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Mess in energy sector

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By Eng. Parakrama Jayasinghe
parajayasinghe@gmail.com

Over the years, I have published articles, originally addressing particular segments of the energy sector, in the hope of some sanity emerging in the sector in the broader interest of the consumers and Sri Lanka in general. But, of late, I have tried to focus on the entire sector, which is vital to the national interest by the very nature of the Sri Lankan energy scene and its ramifications that are unfolding. A major flaw in the thinking and actions of the energy authorities is their inability to understand that the Energy Sector is not limited to Electricity, but spans a much wider scope.  Focusing on individual segments is a recipe for disaster, which has been proven more than once and are staring in our faces right now.

A few of these articles are listed below, which is only a small fraction of all I have published:

CEB wants to be a follower of old technology – August 2018

Losses due to blockage of RE Projects

– February 2020

The Origin and Way out of the Energy Crisis

– April 2019

The Sri Lankan Energy Sector – A Mill Stone –

August 2023

The focus on particular aspects individually, which is the present practice, is not logical for a visionary and sustainable development and maintenance of this vital sector of the economy. The responsibility of the two major sectors of Electricity and Petroleum being under a single Minister has not yielded the desired outcome.

I feel obliged to provide some justification for the events that led to my conclusion and the validity of my title for this article, to pre-empt the loud objections that are bound to be levelled against me, by those whose noses would burn in recognizing their culpability of taking Sri Lanka to this abyss.

A cost reflective electricity tariff?

The massive hike in consumer tariff in February 2023 was the most socially-insensitive proposal. Fortunately, it was corrected somewhat in the July revision. But everyone is apprehensive about what will happen in January 2024.  This massive hike, touted as a cost-reflective tariff, obviously at the behest of the IMF, was supposed to be an essential adjustment to make CEB financially independent of the annual rescue moves by the Treasury (read rescue by the consumers, who have been carrying this burden indirectly year after year). But did this happen?

We see news reports on the CEB demanding further tariff hikes immediately, purportedly to avert losses for the current year, too, amounting to 50 Billion rupees or more.  So, who will be held responsible and accountable for this highway robbery?

The answer is obvious, judging by the past practices. Who should be held responsible for running up a financial deficit of near a trillion rupees over the past decade, all of which were passed on to the public with no one held accountable or made to feel any slightest pain of their own?

Continued dependence on Emergency Power

One may think the need for dependence on expensive emergency power occurs only in case of emergencies. But whoever heard of adding emergency power as a component of future energy plans?  What price the least-cost option being the primary principle of the 20-year-long-term generation plan?  If that is the only solution that can be offered by the planners or the designers, they lack competence to continue to serve in such positions. Even more damaging is the fact that those who are supposed to govern the sector, both at the CEB and at the Ministry, accept such retrogressive and damaging solutions to meet the national electricity demand, which is predicted many years in advance.  A substantial amount of emergency power, at highly enhanced cost, has been approved by the Cabinet and even by the PUCSL for the year 2024 already.  Obviously, no one is demanding nor the CEB is offering any viable alternative. The easy solution has been to pass the burden of the added cost on to the public, as has been done for years in the past. Uninterrupted supply of electricity 24/7 irrespective of cost?

The unprecedented power crisis in early 2022 made Sri Lankans realise the dangers of over dependence on imported resources for energy. The two major streams of energy demand ground to a halt for want of foreign exchange to pay for imports. In parallel, even the kitchen fires went out due to lack of LPG.  Everyone had to accept the many hours of power cuts and long queues for fuel. The efforts of the government to mitigate the crisis must be appreciated. But the consumers are burdened with tariff hikes as the price.

However, the role of any responsible government and those in authority on the entire energy sector, regardless of which Ministry they serve under, should be much more visionary and proactive, at least to minimize this danger in the short term and then eliminate it entirely in the medium term.

