Features
HUMAN-ELEPHANT CONFLICT: Who is the real Menace?
By Rohan Wijesinha
As per a media release dated July 29, 2024, in an effort to uplift the ecotourism industry in Sri Lanka, the Ministry of Wildlife, Forest Resources Conservation and Irrigation has proposed several measures, and is preparing legislation to implement them. In addressing Human-Elephant Conflict, their proposition commences,
“…measures taken to control the elephant menace…”
https://www.newswire.lk/2024/07/29/sri-lanka-sees-surge-in-tourism-due-to-eco-friendly-initiatives/
This is a press statement from the only Ministry that is established for conservation and wildlife, and for the protection of Sri Lanka’s iconic endangered species, the Sri Lankan Elephant. They proclaim an endangered creature whose protection they have responsibility for a ‘menace’!
This same media release also states the following:
“…4,700 workers have been hired to maintain the existing 5,390 Km of electric fencing.”
Electric fencing is, currently, the most effective way of keeping elephants out of an area; however, they have to be erected in the right place, on ecological boundaries and not administrative ones. Sri Lanka currently has the highest percentage of human-elephant conflict (HEC) amongst nations that host this special species. If the existing electric fences, of a length that can circumvent this island twice over, were effective, then Sri Lanka would not suffer the ignominy of heading such shameful statistic. It is very apparent that these fences are in the wrong places. Virtually all electric fences erected on administrative boundaries have elephants on both sides. So why all of this expense to maintain something that has been incorrectly done? Would it not be better to spend time and expense on relocating these fences to where they should be?
The media release goes on to state that
“The Ministry also plans to conduct a survey on the country’s elephant population for the first time in 13 years…”
This is an admission that the true number of wild elephants in Sri Lanka is not known. The last survey, conducted in 2011, produced an estimate of 5,879. However, unlike in Africa, where elephants can be relatively easily counted on the open plains, in Sri Lanka, it is much harder to make accurate counts as the usual habitat of elephants is of grasslands interspersed with forests and scrubland. Aerial surveys are of little use. In addition, the elephants need to be counted by those who can easily identify different individuals, or the same animal may be counted several times. This accuracy may not always achieved by the use of volunteers.
Policy based on fact or fallacy?
A Member of Parliament recently made a statement in the House that Sri Lanka’s elephant population had increased and that they should be exported or taken into captivity. In response, the Minister for Wildlife stated that
“…the elephant population has increased as natural deaths have decreased due to measures taken to protect them.”
Based on which information are these alarming statements made? The last census? Or have they already determined the result of the proposed count?
In the meantime, the stark reality is as follows:
As per official figures, between 2012 and 2023, 3,740 elephants died, over half at the hands of humans, and brutally, from gunshots, poison, electrocution, train and road accidents, and in prolonged agony from snares, and worst of all Hakka patas (Jaw Bombs), where they perish after several days from having their mouth parts blown off.
This represents 64% of the estimate of 2011. Even if, as alleged by the Minister, that 2011 number has doubled, that is still a third of the original number. This is the systematic decimation of a species.
The actuality, however, may be that as elephant habitat and forests are destroyed and encroached on, elephants have become more visible and are forced to find food somewhere, even in human cultivations. In addition, research has shown that where they have been confined to areas by ill-advised fencing, as in the Yala National Park, over 50% of calves do not survive to adolescence. With a lack of food and their mother’s being unable to produce sufficient milk for their nutrition, they starve to death.
Who is the real menace?
Elephants cause less than 20% of crop depredation yet, from those wild animals who feed on human cultivations, they are the only ones who have the ability to fight back when threatened. This has resulted in 1,090 people losing their lives between 2014 and 2023. Every human life is precious and their deaths may have been prevented if the policymakers heeded the learnings of science and experience. In 2020, a National Action Plan was formulated, by all stakeholders, to mitigate HEC; strategies that were tested and achievable.
The Plan is being implemented, but slowly, due to there being no government budgetary allocations. However, with funding from the ADB and WB, one of the strategies, that of community-based seasonal paddy field fencing will have over 100,000 ha of paddy tracts protected by the Maha season. After all, the focus should be on protecting people and their cultivations, not on imprisoning elephants to starve to death. If the Government was really committed to mitigating HEC, funding for implementation of the National Action Plan should have been a priority…alas not so!
