News
Reconstructing past deep-water circulations of Indian Ocean

Global overturning circulation — the equatorward transport of cold, deep waters and the poleward transport of warm, near-surface waters — controls ocean heat distribution and atmospheric carbon dioxide levels, thus playing a critical role in global climate, says a report published by The Hindu yesterday.
It said: Studies have indicated that tectonically driven changes in the ocean gateways such as the closure of the Central American Seaway, a body of water that once separated North America from South America, since the late Miocene period, had a dramatic impact on the circulation.
It is thought that tectonic changes might have led to the formation of two separate water bodies — northern component water in the North Atlantic and Antarctic Bottom Water (AABW) in the Southern Ocean. Consequently, it is also hypothesised that there would have been large-scale changes in the Deep Water Circulation (DWC) in the oceans across the world, thus impacting global climate through ocean-atmosphere carbon dioxide and heat exchanges.
But these formulations have remained untested due to lack of adequate data. Some records that are available are from near the deep-water formation regions mostly from the Pacific and the Atlantic Oceans. Hence, they might not necessarily reflect the impact and change in deep water circulation.
Now, the Indian Ocean does not have any major deep-water formations of its own. It acts only as a host for NCW and AABW. Further, the northern parts of the Indian Ocean are located at one of the terminal ends of the GOC, far away from the deep-water formation regions and oceanic seaways. These specific features could make the northern Indian Ocean an ideal basin to do this.
Few studies have been carried out in the Indian Ocean to reconstruct past deep water circulations based on iron-manganese crust records and authigenic neodymium isotope composition of sediment cores. But iron-manganese crusts are situated at deeper depths and are bathed only by AABW, making it suitable only for the reconstruction of the history of AABW, and authigenic neodymium isotope records are available only from the Bay of Bengal region. But they too cannot help as the Himalayan rivers that empty into the Bay also bring in substantial amounts of Neodymium particulates.
A new study by a team of researchers from the Goa-based National Centre for Polar and Ocean Research and the School of Earth, Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences in Goa University has now sorted out the issue.
The scientists have generated an authigenic neodymium isotope record from the Arabian Sea and reconstructed the DWC record of the Indian Ocean for the period from 11.3 million years ago (Miocene era) to 1.98 million years ago (Pleistocene era).
“The record shows a clear shift from the Pacific water dominated deep circulation system before about nine million years ago, to the onset of a modern-like deep water circulation system in the Indian Ocean comprising of Antarctic bottom water and northern component water during the Miocene-Pliocene transition (about six million years ago). Our finding suggests a widespread impact of the late Miocene Central American Seaway closure on the evolution of ocean deep water circulation and validates the so-called Panama Closure Hypothesis,” says Dr. Waliur Rahaman from the National Centre for Polar and Ocean Research (NCPOR) and one of the corresponding authors.
The two months long expedition was carried out on-board drilling vessel R/V JOIDES Resolution from March 31 to May 31, 2015.
Commenting on the findings, Dr. Sambuddha Misra, Associate Professor, Centre for Earth Sciences, Indian Institute of Science, who was not part of the research work, says the study is highly significant since it provides unequivocal evidence in support of the theory that the closing of the gap between North and South America had led to the evolution of the modern form of GOC. The work is also commendable as it involved extremely difficult measurements, he adds.
News
Maduru Oya helicopter crash: Army, Air Force launch probes

Bell 212 accident during passing out parade kills six military personnel, injures six others
A Bell 212 helicopter, belonging to the Sri Lanka Air Force (SLAF), crashed into the Maduru Oya reservoir yesterday morning, killing six forces personnel and injuring six others. The helicopter was on a routine mission in support of a Special Forces passing-out parade when it encountered technical difficulties and attempted an emergency landing.
The crash occurred at approximately 8:17 a.m., after the helicopter took off from the SLAF Base Hingurakgoda, at 6:47 a.m., and picked up Army personnel in Maduru Oya around 7:08 a.m. According to the SLAF, the aircraft was conducting a heli-rappelling drill as part of a military demonstration when it suffered a technical malfunction shortly after takeoff.
The aircraft was carrying 12 individuals—six from the Army and six from the Air Force, including two pilots. Initial rescue efforts led to all passengers being retrieved alive and transported to the Aralaganwila Regional Hospital, with eight later transferred to the Polonnaruwa General Hospital due to the severity of their injuries.
Despite emergency medical care, six of the personnel succumbed to their injuries—four Army Special Forces soldiers and two Air Force members. Among the deceased were helicopter gunmen and elite Special Forces troops.
In the wake of the tragedy, both the Army and Air Force have launched separate investigations to determine the cause of the crash. Air Force Commander Air Marshal Bandu Edirisinghe has appointed a nine-member inquiry committee, while Army Commander Lieutenant General Lasantha Rodrigo confirmed that expert teams have been dispatched to the crash site to gather evidence.
Air Force spokesperson Group Captain Eranda Geeganage said the crash occurred during a drill demonstration at the training school and that the exact cause of the accident remains unknown at this time.The remaining six injured personnel are still receiving treatment, with their conditions being closely monitored.
By Norman Palihawadane
News
Cardinal Prevost becomes Pope Leo XIV

