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ISRAs of Sri Lanka – Protecting Hidden Shark and Ray Hotspots

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Palk Bay ISRA

When you think of sharks in Sri Lanka, your mind probably goes to the sleek blacktip reef sharks gliding through the reefs of Pigeon Island. But what most people don’t realise is that Sri Lanka is home to over 100 species of sharks and rays—ranging from reef dwellers and open-ocean giants to mysterious deep-sea, with some juvenile bull sharks being found even in freshwater!. They’re scattered across almost every part of the coastline, from coral reefs and estuaries to muddy lagoons and inland waterways. Yet despite their presence, these fascinating creatures remain deeply misunderstood and largely unprotected in national conservation efforts.

Chances are, if you’ve eaten karawala (dried fish) in Sri Lanka, you’ve possibly eaten shark—without even knowing it. Shark meat often ends up in local markets with no species names, and no questions asked. But here’s the catch: unlike fast-growing fish like sardines or mackerel, most sharks and rays grow slowly, mature late, and have very few offspring. Some only give birth once every couple of years. That means that their populations are usually precarious and they are sensitive even to small-scale fishing operations, which push their populations into serious decline. And in Sri Lanka, while vessel sizes are smaller in comparison to many developed countries, the number of vessels combined with their fishing techniques has resulted in the depletion, and in the case of sawfishes, a likely local extinction.

That’s where Important Shark and Ray Areas (ISRAs) come in. ISRAs are a global science-based tool designed to designate places that matter most for sharks, rays, and chimaeras. They aren’t marine protected areas and don’t come with legal restrictions—but they highlight critical habitats based on rigorous scientific criteria. These include areas used for breeding, feeding, migration, or home to rare, threatened, or range-restricted species.

In 2024, after a thorough review and vetting process, five (of the seven) proposed areas from Sri Lanka were formally designated as ISRAs

Bathalangunduwa Island, located on the fringes of the shallow coastal Puttalam Lagoon and off the coast of Wilpattu National Park in northwestern Sri Lanka, qualifies as an ISRA based on the presence of the threatened Winghead Shark (Eusphyra blochii). This area meets two ISRA criteria: it supports a vulnerable species and functions as a reproductive habitat.

Palk Bay, a shallow, semi-enclosed water body shared between India and Sri Lanka, qualifies as an ISRA due to the presence of multiple important species. These include the threatened Shorttail Whipray (Maculabatis bineeshi), the range-restricted Sharpnose Guitarfish (Glaucostegus granulatus), and reproductive populations of the Grey Sharpnose Shark (Rhizoprionodon oligolinx). This was one of the few trans-boundary ISRAs covering both Indian, and Sri Lankan waters.

Pasikudah & Kalkudah, a coastal stretch in Sri Lanka’s Batticaloa District, is known for its coral reefs and nearshore shark activity. This ISRA qualifies due to the presence of threatened and range-restricted species, such as the Stripenose Guitarfish (Acroteriobatus variegatus).

Punnakuda Canyon, a deep-sea canyon located just offshore from Pasikudah & Kalkudah and beyond the boundaries of the coastal ISRA, qualifies based on the presence of threatened and range-restricted deep-sea species, including the Indian Swellshark (Cephaloscyllium silasi).

Pigeon Island, the only ISRA in Sri Lanka that overlaps with a Marine Protected Area—the Pigeon Island Marine National Park—qualifies due to the presence of threatened species and undefined aggregations, notably the Blacktip Reef Shark (Carcharhinus melanopterus).

These areas are already designated ISRAs. In addition to this Sri Lanka also has two “Areas of Interest”; Koddiyar Bay and Hikkaduwa.

While these ISRAs don’t enforce protection on their own, except for Pigeon Island, which happens to overlap with an already established National Park, they’re a vital starting point. They help guide where marine protected areas might be placed, where fishing regulations could be refined, and where development should tread carefully. For Sri Lanka, ISRAs offer a powerful chance to align conservation and fisheries planning before it’s too late.

Most importantly, ISRAs are created using available scientific knowledge. Organisations like Blue Resources Trust (BRT) were able to contribute to the designation of ISRA’s due to long-term monitoring of shark and ray fisheries across the country. BRT has built the largest dataset on Sri Lankan sharks and rays, thanks to contributions from the Tokyo Cement Group, the Save Our Seas Foundation (SOSF), the Marine Conservation and Action Fund (MCAF) of the New England Aquarium, the Hong Kong Ocean Park Conservation Foundation (OPCFHK), the Prince Bernhard Nature Fund, amongst others.

By designating our ISRAs, Sri Lanka now has the recognition to make smarter, science-led decisions for the ocean’s most vulnerable species.

As shark and ray populations decline under pressure from overfishing, habitat loss, and climate change, knowing where they still have a chance to thrive is the first step toward saving them. Through ISRAs, Sri Lanka can take the lead in showing how conservation and coastal livelihoods can go hand in hand.

To explore ISRA maps and learn more, visit: https://sharkrayareas.org



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ADB-backed grid upgrade tender signals next phase of Sri Lanka’s energy transition

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Solar panels – central to renewable energy generation

In a move that highlights Sri Lanka’s accelerating push toward a more resilient and renewable-powered electricity system, the National System Operator Private Limited (NSO) has called for international bids to modernise the country’s core grid management infrastructure.

