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Harnessing social protection during pandemics

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Strengthening social protection systems is of critical importance to respond to shocks such as COVID-19. They play a vital role in addressing consumption shortfalls and supporting income and job security for affected communities. Many countries have been taking various measures to strengthen their social protection. These include social assistance measures like cash and in-kind transfers, social insurance measures like pensions, unemployment benefits, social security contribution waivers/subsidisation, and active labour market related measures such as wage subsidies and training measures.

The government of Sri Lanka too introduced a relief package that included both financial and non-financial assistance to help households that were affected by the pandemic. One of the key measures was a social protection measure, i.e. a monthly cash transfer of LKR 5,000 for two consecutive months (April and May 2020) to various vulnerable groups. This social protection measure was based on a number of existing social protection schemes like the Samurdhi cash transfer programme, disability assistance, farmers’ and fishermen’s pension schemes etc. In addition, committees were set up in each Grama Niladhari (GN) division/ward to identify and approve other deserving individuals and families for this cash grant.

Horizontal expansion

Sri Lanka’s social protection response to COVID-19 showed a horizontal expansion/scaled-up coverage compared to the pre-COVID-19 level; it covered not only the current beneficiaries of the programmes considered (e.g. Samurdhi, elder’s assistance and disability assistance programmes) but also those who were in the waitlists as well as individuals and families selected by the Committees.

This social protection measure also indicated some level of vertical expansion, i.e. higher level of benefits compared to their pre-COVID-19 levels. Yet, the level of generosity of the benefits (compared to the pre-COVID-19 levels) varied from 0% to over 100% depending on the beneficiary category (see Figure). For example, over 100% increase in benefits was seen among the current beneficiaries of the Samurdhi and elders assistance programme while beneficiaries of the disability assistance programme and kidney patients allowance merely received their regular monthly allowance of LKR 5,000.

 

Recommendations

Despite the expansion, the cash transfer scheme had a number of limitations. Immediate/short-term measures like distribution of cash assistance are inadequate to sustain the recovery and to mitigate future crises. Long-term measures are required to strengthen Sri Lanka’s social protection.

• Integrated Social Protection System: The COVID-19 pandemic highlights the need for an integrated social protection system and a unified and coordinated structure at the national level as well as at the divisional level in Sri Lanka. The existing system is a fragmented system with parallel structures.

• Scaled-up /Universal Coverage: The pandemic has also shown that not only the poor and vulnerable, but all segments of the population require protection. This calls for a universal social protection system, including social protection floors.

• Digitisation of Payments: Digital payment systems are key to improve efficiency of the delivery process without delays and higher transaction costs, while complying with health guidelines to combat a pandemic. They do not require both physical mobility of people and payments in cash. Thus, it is time for Sri Lanka too to move towards a digital payment system for delivery of cash transfers.

This Policy Insight is based on the comprehensive chapter on “Harnessing Social Protection During Pandemics” in ‘Sri Lanka: State of the Economy 2020’ report – the flagship publication of the Institute of Policy Studies of Sri Lanka (IPS). The complete report can be purchased from the Publications Unit of the IPS.



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Sri Lanka sees silver lining in ties with Russia and Britain amid Middle East shocks

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As geopolitical tensions in the Middle East continue to unsettle global energy and trade flows, Sri Lanka appears to be finding a degree of resilience by deepening economic engagement with partners such as Russia and the United Kingdom.

Recent diplomatic and trade developments suggest Colombo is positioning itself to benefit from both energy cooperation with Moscow and expanded export opportunities in the British market, potentially softening the impact of external shocks on its fragile economy.

During talks in Colombo last week, Foreign Minister Vijitha Herath met visiting Russian Deputy Foreign Minister Andrey Rudenko, with both sides reaffirming their commitment to strengthening bilateral ties.

Rudenko has described the island as a long-standing friend of Russia and pledged support in several key areas, including oil supplies, investment promotion, and tourism cooperation.

The assurance of energy support comes at a time when global oil markets remain volatile due to geopolitical tensions and shifting sanctions regimes. Russia indicated it was prepared to assist Sri Lanka with oil supplies if needed, though Rudenko earlier clarified at a policy discussion that Moscow prefers long-term contractual supply arrangements rather than short-term spot deals arising from temporary market disruptions.

