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Sri Lanka: Repression of Civic Space Threatens Financial Reform

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Protesters in Colombo, Sri Lanka, March 14, 2023.

IMF Should Oppose Restrictions on Freedom of Expression, Civil Society Groups

(Washington, DC) – The International Monetary Fund (IMF) should urge Sri Lanka’s government to abandon draft legislation that would severely curtail civil society and jeopardize the IMF’s program in the country, Human Rights Watch said in a letter to the IMF that was released today. The proposed Non-Governmental Organizations (Registration and Supervision) Act is among several recent and planned measures that would curtail fundamental freedoms, despite the critical role of public scrutiny in promoting good governance and combatting corruption.

The IMF’s US$3 billion bailout of Sri Lanka – which is linked to government commitments to reform – helped stem the immediate economic crisis after the country defaulted on its foreign debt in 2022, but further progress is threatened by the adoption of laws by President Ranil Wickremesinghe’s administration that would severely restrict basic rights. The Online Safety Act, enacted in January, creates vague and broad speech-related offenses punishable with lengthy prison terms. The Anti-Terrorism Bill, currently before parliament, contains sweeping new speech-related offenses and arbitrary powers of arrest. And the draft law to regulate nongovernmental organizations could make independent civil society activity all but impossible in Sri Lanka.

“As the economy collapsed in 2022, Sri Lankans demanded good governance and an end to corruption, but instead now face draconian laws and policies that threaten human rights and undermine reforms,” said Meenakshi Ganguly, deputy Asia director at Human Rights Watch. “The protests helped bring President Wickremesinghe to power, but instead of listening to calls for change, he’s clamping down on peaceful dissent.”

A 2023 IMF study of Sri Lanka known as the Governance Diagnostic Assessment stated that “[a]nticorruption efforts are unlikely to achieve their objectives unless they also encompass initiatives designed and led by groups outside of government who are committed to rule-based inclusive economic and social progress.” However, the study found that civil society’s participation in oversight and monitoring of government actions has been “restricted by limited transparency, the lack of platforms for inclusive and participatory governance, and by broad application of counter-terrorism rules.” As a result, “opportunities for public participation and oversight of official behaviour, including by civil society, are increasingly restricted.”

The government on January 30, 2024, provided the draft NGO law to selected members of civil society, who were given three weeks to respond. The bill does not address any evident need, but instead seeks to subject civil society organizations to invasive government scrutiny and interference, and threatens civil society members with prison if they don’t comply with cumbersome administrative procedures.

The National Collective of CSOs and NGOs, a coalition of Sri Lankan civil society organizations, wrote to the government on February 28 that the proposed law would “violate the fundamental rights to freedom of association and expression,” while damaging the delivery of services by civil society organizations, including to “the many families who are struggling to make ends meet in the midst of severe economic hardship.”

The United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights, Volker Türk, in his March 1 update to the UN Human Rights Council on the crisis in Sri Lanka, said he was “concerned by the introduction of new or proposed laws with potentially far-reaching impact on fundamental rights and freedoms … which variously strengthen the executive, grant broad powers to the security forces, and severely restrict rights to freedom of assembly, association and expression, impacting not only on civic space but the business environment.”

The IMF should protect the credibility and efficacy of its program in Sri Lanka by publicly calling upon the government to abandon the proposed NGO law, impose a moratorium on use of the Online Safety Act, and amend the Anti-Terrorism Bill to ensure that it respects human rights standards, Human Rights Watch said.

“The IMF and other international partners supporting Sri Lanka’s economic recovery recognize that this crisis has its roots in misgovernance and corruption,” Ganguly said. “If their efforts are to be successful, they need to stand firm against the government’s attempts to curtail fundamental civil and political rights.”



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PM lays foundation stone for seven-storey Sadaham Mandiraya

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The foundation stone laying ceremony for the proposed seven-storey Sadaham Mandiraya at the historic Sri Jayewardenepura Kotte Rajamaha Viharaya was held on 03rd of January with the participation of Prime Minister Dr. Harini Amarasuriya.

The religious programme, organised to coincide with the Duruthu Full Moon Poya Day, commenced with the chanting of Seth Pirith by the Maha Sangha.

Subsequently, the Prime Minister participated in laying of the foundation stone, formally marking the commencement of construction of the seven-storey Sadaham Mandiraya.

The Sadaham Mandiraya will be constructed as a centre dedicated to the preservation of Buddhist heritage while providing Dhamma education and spiritual guidance for future generations.

