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Harnessing social protection during pandemics

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Strengthening social protection systems is of critical importance to respond to shocks such as COVID-19. They play a vital role in addressing consumption shortfalls and supporting income and job security for affected communities. Many countries have been taking various measures to strengthen their social protection. These include social assistance measures like cash and in-kind transfers, social insurance measures like pensions, unemployment benefits, social security contribution waivers/subsidisation, and active labour market related measures such as wage subsidies and training measures.

The government of Sri Lanka too introduced a relief package that included both financial and non-financial assistance to help households that were affected by the pandemic. One of the key measures was a social protection measure, i.e. a monthly cash transfer of LKR 5,000 for two consecutive months (April and May 2020) to various vulnerable groups. This social protection measure was based on a number of existing social protection schemes like the Samurdhi cash transfer programme, disability assistance, farmers’ and fishermen’s pension schemes etc. In addition, committees were set up in each Grama Niladhari (GN) division/ward to identify and approve other deserving individuals and families for this cash grant.

Horizontal expansion

Sri Lanka’s social protection response to COVID-19 showed a horizontal expansion/scaled-up coverage compared to the pre-COVID-19 level; it covered not only the current beneficiaries of the programmes considered (e.g. Samurdhi, elder’s assistance and disability assistance programmes) but also those who were in the waitlists as well as individuals and families selected by the Committees.

This social protection measure also indicated some level of vertical expansion, i.e. higher level of benefits compared to their pre-COVID-19 levels. Yet, the level of generosity of the benefits (compared to the pre-COVID-19 levels) varied from 0% to over 100% depending on the beneficiary category (see Figure). For example, over 100% increase in benefits was seen among the current beneficiaries of the Samurdhi and elders assistance programme while beneficiaries of the disability assistance programme and kidney patients allowance merely received their regular monthly allowance of LKR 5,000.

 

Recommendations

Despite the expansion, the cash transfer scheme had a number of limitations. Immediate/short-term measures like distribution of cash assistance are inadequate to sustain the recovery and to mitigate future crises. Long-term measures are required to strengthen Sri Lanka’s social protection.

• Integrated Social Protection System: The COVID-19 pandemic highlights the need for an integrated social protection system and a unified and coordinated structure at the national level as well as at the divisional level in Sri Lanka. The existing system is a fragmented system with parallel structures.

• Scaled-up /Universal Coverage: The pandemic has also shown that not only the poor and vulnerable, but all segments of the population require protection. This calls for a universal social protection system, including social protection floors.

• Digitisation of Payments: Digital payment systems are key to improve efficiency of the delivery process without delays and higher transaction costs, while complying with health guidelines to combat a pandemic. They do not require both physical mobility of people and payments in cash. Thus, it is time for Sri Lanka too to move towards a digital payment system for delivery of cash transfers.

This Policy Insight is based on the comprehensive chapter on “Harnessing Social Protection During Pandemics” in ‘Sri Lanka: State of the Economy 2020’ report – the flagship publication of the Institute of Policy Studies of Sri Lanka (IPS). The complete report can be purchased from the Publications Unit of the IPS.



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Strong demand for government securities signals caution over Sri Lanka’s broader economy

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Investor appetite for Sri Lanka’s government securities strengthened sharply during the week ending May 22, with the Treasury Bill auction attracting bids amounting to about 1.7 times the offered volume, while secondary market transactions in Treasury Bills and Bonds surged 22.8 percent from the previous week, according to the latest weekly report of the Central Bank of Sri Lanka.

The renewed demand for government securities appears to reflect a growing preference among investors for safer and more liquid assets at a time when several segments of the economy are showing signs of uncertainty despite the broader macroeconomic recovery.

A market analyst told The Island Financial Review that the rise in demand for Treasury securities is likely driven by a combination of factors including rising inflation expectations, weakening equity market sentiment, currency depreciation pressures and investors may be attempting to lock in currently attractive yields before any further decline in market interest rates.

“The National Consumer Price Index-based headline inflation accelerated to 4.7 percent in April from 2.4 percent in March, while core inflation also rose to 4.4 percent. Such inflationary pressures may have encouraged institutional investors to lock into relatively attractive government yields before any future market volatility emerges,” he said.

At the same time, the Colombo stock market came under pressure during the week, with the All Share Price Index falling 4.26 percent and the S&P SL20 Index declining 3.55 percent.

The analyst said that part of the funds flowing into government securities may have shifted away from equities as investors sought more predictable returns.

“Another important factor supporting government securities is the persistent surplus liquidity in the banking system. The outstanding market liquidity remained in surplus at Rs. 141.27 billion by May 22, although slightly lower than the previous week’s Rs. 156.8 billion. Excess liquidity typically pushes banks and large institutional investors toward government debt instruments, particularly when private sector credit expansion remains subdued,” he noted.

“According to the data, foreign holdings of Treasury Bills and Bonds declined by 3.32 percent during the week. This suggests the recent demand surge was driven largely by domestic investors rather than foreign inflows, underscoring strong local institutional confidence in government-backed instruments,” he added.

In conclusion, he noted that the strong oversubscription at Treasury auctions reflects growing market confidence that Sri Lanka’s domestic debt market remains one of the few relatively stable investment avenues amid external vulnerabilities and domestic realities.

By Sanath Nanayakkare

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INSEE Lanka powers ‘Build Sri Lanka Exhibition 2026’ as corporate sponsor

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INSEE Lanka, Sri Lanka’s fully integrated cement manufacturer and market leader, took center stage as the Corporate Sponsor of the Build Sri Lanka Housing & Construction Exhibition 2026, organised by the Chamber of Construction Industry of Sri Lanka (CCI). The partnership showcases INSEE’s commitment to advancing the country’s construction sector through quality, sustainability, and industry collaboration.

The exhibition was held from 22-24 May 2026 at BMICH. Stakeholders representing different sectors of the Construction Industry and international participants will be present.

As Sri Lanka’s construction sector enters a new era, the need to unite, innovate, and collaborate has never been greater. Build Sri Lanka is recognized as one of the industry’s most influential events and brings together the full construction value chain including manufacturers, suppliers, architects, engineers, developers, and homeowners into one dynamic platform.

Build Sri Lanka also plays a vital role in bridging industry knowledge with public understanding, enabling informed decision‑making for the construction ecosystem.

For INSEE Lanka, the exhibition is an opportunity to showcase capabilities to contribute to shaping the future of construction in Sri Lanka. Participation also highlights a dedication to drive progress to benefit the sector and the country, creating lasting value for communities and the environment.

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Prime Lands and Melwa set new benchmark in waterfront living at Port City

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In a major boost for Sri Lanka’s luxury real estate sector, industrial giants Prime Lands and Melwa Conglomerate have partnered to develop a landmark USD 57.6 million marina-front project at Port City Colombo. The four-acre parcel, located within the city’s Marina District, will feature ultra-luxury residences with uninterrupted waterfront views—a rare design combining direct access to both the marina and water channel. Construction is set for completion in four years, with projected revenues exceeding USD 250 million.

This collaboration signals growing investor confidence in Sri Lanka’s long-term economic direction, as Port City Colombo operates as the nation’s first foreign currency-designated Special Economic Zone. Beyond luxury living, the project aims to attract global buyers and long-term capital, positioning Colombo as an international lifestyle and investment hub. Prime Lands, Sri Lanka’s top real estate developer, brings three decades of local expertise, while Melwa contributes decades of experience in steel and infrastructure. Together, they emphasize financial discipline, transparency, and global standards—setting a new benchmark for waterfront living and reinforcing Sri Lanka’s presence on the global investment map.

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