For Sri Lanka, which has faced severe fuel shortages in the recent past, such arrangements could offer greater stability in energy procurement during periods of global uncertainty.

Russia also signalled interest in encouraging its investors to explore opportunities in Sri Lanka and increasing tourist arrivals, while expressing readiness to provide compensation for Sri Lankan war veterans who lost their lives while serving in Russia’s war against Ukraine.

Colombo, in turn, emphasized the historic nature of the relationship. Herath noted that the two countries share nearly seven decades of diplomatic ties, adding that the current moment presents an opportunity to expand cooperation through longer-term trade and economic agreements.

While Russia offers potential relief on the energy front, Sri Lanka is simultaneously gaining a competitive edge in exports through new trade arrangements with Britain.

Under the revised Developing Countries Trading Scheme (DCTS) introduced by the United Kingdom in January 2026, Sri Lanka’s apparel sector – the country’s largest export industry – stands to benefit significantly.

The scheme eases rules of origin requirements, allowing exporters greater flexibility in sourcing raw materials while still maintaining preferential access to the UK market. For Sri Lankan manufacturers, particularly small and medium-sized enterprises, this change addresses a longstanding constraint that had limited their ability to compete with larger regional producers.

Industry participants say the reform could improve pricing competitiveness, shorten production lead times, and allow exporters to respond more effectively to the fast-moving demands of global apparel buyers.

Apparel exporter Joe Jayawardena noted that while the scheme provides duty concessions for developing economies, its most valuable feature is the commercial flexibility it offers producers. With more freedom in sourcing fabrics and inputs, Sri Lankan exporters can negotiate more effectively on price, delivery schedules and product specifications – factors that often determine whether orders are secured in the global fashion supply chain.

For Sri Lanka’s economy, the convergence of these developments could provide a modest but important buffer against global turbulence.

Energy cooperation with Russia may help stabilise supply during volatile periods, while enhanced access to the British market could strengthen export momentum in one of Sri Lanka’s most important trading sectors.

An independent economic analyst told this reporter that the offers coming from both countries would be widely welcomed in Sri Lanka, as they are driven primarily by mutual trade interests rather than by deeper strategic or political considerations.

By Sanath Nanayakkare

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John Keells Foundation marks its 21st anniversary with a redesigned website and new Volunteer App

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Krishan Balendra, Chairperson of the John Keells Group launches the redesigned website

John Keells Foundation (JKF), the Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) entity of the John Keells Group, announced the unveiling of its redesigned website and plans to launch a new Volunteer App as it marked its 21st anniversary of incorporation on 28th March 2026.

The redesigned website was symbolically launched by Krishan Balendra, Chairperson of the John Keells Group, in the presence of the JKF’s Management Committee comprising the Group Head of CSR, JKF Project Champions, Sector CSR Coordinators, the JKF team and associated Centre functions personnel.

 Speaking at the website launch, Krishan Balendra said, “I am happy to note features in the redesigned website which amplify the voices of beneficiaries and partners and ease overall navigation, strengthening how JKF connects with our multiple stakeholders. Meanwhile, the new Volunteer App has potential to reach our 15,000+ employees through a dynamic and personalised interface and critically enhance Group-wide data collation and reporting on volunteerism. Both these innovations are meaningful ways of marking JKF’s 21st year, demonstrating how JKF continues to evolve strategically.”

Established in 2005 as a pioneer CSR entity in Sri Lanka, JKF has over the past 21 years, evolved as a dominant force in corporate responsibility, demonstrating how corporates can play a pivotal role in social development through a multi-stakeholder approach. JKF’s dedicated website has since its launch in 2016 served as a vital platform to communicate its wide‑ranging initiatives implemented under the John Keells CSR vision of `Empowering the Nation for Tomorrow’.

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IBH Real Estate celebrates six years of growth

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Romesh Abeysekera

IBH Real Estate marks six years in business this year, having grown from a modest venture founded in 2020 by Romesh Abeysekera into a trusted name in Sri Lanka’s property sector.

The company has built a reputation for serving high-net-worth individuals and investors, particularly in the luxury segment, while offering advisory and legal support beyond standard brokerage.

Abeysekera said the firm’s progress has been driven by trust and long-term client relationships. IBH has also attracted growing international interest in Sri Lanka’s real estate market, bridging local expertise with global investor expectations. The company aims to further strengthen its industry position moving forward.

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