The event was graced by the presence of Chief Incumbent of the Kotte Rajamaha Viharaya, Venerable Aluth Nuwara Anuruddha Thero, together with members of the Maha Sangha; and attended by the Deputy Minister of Industry and Entrepreneurship Development, Chathuranga Abeysinghe, local political representatives, state officials, and a large gathering of devotees.

(Prime Minister’s Media Division)

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PUCSL and Treasury under IMF spotlight as CEB seeks 11.5% power tariff hike

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The Public Utilities Commission of Sri Lanka (PUCSL) and the Treasury are facing heightened scrutiny as the Ceylon Electricity Board (CEB) presses for an 11.5 percent electricity tariff increase, a move closely tied to IMF-driven state-owned enterprise (SOE) reforms aimed at curbing losses and easing fiscal pressure on the State.

The proposed hike comes as the Treasury intensifies efforts to reduce the budgetary burden of loss-making SOEs under Sri Lanka’s IMF programme, which places strong emphasis on cost-reflective pricing, improved governance and the elimination of quasi-fiscal deficits.

Power sector sources said the PUCSL has completed its technical evaluation of the CEB proposal and is expected to announce its determination shortly.

The decision is being closely watched not only as a test of regulatory independence, but also as an indicator of how Treasury-backed fiscal discipline is being enforced through independent regulators.Under the IMF agreement, Sri Lanka has committed to restructuring key SOEs, such as, the CEB to prevent recurring losses from spilling over into public finances.

Treasury officials have repeatedly warned that continued operational losses at the utility could ultimately require state intervention, undermining fiscal consolidation targets agreed with the IMF.

The CEB has justified the proposed 11.5 percent hike by citing high generation costs, foreign currency loan repayments and accumulated legacy losses, arguing that further tariff adjustments are necessary to stabilise finances and avoid a return to Treasury support.

However, critics argue that IMF-aligned reforms should not translate into routine tariff hikes without meaningful improvements in efficiency, cost controls and governance within the utility.

Trade unions and consumer groups have urged the PUCSL to resist pressure from both the CEB and fiscal authorities to simply pass costs on to consumers.

They also note that improved hydropower availability should reduce dependence on expensive thermal generation, easing cost pressures and giving the regulator room to moderate any tariff increase.

Energy analysts say the PUCSL’s ruling will reflect how effectively the Treasury’s fiscal objectives are being balanced against the regulator’s statutory duty to protect consumers, warning that over-reliance on tariff increases could erode public support for IMF-backed reforms.

Business chambers have cautioned that another electricity price hike could weaken industrial competitiveness and slow economic recovery, particularly in export-oriented and energy-intensive sectors already grappling with elevated costs.

Electricity tariffs remain one of the most politically sensitive aspects of IMF-linked restructuring, with previous hikes triggering widespread public discontent and raising concerns over social impact.

The PUCSL is expected to outline the basis of its decision, including whether the proposed 11.5 percent increase will be approved in full, scaled down, or restructured through slab-based mechanisms to cushion low-income households.

An energy expert stressed that Sri Lanka navigates IMF-mandated fiscal and SOE reforms, the forthcoming ruling is widely seen as a defining moment—testing not only the independence of the regulator, but also the Treasury’s ability to pursue reform without deepening the burden on consumers.

By Ifham Nizam ✍️

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Bellana says Rs 900 mn fraud at NHSL cannot be suppressed by moving CID against him

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Dr. Bellana

Massive waste, corruption, irregularities and mismanagement at laboratories of the country’s premier hospital, revealed by the National Audit Office (NAO), couldn’t be suppressed by sacking or accusing him of issuing death threats to Health Secretary Dr. Anil Jasinghe, recently sacked Director of the National Hospital of Sri Lanka (NHSL) Dr. Rukshan Bellana told The Island.

Dr. Bellana said so responding to Dr. Jasinghe’s request for police protection claiming that he (Bellana) was directly responsible for threatening him.

The NPP government owed an explanation without further delay as the queries raised by NAO pertained to Rs 900 mn fraud/loss caused as a result of procurement of chemical reagents for the 2022 to 2024 period remained unanswered, Dr. Bellana said, pointing out that NAO raised the issue in June last year.

Having accused all other political parties of corruption at all levels, the NPP couldn’t under any circumstances remain mum on NAO’s audit query, DR. Bellana said, claiming that he heard of attempts by certain interested parties to settle the matter outside legal procedures.

The former GMOA official said that the NPP’s reputation was at stake. Perhaps President Anura Kumara Dissanayake should look into this matter and ensure proper investigation. Dr. Bellana alleged that those who had been implicated in the NAO inquiry were making an attempt to depict procurement of shelf time expired chemical reagents as a minor matter.

By Shamindra Ferdinando ✍️

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