The developments in the energy sector, worldwide, and the much-delayed recognition of the bounty that mother nature has bestowed on Sri Lanka, should have been the greatest incentive for this process to be expedited.  The fact that on some days  Sri Lanka was powered with zero dependence on oil-based generation and much-reduced use of coal as well as the drain on exchange for import of transport fuels saw a significant reduction was the best driver for a government with the longer term interests of the country at heart to initiate and follow that path. The people would have come to terms with a two-and-a-half-hour power cut and the rationing of fuel longer if they had been convinced that there was plan to achieve energy security. (See figure 1)

However, the Ministry of Power and Energy, or the state institutions under it, does not seem to have recognised this as their responsibility or has chosen to ignore it entirely. Instead, its actions appear to be driven purely by a political agenda. The present practice of ensuring an uninterrupted electricity supply by using the most expensive option of oil-based power, and removing all controls on supply of transport fuels with no consideration of costs, both in rupees and even more prodigal expenditure of dollars that we don’t have, is deplorable.

The public is to face a heavier burden, going by the media reports appearing, which predicts a loss of over Rs 50 Billion for the CEB, in 2023, in spite of the massive hike in consumer tariff.  The increase in the country’s foreign debt due to this kind of expenditure is not yet known.

Is Sri Lanka helpless?

In spite of the many problems and difficulties, one area where Sri Lanka has been endowed with ample resources is energy.  While issues of costs and lack of funds and technologies prevented harnessing this bounty in the past, the circumstances have changed in our favour during the past decade or so. While some enterprising individuals and companies came to the forefront and practically demonstrated this viability, several state organisations with monopoly rights and the lack of governance by the Ministries and the government have landed Sri Lanka’s energy sector in the present sorry state. It is being claimed in some quarters that Sri Lanka cannot raise the funds for renewable energy projects and does not have the technical capability to develop them. But this is an untruth aimed at bringing in foreign entities to the sector. Even a 100 MW solar plant consists of about 175,000 of individual solar panels, a pair of panels with capacity 1 kW being viable as a unit. There is absolutely no reason to lump them together to capacities over say 10 MW just to shut out the local entrepreneurs and technology companies and add the long transmission lines as an added infrastructure requiring more investments by the state. In case of wind power, the unit size has grown up to about 5.0 MW only. The success of the Suryabala Sangramaya, which has already led to the development of over 700 MW of solar energy to the grid is a case in point. That source alone could provide 5,000 MW of generation capacity and 7,000 GWh of energy to the national grid, if the CEB takes it upon themselves to champion it rather than finding excuses to deter the potential “prosumers”. ([RJ4])

There is a need to attract foreign investments and tap the many green funds already available. But these must be done on our terms. Any attempt to pay dollars for the supply of electricity for our consumption cannot be accepted under any circumstances.

Are we to buy our solar energy with dollars?

Are we to buy our solar energy with dollars?

It is feared that this is what may have been agreed with the Indian investor for the project in Mannar and Purnaryn, the agreements on it being totally in violation of the provisions of the Electricity Act. But all state officials are bending over backwards to help this company; they are even obstructing the processing of projects nearby by local developers.

(Sri Lankan energy sector as millstone around nation’s neck

https://island.lk/sri-lankan-energy-sector-as-millstone-around-nations-neck/)

These resources are sufficient to meet our renewable energy needs forever and earn foreign exchange. The much-talked about power link to India is technically and financially viable, provided it is designed and executed to meet Sri Lanka’s interests and not as part of the ongoing privatization programme. The government’s move to hand over large tracts of lands to foreigners cannot be accepted under any circumstances.

Under these bleak conditions the award of the 100 MW solar project in Siyambalanduwa to two local companies provides a ray of hope. As we proposed some time ago, it should have been a 4 x 25 MW system, which could have been funded locally.

It is time Sri Lankans insisted that the energy sector remain an indigenous industry geared to develop its own indigenous renewable resources so as to ensure long-term national energy security and also to be a major driver of economic growth. Our capability to do so has already been proven. (See Figure 2)

It is the duty of all chambers of commerce and industrial associations and most importantly for the media to highlight this without delay, before our resources are handed over to foreigners just for the benefit of the few individuals or companies.

