Connect with us

News

Monkeypox: History, Symptoms, Vaccine, Treatment

Published

on

It is a viral zoonotic infection that can spread from animals to humans, however, it is also contagious among humans.SNS:With over 16,000 cases and five deaths being reported from around 75 countries due to Monkeypox, the World Health Organisation (WHO) on Saturday finally declared the outbreak a global health emergency. Meanwhile, four cases have been reported in India, one from Delhi and the other three from Kerala. 

Here’s all you need to know about the virus, its symptoms, treatment, history, etc.

What is Monkeypox?

Monkeypox is an illness caused by a virus of the same name. It is a viral zoonotic infection that can spread from animals to humans, however, it is also contagious among humans. This virus is transmitted via direct or indirect contact through infectious skin or lesions, face-to-face and skin-to-skin contacts, and the exchange of respiratory droplets.

Monkeypox virus is part of the variola virus family of viruses, the same virus that causes smallpox. Its symptoms are similar to that of smallpox but milder, and it is rarely fatal and is not related to chickenpox.

History

A viral infection resembling smallpox was first detected in humans in 1970. Monkeypox is less dangerous and contagious than smallpox, which was eradicated in 1980.According to a study of 528 people in 16 countries published in the New England Journal of Medicine, ninety-five percent of Monkeypox infections have been transmitted through sexual activity.

The disease is called Monkeypox because it was first identified in colonies of monkeys and kept for research in 1958. It was only later detected in humans in 1970.Monkeypox primarily occurs in central and west Africa, in areas with proximity to tropical rainforests, and has been increasingly appearing in urban areas. Animal hosts include a range of rodents and non-human primates.

Symptoms

Monkeypox can cause a range of signs and symptoms.  While some people have mild symptoms, others may develop more serious symptoms and need care in a health facility.Those at higher risk for severe disease or complications include pregnant women, children and people who are immunocompromised.

The most common symptoms of monkeypox include fever, headache, muscle aches, back pain, low energy, and swollen lymph nodes. This is followed or accompanied by the development of a rash which can last for two to three weeks. The rash can be found on the face, palms of the hands, soles of the feet, eyes, mouth, throat, groin, and genital and/or anal regions of the body.

The number of lesions can range from one to several thousand. Lesions begin flat, then fill with liquid before they crust over, dry up and fall off, with a fresh layer of skin forming underneath.

Symptoms typically last two to three weeks and usually go away on their own or with supportive care, such as medication for pain or fever. People remain infectious until all of the lesions have crusted over, the scabs fallen off and a new layer of skin has formed underneath.Anyone who has symptoms that could be monkeypox or who has been in contact with someone who has monkeypox should call or visit a health care provider and seek their advice.

Vaccine

WHO recently approved a vaccine for the prevention of Monkeypox. Some countries are recommending vaccination for persons at risk. Many years of research have led to the development of newer and safer vaccines for an eradicated disease called smallpox, which may also be useful for Monkeypox. Only people who are at risk (for example someone who has been in close contact with someone who has the virus) should be considered for vaccination. Mass vaccination is not recommended at this time.

Treatment

The WHO recommends that people with monkeypox should follow the advice of their health care provider. Symptoms normally resolve on their own without the need for treatment. If needed, medication for pain (analgesics) and fever (antipyretics) can be used to relieve some symptoms.

It is important for anyone with monkeypox to stay well-hydrated, eat well, and get enough sleep. People who are self-isolating should take care of their mental health by doing things they find relaxing and enjoyable, staying connected to loved ones using technology, exercising if they feel well enough, and can do so while isolating.

People with monkeypox should avoid scratching their skin and take care of their rash by cleaning their hands before and after touching lesions and keeping skin dry and uncovered (unless they are unavoidably in a room with someone else, in which case they should cover it with clothing or a bandage until they are able to isolate again). The rash can be kept clean with sterilised water or antiseptic.

Saltwater rinses can be used for lesions in the mouth, and warm baths with baking soda and Epsom salts can help with lesions on the body. Lidocaine can be applied to oral and perianal lesions to relieve pain.Many years of research on therapeutics for smallpox have led to development of products that may also be useful for treating monkeypox.  An antiviral that was developed to treat smallpox (tecovirimat) was approved in January 2022 by the European Medicines Agency for the treatment of monkeypox.

 



Continue Reading
Click to comment

Leave a Reply

Your email address will not be published. Required fields are marked *

News

Burning of low-grade coal at N’cholai plant increases pollution: Parliament

Published

on

Parliament yesterday (30) said the use of inferior quality coal at Norochcholai Lak Vijaya coal-fired power plant caused environmental pollution.

The Opposition has accused the Energy Ministry of importing low quality coal and the CEB has directly blamed the developing crisis in coal imported from South Africa.

The Parliament is scheduled to debate a no-confidence motion moved by SJB-led Opposition against Energy Minister Kumara Jayakody on 10 April.

The Sectoral Oversight Committee on Environment, Agriculture and Resource Sustainability has instructed officials to immediately prepare a plan for the environmentally friendly disposal of ash emitted from the Norochcholai Lak Vijaya Power Plant.

These instructions were given at a recent meeting of the Committee held in Parliament, under the Chairmanship of Member of Parliament Hector Appuhamy.

It was revealed during the meeting that due to issues related to the quality of coal imported to Sri Lanka for power generation, the volume of ash emitted during electricity generation had increased significantly. Officials were directed to formulate a plan under the leadership of the District Secretary of the Puttalam District, to take the necessary measures.