The tender—issued under the Power System Strengthening and Renewable Energy Integration Project (PSSREIP)—is backed by the Asian Development Bank (ADB), reflecting continued multilateral confidence in Sri Lanka’s energy reform trajectory despite recent economic headwinds.

At the heart of the project is the integration of a Renewable Energy Management System (REMS) with a fully upgraded SCADA/EMS platform at the National System Control Centre. While technical in appearance, energy experts say the implications are far-reaching: this is the digital backbone required for managing a grid increasingly dominated by intermittent renewable sources.

“This is not just another infrastructure upgrade—it’s a systems transformation,” a senior power sector analyst said. “Without this layer of intelligence, scaling up solar and wind becomes operationally risky.”

Sri Lanka has in recent years expanded its renewable energy footprint, particularly in solar and wind. But the lack of advanced real-time forecasting and dispatch capabilities has often limited how much of that energy can be safely absorbed into the grid. The proposed REMS integration directly addresses that bottleneck.

From a financial perspective, the project also highlights the continued role of concessional development financing in de-risking large-scale energy investments. The ADB’s involvement ensures not only funding support but also procurement discipline through its Open Competitive Bidding (OCB) framework—seen by analysts as a safeguard for transparency and technical quality.

The tender sets a relatively high bar for bidders, requiring prior experience in similar large-scale contracts exceeding USD 6 million and a minimum average annual turnover of USD 16 million. This suggests the project is likely to attract major international engineering and energy technology firms, potentially opening the door for advanced grid solutions and knowledge transfer.

Beyond its technical scope, the initiative comes at a critical time for Sri Lanka’s energy economy. Rising generation costs, fuel import pressures, and the need for tariff stability have intensified the urgency for efficiency gains within the system. A smarter grid—capable of optimising dispatch and reducing losses—could ease some of these structural pressures.

Moreover, the project aligns with Sri Lanka’s broader climate commitments and long-term goal of increasing renewable energy penetration. Analysts note that without investments in grid intelligence and flexibility, renewable targets risk remaining aspirational rather than achievable.

The deadline for bid submissions is May 14, 2026, with implementation expected to span approximately 18 months from contract award.

If executed effectively, the NSO-led initiative could mark a decisive shift—from a conventional grid struggling with variability to a digitally enabled system capable of managing the complexities of a modern energy mix.

For policymakers, investors, and consumers alike, the message is clear: the transition to clean energy is no longer just about adding megawatts—it is about building the intelligence to manage them.

By Ifham Nizam

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Update on independent forensic review

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We wish to provide an update on the actions being taken following the recently identified incident.

In line with the Corporate Disclosure made on 23rd April 2026 and as indicated in our 6th April 2026 Corporate Disclosure, an independent forensic review focused specifically on the fraudulent transactions has been initiated and will be conducted by Deloitte Touche Tohmatsu India LLP, a globally recognized firm with expertise in forensic investigations. This process is being carried out in consultation with, and in line with recommendations from, the Director of Bank Supervision of the Central Bank of Sri Lanka.

The forensic review will examine the circumstances surrounding the fraudulent transactions, including any lapses in controls, oversight, and governance during the relevant period. Its findings, including any interim updates and the final report, will be submitted directly to the Central Bank of Sri Lanka.

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Pathiraja appointed Controller General of Immigration and Emigration

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Chaminda Pathiraja

In a move aimed at reinforcing institutional stability and administrative efficiency, the Cabinet of Ministers has approved the permanent appointment of Iraj Chaminda Pathiraja as Controller General of Immigration and Emigration.

Pathiraja, a senior officer in the Special Grade of the Sri Lanka Administrative Service (SLAS), had been serving in the position in an acting capacity since May 2025. His confirmation to the top post signals continuity in leadership at a time when the country is seeking to strengthen border management and streamline migration processes.

The proposal for his appointment was submitted by Ananda Wijepala, Minister of Public Security and Parliamentary Affairs, and received Cabinet approval this week.

Government sources said the decision reflects confidence in Pathiraja’s administrative experience and his performance during his tenure as acting Controller General. His role is considered critical in overseeing Sri Lanka’s immigration framework, including visa issuance, border control operations, and emigration regulation.

The Department of Immigration and Emigration plays a key role in national security architecture, particularly amid evolving regional mobility trends and increasing demand for efficient public services. Officials noted that stable leadership is essential to ensure policy consistency and operational effectiveness.

Pathiraja’s appointment comes at a time when Sri Lanka is placing renewed emphasis on governance reforms within the public sector. Strengthening institutional capacity, improving service delivery, and enhancing transparency have been identified as key priorities.

Analysts say the confirmation of a permanent Controller General is expected to support ongoing efforts to modernize immigration systems, including digitalization initiatives and improved coordination with international counterparts.

The government has also underscored the importance of maintaining a balance between facilitating legitimate travel and safeguarding national interests, particularly in the context of global migration challenges.

By Ifham Nizam

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