So, people and elephants continue to die.
Elephants are vital for the economy of the country. As many as 47% of overseas visitors to Sri Lanka visit the National Parks. Minneriya hosts the largest ‘Gathering’ of Asian Elephants in the World, and Uda Walawe is one place where a wild elephant may be observed on any day of the week, on any day of the year. Destroy them, one way or another, and what will there be to attract visitors to these places?
Of course, elections are afoot and elephants do not have a vote. However, what is the legacy that the politicians wish to leave for the future? Or is political survival all that matters? It is not just the Government but the Opposition who see the elephant as a creature to be destroyed too. In a video now gone viral, a politician supporting a leading opposition candidate, who purports to be a wildlife enthusiast, has stated that should he be elected to power, farmers will issued with guns to shoot and kill any wild animal encroaching onto their cultivations. So little hope for the elephant there.
Instead of spouting unfounded proclamations and propose unachievable plans, would the policymakers not be better engaged in taking practical steps to protect humans and elephants from this desperate dance to the extinction of the lesser. After all, approximately 6,000 elephants are up against 22 million people.
The Wildlife & Nature Protection Society (WNPS) are showing some constructive measures that can be taken, rather than empty words. They are piloting cheaper deterrents to keep elephants out of human cultivations and homes, working with elephant researchers and the DWC in the further study of the behaviour of elephants, they also work with local communities to help them understand the value of elephants, and of the enormous economic benefits that they might derive from having these magnificent creatures as neighbours. In addition, they are about to launch a scheme to provide Education Scholarships for all schoolchildren who have lost a parent due to HEC, from 2023 onwards. This will be for the duration of their school careers.
The Oxford Dictionary defines a menace as being “…a person or thing that is likely to cause harm: a threat or a danger.” Are elephants really the menace?
Features
The Division Bell Mystery
Tales of Mystery and Suspense 3
The murder, in a private dining room in the house, is of a financier with whom the government was negotiating a loan. When this seemed difficult the Minister of Home Affairs agreed to lead discussions, since he had known Mr Oissel the financier when they were young. Hence the private dinner, but when the Minister stepped out for a vote, Oissel was shot just as the Division Bell rang.
The Brahms and Simon detective novels, the first of which I wrote about last week, were amongst several books by the pair that Robert Scoble gave me when I was in Australia towards the end of last year. Amongst them was another thriller of a very different sort, though that too was written and set between the wars.
Called The Division Bell Mystery, it was set in the House of Commons, the first such book I believe, and was by Ellen Wilkinson, a Labour MP who became Minister of Education in Attlee’s government after the war, having served previously as Parliamentary Private Secretary to several ministers. Her hero Robert West is also a PPS, but a conservative, and his Minister, of Home Affairs, is an old style aristocrat, not much loved by the less orthodox Prime Minister, who nevertheless needs his support on many occasions.
The murder, in a private dining room in the house, is of a financier with whom the government was negotiating a loan. When this seemed difficult the Minister of Home Affairs agreed to lead discussions, since he had known Mr Oissel the financier when they were young. Hence the private dinner, but when the Minister stepped out for a vote, Oissel was shot just as the Division Bell rang.
West was just outside the door when the shot was heard, and when he opened it saw only the dead body with a revolver beside it. The assumption that this was suicide was however challenged by Oissel’s grand-daughter Annette, who was his heir, on the grounds that he would never have killed himself. But her view was given greater credence by the Inspector put in charge of the case who said there were no burn marks on the body which would have been the case had Oissel fired the pistol himself.
Matters are complicated by the fact that Oissel’s flat had been burgled while he was at dinner, and Jenks the policeman allocated to him, who had served the Home Secretary and seemed more acceptable to Oissel than someone from the Security Service, had been killed. Matters get even more complicated when Annette says her grand-father’s notebook in which he wrote his secrets in cipher was missing.
That was found in Jenks’ pocket, and then a photographer came to West to say he had been asked by Jenks to photograph this. More worryingly for West, he finds in the Home Secretary’s drawer a few pages from the notebook with what appears to be an interpretation of the cipher.
Overwhelmed by all this he confides in a recently created peer who knows all about the business world, who insists that they leave the house party at which they had met over dinner and discuss the matter with the Prime Minister who promptly summons the Home Secretary.