Nearly half a century has passed since the Catholic Church last had an Italian Pope. In the hallowed corridors of the Vatican, as the Conclave began deliberations to elect a successor to Pope Francis, several Italian names were whispered with increasing frequency. Chief among them was Cardinal Pietro Parolin, the Vatican’s Secretary of State, a seasoned diplomat, and well-known among the electors. Others, like Cardinals Pierbattista Pizzaballa and Matteo Zuppi, also had their share of admirers.
Yet, when the white smoke rose above the Sistine Chapel, it was not an Italian who emerged. Instead, the Cardinals turned to an unheralded American – Robert Francis Prevost, a canon law professor and lifelong missionary – electing him as successor to St. Peter. He has taken the name Pope Leo XIV.
Though born in the United States, Pope Leo’s spiritual and pastoral heart lies in Peru, where he spent much of his life in missionary service. His elevation comes as a surprise to many as he had been made a Cardinal just two years earlier, appointed by Pope Francis himself. A relative newcomer in the College of Cardinals, he was seen by many as a wildcard – yet perhaps that’s exactly what the Church needed.
At 69, Pope Leo is poised for what could be a lengthy pontificate – time enough, perhaps, to carry forward the reforms initiated by his predecessor. It’s no secret that Pope Francis saw in him a leader fit for the challenges of global Catholicism. When Prevost returned from Peru to head the Augustinian Order – a role he held for 12 years – it was Francis who sent him back across continents, appointing him Bishop of Chiclayo and entrusting him with pastoral care once more in Peru.
Those close to the new Pontiff describe him as deeply spiritual, a steady hand, and a bridge-builder, qualities sorely needed in a Church increasingly split between traditionalists and reformists. He is expected to offer a more measured, balanced approach on key issues, fostering dialogue rather than division.
In many ways, this Conclave echoed the dramatic scenes of October 1978, when an unknown outsider from Poland – Karol Wojtyla – was chosen as Pope John Paul II. Like then, the Cardinals have once again looked beyond the obvious front-runners. But, unlike 1978, when it took eight ballots to break the deadlock and settle on a compromise, this time it took just four.
That speed speaks volumes. The Cardinals were not merely settling – they were convinced that here’s the man to take the Church forward. In Cardinal Prevost, they found a shepherd capable of steering the Church through a time of transition, someone who could temper Franciscan reform with pastoral wisdom and unite a divided flock under the banner of faith and humility.
By Rex Clementine
News
Appeals Court nullify appointment of RDA Director General

The Court of Appeal on Thursday issued a writ order nullifying the appointment of S.M.P. Suriyabandara as the Director General of the Road Development Authority (RDA), citing a breach of proper procedure. The Court found that the selection process was in violation of established appointment guidelines.
The Court directed the RDA and the Minister of Transport and Highways to appoint K.W. Kandambi to the post, with effect from 5th March 2024. Kandambi, a civil engineer with 23 years of service at the RDA, had outperformed Suriyabandara in the official interview process, scoring 61 marks compared to Suriyabandara’s lower score.
President’s Counsel Faizer Mustapha, representing Kandambi, argued that appointing a candidate with fewer marks was unlawful and requested the Court to invalidate the appointment.
Acting President of the Court of Appeal, Mohamed Lafar Tahir, ruled that the respondents had violated the law in their selection process, thus issuing the writ order to correct the appointment.
By A.J.A. Abeynayake
-
Opinion6 days ago
Remembering Dr. Samuel Mathew: A Heart that Healed Countless Lives
-
Business4 days ago
Aitken Spence Travels continues its leadership as the only Travelife-Certified DMC in Sri Lanka
-
Latest News3 days ago
NPP win Maharagama Urban Council
-
Business4 days ago
LinearSix and InsureMO® expand partnership
-
Business2 days ago
John Keells Properties and MullenLowe unveil “Minutes Away”
-
Features6 days ago
Trump’s economic missiles are boomeranging
-
Latest News6 days ago
The Heat index is likely to increase up to ‘Caution level’ at some places in Eastern, Northern, North-central and North-western provinces and in Monaragala and Hambantota districts.
-
Business3 days ago
NDB Bank partners with Bishop’s College to launch NDB Pixel awareness