The recent court ruling on the Solar Project in Vavuniya exposes the mismanagement and misuse of powers by the two state institutions mandated to develop the sector, rather than obstructing it. The company concerned deserves praise for its perseverance and eventual success of the legal battle.

One may also recall that the CEB has blocked the development of all renewable energy projects from 2016, citing a lacuna in the Electricity Act of 2009, amended in 2013.  This did not deter them from allowing the Indian company to develop 500 MW wind and solar without any tender procedures.

Let us hope that the above judgement and some favourable changes seen in the management hierarchy of the CEB would lead to the much-desired paradigm shift in the mindset and actions of those mandated to serve the country and not individual interests.

Conclusion

We have ample indigenous renewable energy resources to meet all our energy needs, and surplus can be used to earn foreign exchange.

At a recent public lecture, the newly appointed General Manager of CEB, presented the essential elements that should be observed in a proper Energy Market…

Freedom of Choice

Economic Efficiency

Social Equity

Transparency

We hope that he will have the courage and strength to ensure that these principles are adopted in the CEB that he now heads.

I have confined my comments to the electricity sector. The bigger culprit, which is the transport energy, needs a separate analysis. Meanwhile, the readers are requested to refer my previous below.

https://www.bioenergysrilanka.lk/transport-policy-and-vision-for-the-future/[RJ5]

The Elephant in the Room – Transport Energy



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Combining local resources,traditional knowledge and science to build a food-secure Sri Lanka

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World Food Day 2026: Innovating today for a better food future

by Dr. Kaushalya Wijayasekara

What will be on the Sri Lankan dinner table ten years from now? Will our children be able to get nutritious food at a price their families can afford? Will farmers be able to grow enough despite changing weather and rising costs? And how much of the food we produce will actually reach the consumer, instead of being lost or wasted along the way?

These questions can’t wait. A farmer faces unpredictable weather. A family faces rising food costs. Fruit goes unsold after a good harvest. Some children do not get enough nutrition. The future of food is tied to the future of Sri Lanka itself.

World Food Day 2026 is a chance to look beyond the immediate problems and ask whether we can build a food system that feeds our people well, gives farmers better opportunities, protects the environment and makes better use of what we already have. The answer can be yes, but we will have to think differently.

We are not starting from zero. Sri Lanka has diverse crops, fisheries, traditional food knowledge, indigenous varieties, research institutions, universities and a young generation able to create new solutions. What we need is to bring these together and act. Producing more will not secure our food future on its own. It will depend on how intelligently we produce, process, preserve, distribute and consume food.

Making more of what we already have

Innovation does not always mean inventing something new. Often it means finding better uses for the resources we have.

Sri Lanka grows traditional rice varieties, kurakkan, green gram, cowpea, jackfruit, breadfruit, cassava, sweet potato, coconut and palmyrah. All of them have great potential for modern, nutritious, value-added foods. Jackfruit and breadfruit can be made into flour and other convenient products. Traditional rice varieties can go into new foods that suit changing consumer needs. Palmyrah, with its strong cultural heritage, can create new income through better processing, packaging, quality assurance and market development.

The aim is to connect our traditional food knowledge with modern consumer needs and technology, while keeping our food heritage.

Stop wasting the food we produce

Reducing food loss and waste should be a major priority. Seasonal fruits such as mango, banana, papaya and pineapple can be lost in large quantities when production exceeds demand or when storage, transport and processing facilities are inadequate. With suitable technology, these fruits can become dried products, pulps, powders, beverages and other shelf-stable foods.

Agricultural and fisheries by-products are resources too. They could be turned into food ingredients, animal feed, bio-based products and other useful materials, which would move us toward a more circular food economy.

Technology alone is not enough. We need stronger local processing facilities, cold storage, efficient transport, collection centres and market information systems, especially close to where food is produced. Cutting food loss raises the value of what our farmers and fishers already produce.

