellen Wilkinson, a Labour MP who became Minister of Education in Attlee’s government after the war, having served previously as Parliamentary Private Secretary to several ministers. Her hero Robert West is also a PPS, but a conservative, and his Minister, of Home Affairs, is an old style aristocrat, not much loved by the less orthodox Prime Minister, who nevertheless needs his support on many occasions.
The murder, in a private dining room in the house, is of a financier with whom the government was negotiating a loan. When this seemed difficult the Minister of Home Affairs agreed to lead discussions, since he had known Mr Oissel the financier when they were young. Hence the private dinner, but when the Minister stepped out for a vote, Oissel was shot just as the Division Bell rang.
West was just outside the door when the shot was heard, and when he opened it saw only the dead body with a revolver beside it. The assumption that this was suicide was however challenged by Oissel’s grand-daughter Annette, who was his heir, on the grounds that he would never have killed himself. But her view was given greater credence by the Inspector put in charge of the case who said there were no burn marks on the body which would have been the case had Oissel fired the pistol himself.
Matters are complicated by the fact that Oissel’s flat had been burgled while he was at dinner, and Jenks the policeman allocated to him, who had served the Home Secretary and seemed more acceptable to Oissel than someone from the Security Service, had been killed. Matters get even more complicated when Annette says her grand-father’s notebook in which he wrote his secrets in cipher was missing.
That was found in Jenks’ pocket, and then a photographer came to West to say he had been asked by Jenks to photograph this. More worryingly for West, he finds in the Home Secretary’s drawer a few pages from the notebook with what appears to be an interpretation of the cipher.
Overwhelmed by all this he confides in a recently created peer who knows all about the business world, who insists that they leave the house party at which they had met over dinner and discuss the matter with the Prime Minister who promptly summons the Home Secretary.
But the Home Secretary had gone to Scotland to launch a ship over the weekend, so the meeting could take place only on the morning of the Monday, when difficult questions were expected on the adjournment motion. He admits at the meeting that he had got Jenks to take the notebook, and also that he knew the code since it had been created by him and Oissel when they were young.
He thought he should resign, and even contemplated suicide, but the Prime Minister told him that that would be even worse for the government, and that he should go home to bed. The Prime Minister said that he himself would handle the question, which he did with aplomb, insisting that confidentiality was needed until the inquest. What had happened would be made clear then, he declared, leaving West and Inspector Blackit and Lord Dalbeattie what seemed the impossible task of solving the murder.
Dalbeattie had suggested that West ask a female Labour MP who was very fond of him to get what information she could from the staff. That there was some involvement there had become clear when West, going back late one night to collect a briefcase he had left in a dining room, found someone lurking in the dark in the corridor outside the private rooms. Room J, where the murder had happened, was meant to be guarded throughout by a policeman, but he had left the room having felt dizzy, and it seemed that his coffee had been drugged. West’s sudden appearance however had prevented anyone else getting into the room.
Dalbeattie decides to recreate the scene of the murder and has a dinner party in Room J on the Tuesday night, inviting West and Annette and the society hostess at whose house he had met, and also Patrick Kinnaird, an MP who was engaged to Annette, as well as the Permanent Secretary to the Home Ministry.
After coffee Inspector Blackit comes in with Grace, the Labour MP who had got the confidence of the staff, and a journalist who had also been helpful, and just as they say they think they are on the track the division bell rings. Grace jumps up and tells the Inspector that that provides the solution and they get a ladder, and sure enough find the revolver in the space where the bell is. Directed at the place where Oissel had sat, it had been primed to go off with the ringing of the bell. The waiter who had helped to set things up made clear who the murderer had been.
The reason for the murder and the confused motives of all those involved made for a fascinatingly intricate mix. But also impressive in the book were the descriptions of the isolation possible in the crowded premises of the house, the forceful characterization of the members – Grace based on the writer, the society hostess based on Nancy Astor, the first female MP – and the laid back nature of senior politicians which West realized had to change in the brave new world of high finance.
Features
The challenge of keeping value-based politics alive
The current outbreak of anti-immigrant protests in Durban, South Africa is bound to have taken many a subscriber to value-based politics or political idealism quite by surprise. After all, this is evidence that despite the historic accomplishments of nation-builders of the stature of the late President Nelson Mandela it cannot be taken for granted that identity politics, including racism in its worst forms, is no more in South Africa.
At the time of this writing details are scarce on the substantive root causes of the protests but it could very well be that economic grievances, particularly on the part of the majority community in South Africa, are contributing considerably to the disaffection. Shrinking employment and material prospects are likely to figure majorly among the factors igniting the unrest.
Fortunately, the local authorities in Durban are losing no time in calling for peaceful co-existence among the relevant communities and are pointing to the vital importance of stepping-up national integration processes. Apparently, immigrants in sizable numbers from neighbouring countries are present in Durban. However, international TV footage of the protests quoted some local authorities as saying that the majority of the immigrants in some centres that housed them were not illegal migrants and had the documents that entitle them to be in Durban.