But the Home Secretary had gone to Scotland to launch a ship over the weekend, so the meeting could take place only on the morning of the Monday, when difficult questions were expected on the adjournment motion. He admits at the meeting that he had got Jenks to take the notebook, and also that he knew the code since it had been created by him and Oissel when they were young.
He thought he should resign, and even contemplated suicide, but the Prime Minister told him that that would be even worse for the government, and that he should go home to bed. The Prime Minister said that he himself would handle the question, which he did with aplomb, insisting that confidentiality was needed until the inquest. What had happened would be made clear then, he declared, leaving West and Inspector Blackit and Lord Dalbeattie what seemed the impossible task of solving the murder.
Dalbeattie had suggested that West ask a female Labour MP who was very fond of him to get what information she could from the staff. That there was some involvement there had become clear when West, going back late one night to collect a briefcase he had left in a dining room, found someone lurking in the dark in the corridor outside the private rooms. Room J, where the murder had happened, was meant to be guarded throughout by a policeman, but he had left the room having felt dizzy, and it seemed that his coffee had been drugged. West’s sudden appearance however had prevented anyone else getting into the room.
Dalbeattie decides to recreate the scene of the murder and has a dinner party in Room J on the Tuesday night, inviting West and Annette and the society hostess at whose house he had met, and also Patrick Kinnaird, an MP who was engaged to Annette, as well as the Permanent Secretary to the Home Ministry.
After coffee Inspector Blackit comes in with Grace, the Labour MP who had got the confidence of the staff, and a journalist who had also been helpful, and just as they say they think they are on the track the division bell rings. Grace jumps up and tells the Inspector that that provides the solution and they get a ladder, and sure enough find the revolver in the space where the bell is. Directed at the place where Oissel had sat, it had been primed to go off with the ringing of the bell. The waiter who had helped to set things up made clear who the murderer had been.
The reason for the murder and the confused motives of all those involved made for a fascinatingly intricate mix. But also impressive in the book were the descriptions of the isolation possible in the crowded premises of the house, the forceful characterization of the members – Grace based on the writer, the society hostess based on Nancy Astor, the first female MP – and the laid back nature of senior politicians which West realized had to change in the brave new world of high finance.
Features
The challenge of keeping value-based politics alive
The current outbreak of anti-immigrant protests in Durban, South Africa is bound to have taken many a subscriber to value-based politics or political idealism quite by surprise. After all, this is evidence that despite the historic accomplishments of nation-builders of the stature of the late President Nelson Mandela it cannot be taken for granted that identity politics, including racism in its worst forms, is no more in South Africa.
At the time of this writing details are scarce on the substantive root causes of the protests but it could very well be that economic grievances, particularly on the part of the majority community in South Africa, are contributing considerably to the disaffection. Shrinking employment and material prospects are likely to figure majorly among the factors igniting the unrest.
Fortunately, the local authorities in Durban are losing no time in calling for peaceful co-existence among the relevant communities and are pointing to the vital importance of stepping-up national integration processes. Apparently, immigrants in sizable numbers from neighbouring countries are present in Durban. However, international TV footage of the protests quoted some local authorities as saying that the majority of the immigrants in some centres that housed them were not illegal migrants and had the documents that entitle them to be in Durban.
In the Durban protests the world has fresh proof of the socially divisive consequences of the gathering globe-wide economic disaffection, touched off particularly by the continuing crisis in West Asia. Going ahead, the world would need to brace for increasing identity-based unrest of the kind it is just witnessing in South Africa.
Considering that the material lot of ordinary people everywhere could only aggravate progressively, with the US and Iran showing no signs of negotiating an end to their confrontation any time soon, it will be left to the more democratic and progressive sections of the world community to initiate positive measures collectively to bring a measure of relief to the discontented.
The swiftness with which such relief will be provided would depend crucially on the importance those sections taking up these undertakings attach to value-based politics as opposed to Realpolitik of power politics.
Going by these yardsticks, Italy could be considered to be moving in the right direction. Recently Italy came to the fore in initiating the collective named, ‘Rome Coalition for Food Security and Access to Fertilizer’, which has as one of its aims the swift provision of fertilizer to economically weak African countries.
In a recent statement Italian Minister of Foreign Affairs and International Cooperation, Antonio Tajani, said that a principal aim of the project was to ensure that the farmers of Africa gained easy access to fertilizer, considering that food security is a growing concern among some of Africa’s economically vulnerable countries.
