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Lankan professionals discuss global urbanization  challenges in low & middle income countries  

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Dr. Locana Gunaratna leads drafting of international policy paper on subject 

Urbanization refers here to rural-urban migration taking place in the Low and Middle Income Countries (LMICs). The growth of urban population has been a subject of serious discussion in recent years at international level. In 2015, UN member states adopted 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDG’s) among which SDG 11 was about sustainability of cities. In 2016, a ‘New Urban Agenda’ was endorsed by the UN General Assembly. These two events bind all countries to promote those recommendations for the safety, health and well being of all living in highly populated cities around the world.

Urbanization in the LMIC’s is causing much concern to the Governments of these countries and also internationally. Some countries experiencing overcrowded cities can be found in Brazil, India , Bangladesh, Kenya and many other LMICs. Though urbanization was associated with industrialization in the 19th Century Europe which often resulted in economic growth of those countries, such benefits are not seen in most LMIC’s.

It can be said that all citizens are entitled to live in a healthy environment, have access to clean water and sanitation and be safe regardless of their social and economic status. Unhealthy living conditions and unsafe environments can have a detrimental impact not only on adults and their economic output but more so on the growth and development of the younger populations living in overcrowded slum areas of the LMIC’s.

An International policy statement on Urbanization in the LMICS was prepared at the instance of the Inter-Academy Partnership (IAP) which is the apex body of science academies worldwide. The Statement was drafted by an international ‘Working Group’ of 18 subject experts drawn from 16 countries across the globe. Those experts were selected by the IAP from nominees made by member Science Academies in the LMICs as well as those in the industrialized countries. The serious question posed to them was whether the neglect of rural areas and the adversities of urbanization can be addressed and reduced or eliminated.

That Group worked on-line for two years under the chairmanship of a Sri Lankan expert – Dr Locana Gunaratna. In fact, the subject had originally been proposed by him, forwarded by the National Academy of Sciences Sri Lanka to the IAP in 2020 and accepted by them for serious consideration. This was a first for our Academy – the NASSL. The outcome of that effort – a draft Policy Statement was circulated by the IAP after close scrutiny to all member Science Academies worldwide.

It was endorsed by the required majority those Academies including those in some of the most industrialized countries. The Policy statement was then formally launched by the IAP at an international event held in Trieste, Italy on October 5, 2022 where Dr Gunaratna was invited to present a condensed version of the Statement.

The National Academy of Sciences Sri Lanka together with the Institute of Town Planners Sri Lanka hosted the local launch of this Policy Statement and a discussion on it. That event was held at the Auditorium of the Organization of Professional Association (OPA) on November 18. Many relevant and interested professionals and scientists were present at that occasion.

At this event too Dr Gunaratna presented a summarized version of the Statement and also briefly discussed some positive implications of this policy for Sri Lanka. The successful implementation of such a policy would surely benefit our country, but long-term planning and visionary leaders with unwavering political will are needed, he said.



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Removing monk’s robes matter for Sangha to decide: Mahanayake Theras

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Ven. Gnanasara

The Mahanayaka Theras of all Nikayas have protested against Bodu Bala Sena (BBS) General Secretary Ven. Galagodaaththe Gnanasara Thera, who is serving a prison sentence for contempt of court, being produced before court in civilian attire.

In a letter to the Commissioner General of Prisons, the Mahanayaka Theras have said they were surprised and concerned by the decision to remove the monk’s robes.

The letter has been signed by Most Ven. Thibbotuwawe Sri Siddhartha Sumangala Thera of the Malwatu Chapter, Most Ven. Warakagoda Sri Gnanarathana Thera of the Asgiri Chapter, Most Ven. Karagoda-Uyangoda Maithri Murthi Thera of the Amarapura Maha Nikaya and Most Ven. Makulawe Sri Wimala Thera of the Ramanna Maha Nikaya.

The Mahanayaka Theras have said they respect the Constitution and the judicial process, but maintained that removing a monk’s robes or ending his status as a member of the Buddhist Order is a matter that should be decided by the Maha Sangha.

They have said the relevant Sangha Council has not determined that Ven. Gnanasara Thera committed a Parajika offence or any other offence warranting his removal from the Buddhist Order.

The Mahanayaka Theras have also referred to Regulation 550 of the Prison Standing Orders, which they say stipulates that convicted prisoners should not be taken to court in prison uniform and should be allowed to wear the type of clothing they normally wore before their conviction. In the case of a Buddhist monk, they have said, this means his monastic robes.

They also referred to the United Nations Standard Minimum Rules for the Treatment of Prisoners, which provide for prisoners taken outside prison to be allowed to wear their own clothing or other unobtrusive clothing.

The Mahanayaka Theras have requested the Commissioner General of Prisons to allow Ven. Gnanasara Thera to wear his robes when appearing in court and to maintain his status as a monk while he remains in prison.

Prisons authorities have said that the clothing decision was made under prison regulations, and the Prisons Department has stated that prisoners serving sentences of more than three years are required to wear prison-issued clothing when produced before court.

