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Harnessing social protection during pandemics

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Strengthening social protection systems is of critical importance to respond to shocks such as COVID-19. They play a vital role in addressing consumption shortfalls and supporting income and job security for affected communities. Many countries have been taking various measures to strengthen their social protection. These include social assistance measures like cash and in-kind transfers, social insurance measures like pensions, unemployment benefits, social security contribution waivers/subsidisation, and active labour market related measures such as wage subsidies and training measures.

The government of Sri Lanka too introduced a relief package that included both financial and non-financial assistance to help households that were affected by the pandemic. One of the key measures was a social protection measure, i.e. a monthly cash transfer of LKR 5,000 for two consecutive months (April and May 2020) to various vulnerable groups. This social protection measure was based on a number of existing social protection schemes like the Samurdhi cash transfer programme, disability assistance, farmers’ and fishermen’s pension schemes etc. In addition, committees were set up in each Grama Niladhari (GN) division/ward to identify and approve other deserving individuals and families for this cash grant.

Horizontal expansion

Sri Lanka’s social protection response to COVID-19 showed a horizontal expansion/scaled-up coverage compared to the pre-COVID-19 level; it covered not only the current beneficiaries of the programmes considered (e.g. Samurdhi, elder’s assistance and disability assistance programmes) but also those who were in the waitlists as well as individuals and families selected by the Committees.

This social protection measure also indicated some level of vertical expansion, i.e. higher level of benefits compared to their pre-COVID-19 levels. Yet, the level of generosity of the benefits (compared to the pre-COVID-19 levels) varied from 0% to over 100% depending on the beneficiary category (see Figure). For example, over 100% increase in benefits was seen among the current beneficiaries of the Samurdhi and elders assistance programme while beneficiaries of the disability assistance programme and kidney patients allowance merely received their regular monthly allowance of LKR 5,000.

 

Recommendations

Despite the expansion, the cash transfer scheme had a number of limitations. Immediate/short-term measures like distribution of cash assistance are inadequate to sustain the recovery and to mitigate future crises. Long-term measures are required to strengthen Sri Lanka’s social protection.

• Integrated Social Protection System: The COVID-19 pandemic highlights the need for an integrated social protection system and a unified and coordinated structure at the national level as well as at the divisional level in Sri Lanka. The existing system is a fragmented system with parallel structures.

• Scaled-up /Universal Coverage: The pandemic has also shown that not only the poor and vulnerable, but all segments of the population require protection. This calls for a universal social protection system, including social protection floors.

• Digitisation of Payments: Digital payment systems are key to improve efficiency of the delivery process without delays and higher transaction costs, while complying with health guidelines to combat a pandemic. They do not require both physical mobility of people and payments in cash. Thus, it is time for Sri Lanka too to move towards a digital payment system for delivery of cash transfers.

This Policy Insight is based on the comprehensive chapter on “Harnessing Social Protection During Pandemics” in ‘Sri Lanka: State of the Economy 2020’ report – the flagship publication of the Institute of Policy Studies of Sri Lanka (IPS). The complete report can be purchased from the Publications Unit of the IPS.



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Vehicle permit revival threatens governance credibility – Advocata

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Advocata warns revival of vehicle permits threatens governance credibility, public trust and economic reform and strongly cautions against government consideration to allow vehicle imports for high-ranking government officials who received permits upon retirement.

According to statements in Parliament, 1,900 permits have already been issued under this concessional scheme for senior officials, with 563 permits issued in 2025 alone. Meanwhile, ordinary citizens endure an extended vehicle import ban and some of the highest effective taxes on personal transport vehicles in the world.

During the presentation of the 2026 Budget Proposal, President Anura Kumara Dissanayake declared: “There will be no permits. The permit culture must end in Sri Lanka!”

Advocata welcomed this commitment, recognising permit culture as a relic of a feudal system, not a feature of a modern economy. It is a system that has, for decades, rewarded privilege over performance, entrenched inequality, and undermined the credibility of the state. The President’s affirmation offered renewed hope that Sri Lanka was finally moving toward transparent and equitable reform.

To now entertain exemptions for a select group sends a dangerous signal about reform credibility. Even policies publicly acknowledged as corrosive have the potential to quietly return.

The Normalisation of State Sanctioned Privilege

Vehicle permits are not compensation. They are discretionary privileges, operating as hidden transfers of public wealth to a privileged few, while the broader population absorbs higher taxes and reduced services. Worse still, they place retirement benefits at the mercy of political discretion, turning professional civil servants into political dependents rather than accountable public servants.

Therefore, it is precisely the high-ranking officials that must lead by example.

In December 2010, Transparency International Sri Lanka revealed that the majority of 65 newly elected Parliamentarians, including 2 Cabinet Ministers, sold their duty free vehicle permits for as much as Rs. 17 million each, when adjusted for inflation using Department of Census and Statistics figures, that windfall is equivalent to which adjusted for inflation sits at approximately Rs. 48 million today.

In December 2012, in an event the Sunday Times classified as a “Christmas Bonanza for MPs,” the Government granted permission for MPs to openly sell their duty free permits. At the time, they sold for Rs. 20 million each, which adjusted for inflation sits at approximately Rs. 50 million today.

In October 2016, Nagananda Kodituwakku, an attorney-at-law and rights activist, wrote to the Commissioner General of Motor Traffic, naming 75 MPs who imported luxury vehicles, including BMWs, Mercedes-Benz, Land Cruisers and even a Hummer. The total tax waived per MP ranged from Rs.30 million to Rs. 44.7 million. In today’s terms, this range approximately translates to between a staggering Rs. 66 million and Rs. 98.5 million.