Nutrition and food safety come first

Food security means more than having enough food. People also need food that is safe and nutritious.

Sri Lanka can develop affordable, nutritious foods from local pulses, grains, vegetables, fruits and fish. Children and other vulnerable groups should get particular attention. Schoolchildren in particular deserve a focus: safe, nutritious, locally sourced products for school feeding programs would support child nutrition, local farmers and domestic food industries at the same time.

Food safety must stay at the centre of food innovation. Good hygiene, quality control, laboratory testing, traceability and appropriate food safety systems are what make new products safe as well as attractive and nutritious.

A food system that can cope with climate change

Climate change is already affecting agricultural production, water availability, crop yields and food prices. We need food systems that can handle changing conditions. That means climate-resilient crops, efficient water use, soil and water conservation, better storage and resource-efficient food processing.

Traditional knowledge matters here. Generations of Sri Lankan farmers have developed practices suited to local climates and ecosystems. Combining that experience with modern science can give us solutions that fit local conditions and are sustainable. Technology alone will not build the future of food. Science, experience and local knowledge together can.

Give young people a bigger role

Sri Lanka’s universities have an important part to play in shaping our food future. Young people should be encouraged to identify real problems in the food system and work on practical solutions in areas such as food waste, sustainable packaging, nutrition, food safety, modernising traditional foods and digital technologies.

A good research project should not always end as a research paper. Where appropriate, research should be supported to move on to products, technologies, enterprises and community solutions. That needs stronger partnerships between universities and industry, along with mentoring, research funding, business support and market connections. If young researchers and entrepreneurs can turn their ideas into viable food innovations, both consumers and producers will benefit.

A pathway designed for Sri Lanka

We do not need to copy food-system models from other countries. We can build a pathway that suits our own resources, culture and needs. It would bring together local resources, traditional knowledge, scientific research, appropriate technology and entrepreneurship, with farmers, fishers, universities, research institutions, food industries, entrepreneurs and policymakers working side by side.

The goal goes beyond selling raw materials. We need to create more value, reduce waste, improve nutrition, generate jobs and strengthen rural livelihoods. This matters especially for small and medium-scale food enterprises, which can drive local economic development when they get the right technical, financial and market support.

The choices we make today

The food future will not create itself. It will be shaped by what we grow, what we research, what we process, what we consume and what we choose not to waste.

So, the question for World Food Day 2026 is this: what can we do today so that every Sri Lankan has safe, nutritious, affordable and sustainable food tomorrow?

The answers are already around us, in our farms, fisheries, food businesses, universities, laboratories and communities. We have the resources, the traditional knowledge, the scientific expertise and talented young people. What we need now is to connect them and act.

A better food future begins with the choices we make today.

Dr. Kaushalya Wijayasekara

Senior Lecturer, Department of Biosystems Technology, Faculty of Technology, University of Ruhuna

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20th Anniversary of Digampathana blast – the day Sri Lanka Navy cried

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Aftermath of the terror attack

By Admiral Ravindra C Wijegunaratne
WV, RWP and Bar, RSP, VSV, USP, NI (M) (Pakistan), ndc, psn, Bsc
(Hons) (War Studies) (Karachi) MPhil (Madras)
Former Navy Commander and Former Chief of Defence Staff
Former Chairman, Trincomalee Petroleum Terminals Ltd
Former Managing Director Ceylon Petroleum Corporation
Former High Commissioner to Pakistan

The Digampathana suicide truck attack on 16th October 2006 remains the deadliest single strike in Sri Lanka Navy history, leaving scars that time cannot erase.

It was a seemingly ordinary Monday morning on 16 October 2006, but the calm of that day would soon be shattered in a way none of us could have imagined. As the Commandant of the Naval and Maritime Academy and Flag Officer Commanding Naval Fleet at Trincomalee, I was aware that a number of my cadets were travelling that morning, part of a convoy of fifteen buses carrying naval personnel from Trincomalee, Colombo, and other bases, heading toward Dambulla to rendezvous with another group. The convoy also included trucks and escort vehicles, a routine movement planned and coordinated with the army to ensure the roads were clear. The morning started quietly. Some personnel greeted friends, handed over their weapons, or strolled to a nearby tea shop. It all seemed so ordinary—too ordinary for what would come next.