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NDB fraud Rs 60mn more than reported

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The Committee on Public Finance has said that the actual losses suffered by the NDB bank are much more than what was initially reported. When compared with the initial disclosure made by NDB on 6 April 2026, the reported amount of the fraud had increased by Rs. 0.4 billion, from Rs. 13.2 billion to Rs. 13.6 billion, the committee said.

When compared with the amount disclosed by NDB on 26 June 2026, based on the interim report dated 22 June 2026, the additional amount of fraud is Rs. 60 million.

The has committee issued the following statement: The Committee on Public Finance recently summoned officials of the Central Bank of Sri Lanka to Parliament to inquire into the financial irregularities identified at NDB Bank and the final audit report relating to the matter.

The Committee meeting, chaired by Member of Parliament Dr. Harsha de Silva, discussed irregularities identified in NDB Bank’s financial statements, shortcomings in the audit process, and the relevant audit reports.

The meeting was attended by Deputy Ministers Chathuranga Abeysinghe, Dr. Kaushalya Ariyaratne, and Nishantha Jayaweera, as well as Members of Parliament Attorney-at-Law Rauff Hakeem, Ravi Karunanayake, Ajith Agalakada, Nimal Palihena, Wijesiri Basnayake, M.K.M. Aslam, Champika Hettiarachchi, and Attorney-at-Law Lakmali Hemachandra.

The Committee also focused on the findings of the investigation conducted by the Sri Lanka Accounting and Auditing Standards Monitoring Board (SLAAMB), as well as the findings revealed through the investigation conducted by Deloitte Touche Tohmatsu India LLP. In particular, the Committee inquired into the failure of the external auditors to identify irregularities in NDB Bank’s financial statements.

The accountability of senior management with regard to corporate governance and risk management in relation to the financial irregularities was also discussed.

As a significant proportion of NDB Bank’s shares are held by institutions representing public and state funds, the Committee also considered the potential impact of such financial irregularities on public funds and the general public.

The Committee also discussed the progress made by LankaPay in establishing a centralized fraud monitoring system to prevent fraud within the financial system. The need to strengthen fraud monitoring systems at the individual bank level to monitor transactions carried out within each bank was also emphasized.

Accordingly, the following observations are included in the final audit report concerning the financial irregularities at NDB Bank:

1. The audit covers the period from 1 April 2016 to 31 March 2026. The audit report specifically identifies the financial impact arising from fraudulent transactions amounting to Rs. 13,639,664,684 (Rs. 13.6 billion).

2. According to the disclosure made on 29 September 2026, the financial impact arising from the fraudulent transactions is as follows:

· Rs. 1.5 billion for the period prior to 1 January 2025;

· Rs. 9.6 billion during 2025; and

· Rs. 2.5 billion for the quarter ended 31 March 2026.

3. Compared with the initial disclosure made by NDB on 6 April 2026, the reported amount of the fraud has increased by Rs. 0.4 billion, from Rs. 13.2 billion to Rs. 13.6 billion. Compared with the amount disclosed by NDB on 26 June 2026, based on the interim report dated 22 June 2026, the additional amount of fraud is Rs. 60 million.

4. The final audit report has also confirmed the previous disclosures that no customer accounts were affected as a result of the fraud incident.

5. The report has identified several governance failures at NDB relating to the processing of CEFT transactions, user-level activities within the Core Banking System, and the management of user credentials and access information. In addition, shortcomings have been identified in several operational areas, including transaction monitoring, daily account reconciliation, financial compliance, internal audit, branch network management, and operational risk management.

The audit report has made comprehensive recommendations to strengthen the control mechanisms, governance structures, and processes relating to the above-mentioned activities of the bank.

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President orders review of laws on treatment of imprisoned monks

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President Anura Kumara Dissanayake has ordered the formation of a committee to review the laws and regulations on how Buddhist monks serving prison sentences are treated, including the procedures that apply when they are taken out of prison.

He revealed this at a special meeting with Maha Sangha representatives held yesterday (8) at the Presidential Secretariat. The meeting was called after concerns were raised over how Ven. Galagoda Aththe Gnanasara Thera was treated when he was taken from prison to court.

The committee will recommend amendments to existing laws and, where needed, new prison standing orders and regulations. Its members will be drawn from the Attorney General’s Department, the Ministries of Justice, Public Administration, and Buddha Sasana, Religious and Cultural Affairs, and the Department of Prisons, including the Commissioner General of Prisons. It has been given two weeks to review the current legal provisions and submit its recommendations. The President added that any changes specific to Buddhist monks would be made in consultation with the Maha Sangha.

Outlining the legal background, the President said prison administration was governed by the Prisons Ordinance of 1877, along with the regulations and standing orders issued under it. That framework mostly addressed prisoners in general, he said, and had few provisions dealing specifically with Buddhist monks.

The meeting was attended by senior Maha Sangha members representing the Siyam, Amarapura and Ramanna Nikayas, along with Minister of Buddhasasana, Religious and Cultural Affairs Hiniduma Sunil Senevi and Minister of Justice Harshana Nanayakkara.

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