History demonstrates the scale of abuse enabled by this system.

Toward integrity in Governance

As Advocata has previously highlighted, Sri Lanka’s cascading tax structure drives effective import duties on most passenger vehicles into the 125–250 percent range. Every duty-free permit therefore represents a direct fiscal loss; revenue that must be recovered through higher taxes elsewhere or reduced public services for everyone else. Since 2020 alone, more than 25,000 duty-free permits have been issued to government employees, including during the height of the economic crisis.

Making exceptions now would set a dangerous precedent. It signals to every remaining permit holder that persistence will be rewarded, inevitably triggering lobbying pressure and further demands for carveouts. This is how temporary “concessions” become permanent entitlements. Once reopened, the system cannot be credibly contained.

From an economic and governance perspective, reintroducing selective exemptions would undermine public confidence in fiscal consolidation, weaken the credibility of reform commitments, and damage investor perceptions of Sri Lankan regulatory stability and policy consistency.

The appropriate solution lies in transparent, on-budget salary structures, subject to Parliamentary oversight. Crucially, they must compensate public servants fairly without undermining fiscal discipline or institutional integrity, avoiding the distortions created by discretionary privilege schemes.

Advocata calls on the government to take the following actions:

Abandon plans to allow vehicle imports under existing duty free permits.

Commit to permanently ending vehicle permit schemes, replacing them with clear and transparent salary frameworks subject to Parliamentary oversight.

Legislate a prohibition on duty-free vehicle permits for public sector officials, safeguarding against future reversals and ensuring consistent policy application.

Sri Lanka cannot rebuild trust while preserving elite carve-outs. Reform commitments retain credibility only when they are applied consistently — without selective exemptions. Advocata spokespersons are available for live and pre-recorded broadcast interviews via 0755477522

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Sri Lanka gears up for global cycling adventure

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The dignitaries gracing the launch event.

The vibrant island of Sri Lanka is set to welcome cycling enthusiasts from around the globe with the much-anticipated Trek4 Sri Lanka Cycle Ride, an event that promises adventure, breathtaking views, and a celebration of local culture.

Trek4 Ceylon officially announced its annual tour of Sri Lanka at a press conference held at Cinnamon Grand Colombo, unveiling the 2026 five day charity ride dedicated to restoring St. Luke’s Methodist Mission Hospital in Puttur. The trek began from Cinnamon Grand Colombo February 10th and will end in Jaffna on 14th February covering over 560 kilometers across Sri Lanka. The ride will cover some of the most picturesque routes across the island, from the stunning beaches up to Jaffna. Over 50 riders from 11 countries take part in the trek including United Kingdom, Australia and United States of America.

Andrew Patrick, British High Commissioner to Sri Lanka expressed strong support for the Trek4 initiative. He stated, “This cycle trek not only promotes cycling and sustainable tourism but also emphasizes our mission to help local communities thrive. By participating in this event, cyclists will contribute directly to the local economy and foster community development. It’s a fantastic opportunity to explore the beauty of Sri Lanka while making a positive impact.”

Speaking at the gathering Australian High Commissioner Matthew Duckworth said “Cycling in Australia is a deeply ingrained cultural phenomenon, with Australians being world-renowned for their participation in both competitive road cycling and extensive off-road trekking. It was an honor to attend the send-off gathering for the Trek4 cycle ride in Sri Lanka at Westminster House. This initiative not only promotes fitness and camaraderie but also strengthens the bonds between our nations. I am excited to see the positive impact it will have on both participants and the communities they engage with along the way. “

By Claude Gunasekera

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Anticipated uptick in banking and financial sector shares

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Both CSE indices showed high performance yesterday because most stock investors anticipate an upwards trend in the banking and financial sector in the coming months, market analysts said.Amid those developments both indices moved upwards with a high turnover level. The All Share Price Index went up by 37.33 points, while the S and P SL20 rose by 24.17 points.

Turnover stood at Rs 8.5 billion with 17 crossings. Top seven crossings were as follows: Tokyo Cement 11.5 million shares crossed to the tune of Rs 1.19 billion; its shares traded at Rs 104, TJ Lanka 18 million shares crossed for Rs 671 million; its shares traded at Rs 37.50, Sampath Bank 2.35 million shares crossed for Rs 366 million; its shares sold at Rs 156, Tokyo Cement 1.95 million shares crossed for Rs 168 million; its shares sold at Rs 86.20, Colombo Dockyards 1 million shares crossed for Rs 156 million; its shares traded at Rs 156 and HNB 313,000 shares crossed for Rs 136.8 million; its shares sold at Rs 437 and Digital Mobility Solutions 500,000 shares crossed for Rs 79.5 million; its shares traded at Rs 159.

In the retail market, top seven companies that mainly contributed to the turnover were; Tokyo Cement Rs 866 million (8.3 million shares traded), Tokyo Cement (Non-Voting) Rs 746 million (8.6 million shares traded), Colombo Dockyard Rs 410 million (2.6 million shares traded), TJ Lanka Rs Rs 331 million (8.9 million shares traded), Softlogic Capital Rs 305 million (40 million shares traded), Janashakthi Insurance Rs 227 million (1.5 million shares traded) and HNB Rs 152 million (350,000 shares traded). During the day 57.32 million shares volumes changed hands in 36500 transactions.

It is said that construction related companies, especially Tokyo Cement, performed well while the banking and financial sector performed well too, especially Sampath Bank and HNB.

Yesterday the rupee was quoted at Rs 309.20/23 to the US dollar in the spot market, from Rs 309.30/37 the previous day, dealers said, while bond yields were broadly steady.

By Hiran H Senewiratne

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