It was also proposed that the possibility of reusing the coal ash for production purposes be studied, and that any revenue generated from such products be utilised for welfare projects benefiting the communities affected by the power plant.

In addition, the Committee instructed the Central Environmental Authority to submit a comprehensive report on whether water and air pollution have occurred as a result of the Norochcholai Power Plant. Furthermore, the North Western Provincial Environmental Authority was also instructed to provide responses within two weeks regarding the questionnaire and related matters submitted by the Committee in connection with the Norochcholai Power Plant.

Officials of the North Western Provincial Environmental Authority stated that although the volume of ash emitted from the plant had increased, the filtration system in use at the plant was sufficient to absorb it. Several matters, including the issuance of environmental protection licenses for the power plant, were discussed at the committee meeting.

Continue Reading

News

Tariff shock from 01 April as power costs climb across the board

Published

on

By Ifham Nizam

Electricity consumers will face a fresh financial jolt from 01 April, with the Public Utilities Commission of Sri Lanka (PUCSL) approving a countrywide tariff increase that will push up monthly bills across all consumption categories, with the heaviest burden falling on high-end users.

The decision follows a proposal by the Ceylon Electricity Board (CEB), which sought a 13.56 percent upward revision for the second quarter of the year, citing mounting operational costs and financial pressures within the power sector.

Under the new tariff structure, even the lowest-income households will not be spared, though the increases at the bottom tiers remain relatively modest. Consumers using between 0–30 units will see a 4.3 percent rise, adding approximately Rs. 15 to their monthly bill. Those in the 31–60 unit bracket will experience a 6.9 percent increase, translating to an additional Rs. 45.

For middle-tier users, the impact becomes more pronounced. Households consuming 61–90 units will pay around Rs. 120 more per month, following a 6.9 percent hike, while those in the 91–120 unit range will face a sharper increase of 7.1 percent, pushing their monthly costs up by about Rs. 420.

However, the steepest escalation is reserved for heavy electricity users. Consumers exceeding 180 units will be hit with a staggering 25 percent increase — the highest adjustment under the latest revision — raising serious concerns over affordability, particularly for urban households and small businesses already grappling with rising living costs.

Energy sector analysts warn that the latest revision signals deeper structural issues within the power sector, including reliance on costly thermal generation, currency pressures, and inefficiencies in energy procurement.

“The burden is gradually shifting toward consumers as the sector struggles to maintain financial stability,” a senior power sector analyst said, noting that repeated tariff adjustments could further strain public tolerance.

The PUCSL maintained that the revision was necessary to ensure the sustainability of electricity supply and to prevent a recurrence of crises that previously led to widespread outages and load shedding. The regulator has also indicated that cost-reflective pricing remains a key policy direction, particularly as global energy markets remain volatile.

The move comes at a time when many households are still adjusting to broader economic pressures, including high food prices and transport costs, raising fears that the tariff hike could have a cascading effect on the cost of living.

Small and medium enterprises, already operating on thin margins, are also expected to feel the pinch, with higher electricity costs likely to feed into production expenses and retail prices.

Despite the increases, questions remain over whether the tariff revision alone will be sufficient to stabilise the financially strained power sector, or if further adjustments — or reforms — may be inevitable in the months ahead.

With electricity demand steadily rising and generation costs remaining unpredictable, consumers now brace for yet another phase of higher utility bills, underscoring the fragile balance between energy security and economic resilience.

Continue Reading

News

CDL under new management completes major Norwegian ship order

Published

on

The Colombo Dockyard (CDL) under its new management has completed a major contract undertaken in March 2020 to build ten ships for Norwegian Misje Eco Bulk AS.

The company said that in spite of unprecedented global disruptions, a pandemic, an economic bankruptcy, regional wars, supply chain disruptions, logistical uncertainties, and untold hardships, they had been able somehow to meet contractual obligations.

The tenth ship was delivered to Misje Eco Bulk AS at the Colombo harbour recently.

Indian shipbuilding giant Mazagon Dock Shipbuilders Ltd. (MDL), affiliated to India’s Ministry of Defence (MOD), acquired controlling stake in CDL from Japanese shipbuilder Onomichi in mid last year MDL paid USD 52.96 mn for the stake.

Dileesh Rosemary De Silva breaking a bottle of champagne in celebration. She is flanked by Roald Misje CEO Misje EcoBulk AS and Thusitha Herath Site Team Manager of Misje EcoBulk AS

The owners named the vessel ‘Misje Kandy’ as a tribute to CDL. Ceremonial breaking of the milk pot in accordance with the Sri Lankan traditions was done by the Colombo Dockyard’s Project Manager of the series of 10 vessels S.M.S.B. Serasinghe. In accordance with the western traditions the ceremonial breaking of the Champagne bottle was done by the God Mother of the vessel Mrs. Dileesh Rosemary de Silva.

The 89.95m DNV-classed Eco Bulker was conceptualised by Wartsila Ship Design Norway, with detailed design work carried out by CDPLC’s skilled in-house design team. In line with the latest trends in sustainable shipping. The vessel is equipped with an advanced Energy Storage Battery System (ESS) for Electric Hybrid Propulsion, complementing the conventional diesel propulsion system to enhance operational performance and reduce environmental impact.

Indian High Commissioner in Colombo Santosh Jha attended the ship launch with the government represented by deputy ministers Nishantha Jayaweera and Janitha Kodithuwakku.

Continue Reading

Trending