In the Durban protests the world has fresh proof of the socially divisive consequences of the gathering globe-wide economic disaffection, touched off particularly by the continuing crisis in West Asia. Going ahead, the world would need to brace for increasing identity-based unrest of the kind it is just witnessing in South Africa.
Considering that the material lot of ordinary people everywhere could only aggravate progressively, with the US and Iran showing no signs of negotiating an end to their confrontation any time soon, it will be left to the more democratic and progressive sections of the world community to initiate positive measures collectively to bring a measure of relief to the discontented.
The swiftness with which such relief will be provided would depend crucially on the importance those sections taking up these undertakings attach to value-based politics as opposed to Realpolitik of power politics.
Going by these yardsticks, Italy could be considered to be moving in the right direction. Recently Italy came to the fore in initiating the collective named, ‘Rome Coalition for Food Security and Access to Fertilizer’, which has as one of its aims the swift provision of fertilizer to economically weak African countries.
In a recent statement Italian Minister of Foreign Affairs and International Cooperation, Antonio Tajani, said that a principal aim of the project was to ensure that the farmers of Africa gained easy access to fertilizer, considering that food security is a growing concern among some of Africa’s economically vulnerable countries.
The statement went on to mention that some 30 countries hailing from the Mediterranean region, the Middle East, the Balkans as well as the FAO had been invited to join the coalition. The venture is far-seeing in that food security is main among the reasons for social discontent which in turn could degenerate into endemic political turmoil and bloodshed. Separatist violence and geographical fragmentation of countries wouldn’t be too far behind these developments, as Africa itself has often proved.
It is hoped that more G7 countries would take the cue from Italy and do what they could to ease the hardships of economically distressed countries, particularly of the global South. In these efforts they would need to break rank with the US, which is today brutally indifferent to the consequences of its policy of making ‘America First’, come what may.
Going by current developments, the Trump administration seems to be blithely oblivious to the wider, deleterious effects of its policy course in West Asia. Besides rendering Iran militarily and otherwise impotent nothing else seems to matter to Washington, as regards West Asia. This is policy short-sightedness of an extreme kind. After all, right now West Asia could be said to be sitting on the proverbial powder keg.
On the other hand, Iran is not giving the world the impression that it is doing anything constructive to get out of the policy straitjacket that it wove for itself decades ago. Rather than enter into a policy of ‘live and let live’ in relation to Israel in particular and initiate a process of reconciliation with the latter, it has chosen to operate within policy parameters that continue to damn Israel. This has put Israel always on the ‘defensive’ so to speak and prevented the opening up of space for meaningful dialogue.
That said, Israel is obliged to explore the possibilities of entering into a negotiatory process with the Arab-Islamic world that could lead to a de-escalation of tensions and bloodshed. It cannot continue to look at its neighbours through lenses that distort them as archetypal enemies who should be ‘wiped off completely from the face of the earth.’
In other words, the need is urgent for Realpolitik to give way to value-based politicks. Italy is beginning to prove that the latter approach could be pursued with some success. May be the EU and the UK could throw their weight behind these initiatives as well and establish that international politics could be refashioned on the basis of humane, civilized norms. The UN would need to be fully supportive of these moves and prove an organizational nucleus of the operations that follow.
In fact the time is ripe for people of conscience to collectively stand up on the side of peace and say ‘No’ to war and violence. Organizations such as the ICRC, the WHO and Medicines Sans Frontiers have already taken up this call. Referring to the widespread destruction of health facilities and their dehumanizing results these organizations have said, among other things, that ‘This is not a failure of the law. It is a failure of political will.’
True, ‘failure of political will’ among those powers that matter accounts for the runaway, uncontrollable nature of war and destruction in contemporary times, but more fundamentally it is a failure of the human conscience. It could very well be that the phenomenal levels to which violence and war have been unleashed today have had the effect of deadening consciences. This is a matter for urgent study and wide discussion.
Features
Vesak celebrations … with Cuteefly
I would describe Indunil Kaushalya Dissanayaka as innovative and creative, and she operates under the name of Cuteefly.
Indunil always comes up with something novel to celebrate special occasions, and she does it with candles … and that’s her profession.
She was in the spotlight when she created a happening scene, with candles, for Christmas, Sinhala and Tamil New Year, and Valentine’s Day.
As lanterns light up Sri Lanka for Vesak, the Colombo-based candle maker is quietly turning wax and wick into little pieces of the festival.

Candles reflecting Vesak themes
Her candles reflect Vesak themes – light, peace, remembrance, giving, etc., to enable you to fill your Vesak celebration with devotion and beauty.
Among her Vesak creations is a lotus-shaped soy candle, scented with sandalwood, lavender, etc., meant to burn during this Vesak Poya Day.

Indunil Kaushalya Dissanayaka: Customers
praise her for her creativity
These handcrafted Vesak candles are perfect for offering at the temple, she says.
What makes her creations so novel is that they come in different shapes, scents, themes, and all are handmade.
What’s more, her customers have heaped praise on her for her creativity.
According to Indunil, her creations are perfect as a thoughtful gift … to bring beauty, unity, and light into every moment.
Says Indunil: “Our beautifully handcrafted Unity candles are designed with premium detail and love, making them perfect for celebrations, gifts, and meaningful occasions.”
Cuteefly, says Indunil, is available online.
Readers could contact Indunil on 0778506066 for more details.
He Facebook Page is: Cuteefly.

Handmade with love
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