The statement went on to mention that some 30 countries hailing from the Mediterranean region, the Middle East, the Balkans as well as the FAO had been invited to join the coalition. The venture is far-seeing in that food security is main among the reasons for social discontent which in turn could degenerate into endemic political turmoil and bloodshed. Separatist violence and geographical fragmentation of countries wouldn’t be too far behind these developments, as Africa itself has often proved.
It is hoped that more G7 countries would take the cue from Italy and do what they could to ease the hardships of economically distressed countries, particularly of the global South. In these efforts they would need to break rank with the US, which is today brutally indifferent to the consequences of its policy of making ‘America First’, come what may.
Going by current developments, the Trump administration seems to be blithely oblivious to the wider, deleterious effects of its policy course in West Asia. Besides rendering Iran militarily and otherwise impotent nothing else seems to matter to Washington, as regards West Asia. This is policy short-sightedness of an extreme kind. After all, right now West Asia could be said to be sitting on the proverbial powder keg.
On the other hand, Iran is not giving the world the impression that it is doing anything constructive to get out of the policy straitjacket that it wove for itself decades ago. Rather than enter into a policy of ‘live and let live’ in relation to Israel in particular and initiate a process of reconciliation with the latter, it has chosen to operate within policy parameters that continue to damn Israel. This has put Israel always on the ‘defensive’ so to speak and prevented the opening up of space for meaningful dialogue.
That said, Israel is obliged to explore the possibilities of entering into a negotiatory process with the Arab-Islamic world that could lead to a de-escalation of tensions and bloodshed. It cannot continue to look at its neighbours through lenses that distort them as archetypal enemies who should be ‘wiped off completely from the face of the earth.’
In other words, the need is urgent for Realpolitik to give way to value-based politicks. Italy is beginning to prove that the latter approach could be pursued with some success. May be the EU and the UK could throw their weight behind these initiatives as well and establish that international politics could be refashioned on the basis of humane, civilized norms. The UN would need to be fully supportive of these moves and prove an organizational nucleus of the operations that follow.
In fact the time is ripe for people of conscience to collectively stand up on the side of peace and say ‘No’ to war and violence. Organizations such as the ICRC, the WHO and Medicines Sans Frontiers have already taken up this call. Referring to the widespread destruction of health facilities and their dehumanizing results these organizations have said, among other things, that ‘This is not a failure of the law. It is a failure of political will.’
True, ‘failure of political will’ among those powers that matter accounts for the runaway, uncontrollable nature of war and destruction in contemporary times, but more fundamentally it is a failure of the human conscience. It could very well be that the phenomenal levels to which violence and war have been unleashed today have had the effect of deadening consciences. This is a matter for urgent study and wide discussion.
Features
Vesak celebrations … with Cuteefly
I would describe Indunil Kaushalya Dissanayaka as innovative and creative, and she operates under the name of Cuteefly.
Indunil always comes up with something novel to celebrate special occasions, and she does it with candles … and that’s her profession.
She was in the spotlight when she created a happening scene, with candles, for Christmas, Sinhala and Tamil New Year, and Valentine’s Day.
As lanterns light up Sri Lanka for Vesak, the Colombo-based candle maker is quietly turning wax and wick into little pieces of the festival.

Candles reflecting Vesak themes
Her candles reflect Vesak themes – light, peace, remembrance, giving, etc., to enable you to fill your Vesak celebration with devotion and beauty.
Among her Vesak creations is a lotus-shaped soy candle, scented with sandalwood, lavender, etc., meant to burn during this Vesak Poya Day.

Indunil Kaushalya Dissanayaka: Customers
praise her for her creativity
These handcrafted Vesak candles are perfect for offering at the temple, she says.
What makes her creations so novel is that they come in different shapes, scents, themes, and all are handmade.
What’s more, her customers have heaped praise on her for her creativity.
According to Indunil, her creations are perfect as a thoughtful gift … to bring beauty, unity, and light into every moment.
Says Indunil: “Our beautifully handcrafted Unity candles are designed with premium detail and love, making them perfect for celebrations, gifts, and meaningful occasions.”
Cuteefly, says Indunil, is available online.
Readers could contact Indunil on 0778506066 for more details.
He Facebook Page is: Cuteefly.

Handmade with love
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