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Expert unsights on liver health and transplantation

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Bangalore-based hepatobiliary surgeon, Dr. H. R. S. Girn, recently visited Sri Lanka on the invitation of Amart Holding’s Medical Tourism Division, where he shared valuable insights into liver health, liver disease, and transplantation. As a leading expert in complex hepatobiliary and multi-organ transplant surgery, Dr. Girn emphasized the importance of liver health awareness, early diagnosis, and the role of lifestyle choices in preventing serious liver conditions.

Understanding Liver Diseases: A Silent Epidemic

During his interview, Dr. Girn addressed a wide range of liver-related topics—from common conditions like non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) to more severe ailments such as hepatitis, cirrhosis, liver failure, and liver cancer.

“Liver diseases often go unnoticed until they reach advanced stages,” Dr. Girn explained. “That’s why prevention, regular check-ups, and awareness are crucial.”

Q&A with Dr. Girn: Excerpts from the Interview

What is Hepatitis?

Hepatitis refers to inflammation of the liver and can be caused by viruses—primarily Hepatitis A, B, and C.

Hepatitis A is typically spread through contaminated food or water, especially in areas with poor sanitation.

Hepatitis B is transmitted through sexual contact, blood transfusions, or sharing of contaminated needles.

Hepatitis C is often a chronic infection and is usually contracted through blood exposure.

“All forms of hepatitis can lead to chronic liver inflammation and, if untreated, progress to liver cirrhosis or cancer,”

Can Hepatitis affect all age groups?

Yes. Viral hepatitis can affect individuals of any age. While symptoms may not always be apparent early on, many patients report persistent fatigue.

Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) What is NAFLD?

NAFLD is a condition where fat accumulates in the liver in individuals who consume little or no alcohol.

“It’s a particularly dangerous condition because it often shows no symptoms until it has advanced to liver failure,

What are the main causes?

Key contributors include:

Obesity

Sedentary lifestyle

High intake of processed or fast foods

Diabetes (both Type 1 and Type 2)

Are both men and women at risk?

Absolutely. Both genders are susceptible, though women are often more sensitive to the damaging effects of alcohol on the liver.

“You don’t need to be an alcoholic to develop liver disease. Many social drinkers develop severe liver conditions,

Liver Transplantation and When is it necessary?

Liver transplantation becomes essential when the liver fails, often due to chronic conditions like cirrhosis, hepatitis, or liver cancer. In advanced stages, when other organs such as the kidneys or lungs are affected, transplantation may be the only lifesaving option.

Is it curable ?

Transplantation can offer a new lease on life. However, if the underlying cause of liver damage (e.g., hepatitis C) remains active and persistant the disease can recur in the new liver.

What about accessibility and cost?

Liver transplants are expensive worldwide. Unfortunately, the demand for donor organs far exceeds supply. In India, particularly in Bangalore, government schemes and charitable organizations are often involved in assisting patients financially.

Symptoms and diagnosis of non Alcholic Fatty Liver Disease

Are there early

symptoms?

Most patients with NAFLD are asymptomatic. In advanced cases, mild abdominal pain, fatigue, nausea, or vomiting may occur. Without intervention, it can lead to cirrhosis and eventually liver failure.

How is it diagnosed?

People with risk factors are encouraged to undergo:

Liver function tests every six months

Abdominal ultrasound

FibroScan (in some cases)

“Even young adults can have fatty liver. The best intervention is sustained weight loss and control of diabetes and cholesterol,

Cirrhosis is more than just alcohol

Is alcohol the only cause of cirrhosis?

No. While alcohol is a major factor, it accounts for only about 50% of all cirrhosis cases. The rest are due to:

Viral hepatitis

Genetic disorders

Autoimmune and metabolic diseases

Liver Cancer: A growing Concern

Liver cancer is often diagnosed late due to its asymptomatic nature. Almost all chronic liver diseases can evolve into cancer if left unmanaged.

What are the key barriers to prevention and early detection?

Lack of public awareness

Inaccessible routine screenings, especially in rural areas

Undiagnosed hepatitis B and C

Limited knowledge among healthcare workers

The liver has no pain receptors, which means most diseases progress silently. That’s why regular check-ups are essential for at-risk populations.