Sri Lanka Navy sunk LTTE Ships carrying arms, ammunition and warlike materials thousand miles away from Sri Lanka in Indian Ocean in September and October 2007.

By late morning, both convoys had reached the small ground at Digampathana, near the Sigiriya junction, and personnel mingled briefly, unaware that a carefully orchestrated act of terror was waiting. Then, suddenly, an empty half-truck veered directly into the convoy. It exploded with a ferocity I can still recall as if it were yesterday. Nuts, bolts, and high explosives tore through the air. Pandemonium erupted instantly. I later learned that 107 of our naval personnel were killed on the spot and another 153 critically injured. The scene was indescribable—bodies scattered, vehicles mangled, personal effects strewn across the ground. I remember later hearing that the head of the suicide bomber was recovered more than 100 meters away from the blast, a grim testament to the sheer force of the explosion.

I was in my office at the Naval and Maritime Academy when my mobile phone rang. A young midshipman from the 21st intake called, his voice trembling: “Sir, there was a huge explosion at the convoy point! Many are dead … my batch mate Wijesundara is among them.” I immediately jumped into my jeep with my escort Chief Petty Officer and driver and rushed to Digampathana, relying on every ounce of my driving skill to reach the scene. The journey, which usually took little more than an hour, felt endless that day, each passing mile weighed down by dread.

When I arrived, I was confronted with a sight that no training can prepare you for. The injured were being rushed to Dambulla Hospital, where doctors and nurses worked tirelessly, improvising in ways that saved lives despite the overwhelming chaos. I went back to the site after visiting the hospital. The remains of our naval personnel were scattered across the ground, and someone had begun collecting weapons and protective gear. I immediately contacted Surgeon Rear Admiral Nico Jayasekara and received his instructions: collect all body parts in separate bags and transport them to the Trincomalee Naval Hospital mortuary. This gruesome work had to be done with care and dignity, and it filled the icebox in my vehicle. Through DNA testing initiated by Rear Admiral Nico, we were able to identify every naval personnel lost that day, bringing some closure to grieving families.

The Navy Commander at the time, Vice Admiral Wasantha Karannagoda, was devastated. I had worked closely with him and knew how deeply he cared for his men. He ensured that the fallen were honoured with full ceremonial naval funerals at Welisara Naval Base, attended by families and comrades. Sixty-seven funerals were conducted in a single day—a number that still haunts me.

The Digampathana attack remains the largest single loss of naval life in our history. It was a day of sorrow, but also a day that reinforced our resolve. The tragedy galvanized the Navy to target the LTTE Sea Tiger wing with renewed determination and reshaped our maritime operations forever. Every time I think of that day, I remember not just the lives lost, but the courage, professionalism, and dedication of those who survived, those who treated the injured, and those who ensured the fallen were honored properly. May the souls of our naval hero’s rest in peace, their sacrifice guiding us and inspiring generations of naval personnel to come.

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‘Murder at Whitby Abbey’

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Tales of Mystery and Suspense – 24

I was intrigued by the title of a book I found in a book drop at the condominium of a friend, Murder at Whitby Abbey, and I brought it home with me though I will not be able to return it in the near future. It was described on the cover page as ‘a standout in the crowded medieval mystery field’, though I fear I do not know of other books in this field, apart from the Cadfael series, which I have dealt with earlier.

The book, by Cassandra Clark, is set during the reign of Richard II and has as a backdrop his precarious position, which led to his being replaced, and murdered, by his cousin Henry, who reigned as Henry IV. It is a gloomy book, the action taking place in the twelve days of Christmas leading up to the Epiphany. And the gloom is pervasive, even though this is supposed to be a time of festivity, with mummers performing, and many of those in the guest house where the heroine stays going to town to enjoy themselves, with much drinking and much music, which also fills the guesthouse.

The heroine Hildegarde is a nun, sent to try to acquire a relic being sold by Whitby Abbey, though this was also a penance set by the Abbot of the monastery that governed her abbess because she had had sex with a man. Soon after she and her companions reach the Abbey set high on a cliff, she finds that there are other bidders, and soon suspects that the hierarchy, not perhaps the Abbot who seems a weakling, but his rapacious bursar, is determined to make money, and not above creating false relics to sell to several aspirants.

After Hildegarde and her Cistercian companions – Whitby is a Benedictine Foundation – two monks, Gregory and Egbert, and a young priest Mark, reach the abbey, they find that Aelwyn, a monk they had met on their way to the guesthouse had died. This was in the apple store, and they realize, when they find the surplices of novices stuffed into the air vents, that he had been left to suffocate in the overwhelming scent of apples.

Clark

The Cistercians are asked to look into the death, perhaps because they are likely to get no cooperation from the Abbey folk, but perhaps because those in charge are keen to know what happened. And the infirmarer, an old monk, suggests Hildegarde talk to a man called Edred who worked for the bursar, and had been a friend of Aelwyn’s. But Edred too is killed, before he can keep an appointment he had made with Hildegarde, drowned in a pool near the farmhouse of the Abbey.

Meanwhile tensions arise between the fisherfolk and the abbey for the bursar wants to charge them for using the beach that technically belongs to the abbey to dry their fish and their nets. This leads to physical battles, when the guards used by the abbey, under the command it seems of the bursar whose determination to make money is not resisted by the abbot and the prior, try to storm the area where the fishermen live.

Hildegard finds out more about what had happened through two youngsters, one of whom Torold is the son of Aelwyn by a woman who worked as a prostitute for a cartel, and with whom Mark fell in love. The other works on the farm and had seen Edred meet someone near the pool, after which that someone left the place by himself. And the boy had also found in the pool a sort of dagger with the seal of the abbey.

He and his dog, and Torold who follows her, rescue Hildegarde from a man at arms who has waylaid her and tries to rape her earlier. Escaping into the abbey she was nearly been raped then by the bursar, but she managed to escape, in the process setting fire to him and the muniments room, which led, when he was rescued, to the discovery of a box with the money he said had been stolen, blame being cast on both Aelwyn and Edred.

Matters come to a head when the fisherfolk try to storm the abbey, being resisted by the men at arms stationed on the towers. But then Hildegarde realizes that behind the murders was the bursar’s clerk, whom she pursued to the cathedral. There is great drama then as she escapes from him when he tries to kill her, and then from the man at arms who had tried to both rape and kill her, but they both fall from the scaffolding she had climbed, the latter coming from a tower where he had been stationed.

Both of them think they run the rapacity of the abbey, the latter claiming to work for the nobles opposed to Richard, who is presented throughout the book as devoted to his subjects, not to power or money. But though the villains die, the bursar continues, having got over the hysteria the fire had caused and his acknowledgment then of guilt – and though the abbot and the prior seem less vicious, whether they will be able to assert themselves is questionable.

Before the climax, when the others in the guesthouse were leaving, Hildegarde found that two of them were in possession of the relic, for which they seem to have paid well. Hildegarde herself had made a derisory offer, but before she leaves the abbot gives her the relic, perhaps in gratitude for what she and her fellow Cistercians had discovered, the abbey having made as much money as it needed and more from the gullible other buyers.

Mark’s inamorata is saved from the stews because she moves in with Edred’s widow whom the bursar had thrown out of the rooms he occupied when her husband was found dead. Hildegarde had paid for lodgings, in a house run by the man who ran the brothels, but he had a kindly side and was going to finance them to make nets for the fishermen.

So, the Cistercians set off for their home as swiftly as they can to get there on the day of the Epiphany, having stopped en route to pray for King Richard whose birthday it was.

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