Preventive Measures

Avoid smoking and excessive alcohol

Maintain a healthy weight

Eat a diet rich in fruits, vegetables, and antioxidants

Undergo regular liver screenings if at risk

Dr. H. R. S. Girn is a Senior Consultant and Head of Department at Aster Whitefield Hospital, Bangalore, specializing in adult and pediatric liver transplantation, pancreatic and biliary surgery, and multi-organ transplant procedures. He holds extensive international training and has successfully managed complex liver and cirrhotic cases over his career.

For more information about liver disease and treatment options at Aster Whitefield, visit their official website or contact the hospital’s liver care team.



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Meet the author rewriting the rules of children’s fiction

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Representation matters:

By Ifham Nizam

“There are no books written about pirates with prosthetic limbs, sporting blades, or racing wheelchairs—that is, until now,” says award-winning international children’s author Jann Weeratunga, whose Polly’s Piralympics series is challenging conventional ideas about who gets to be the hero in children’s literature.

For Weeratunga, representation is not simply about placing a disabled character somewhere in a story. It is about putting that character at the centre—leading, competing, winning, making friends, overcoming challenges and, most importantly, having adventures on their own terms.

Her books are designed not merely to be read, but to be experienced. Through interactive pages, children can colour, draw, write and respond to the stories, leaving something of themselves behind as they explore themes, ranging from disability and bullying to friendship, resilience and family.

At the heart of her growing literary brand is Polly’s Piralympics, a series in which disability is not presented as a limitation, but as part of a character’s identity and adventure.

The inspiration came from an unexpected moment during the closing speech of the 2012 London Paralympic Games by Sir Philip Craven. He recalled a young boy looking at an illustration of a pirate with an eye patch, a hook, a parrot and a wooden leg.

When his mother asked who the figure was, the boy replied that because the man had only one leg, “he must be an Olympian.”

The story moved Weeratunga deeply.

That moment of innocent perception—where disability was associated with sporting achievement rather than limitation—sparked the idea of Polly and her extraordinary Piralympic world.

In the series, Polly, a bird-napped African parrot, finds herself bullied in a Scottish pet shop before being rescued by Captain Hake. Their shared one-eyed view of the world becomes the beginning of an unusual friendship. Captain Hake teaches Polly the ways of a pirate, while Polly creates the Fellowship of Pirates and the Pirates Paralympics.

Soon, pirates from around the world are competing in events ranging from three-legged races and climb-the-rigging gymnastics to walk-the-plank diving and even a MasterChef competition.

It is an imaginative world, but behind the humour and adventure lies a serious message about inclusion and leadership.

Weeratunga recalls one school visit that brought home to her exactly why the books mattered.

A student with a prosthetic leg embraced her and said: “Thank you for writing these books for me, Auntie.”

The words left her overwhelmed.

“That was why I had written these books,” Weeratunga reflects.

Her journey towards becoming an author, however, began long before Polly sailed into the world of children’s fiction.

Earlier in her life, Weeratunga was a Scout Leader in the UK, where volunteering became a way of life. She subsequently spent a decade in Sri Lanka, falling in love not only with a Sri Lankan, but with the country itself.

After her husband died just four years into their marriage, she joined five other women to establish a small school in Senarathwela to teach English to those who wanted to learn. Many of her pupils, subsequently, found employment at the newly opened Victoria Golf Course.

When she returned to Sri Lanka in 2025 and revisited the village and golf course, she found a landscape transformed by new roads, homes, shops and businesses. But the people she had taught remained.

“The village is unrecognisable, with new roads, homes, shops and businesses, but my dear pupils were still there as Caddies, Caddy Master and Golf Pro. I was so proud of them,” she says.

Her connection with Sri Lanka deepened further during one of the country’s darkest moments.

On Boxing Day 2005, while holidaying in the UK with her recently widowed mother, Weeratunga was woken by the words: “Something terrible has happened in Sri Lanka.”

She rushed to the television and witnessed the devastating aftermath of the Indian Ocean tsunami.

That very day, she established a non-profit organisation to raise funds and take relief to Sri Lanka. With support from local McDonald’s franchises, schools in Ferndown, the Mayor of Ferndown, freight companies and her friend Mr Wijekoon, a local Grama Niladhari, she helped rebuild lives in Arugam Bay.

The experience was hands-on and deeply personal. A family’s home had been swept away, and days were spent persuading surfers to help construct a future for her adopted family.

A Montessori was established on the hill, within the Buddhist temple grounds, while evenings were spent crafting, building and working with a small but effective generator.

Meals of rice and curry, prepared by the family’s sisters, using provisions donated from Senarathwela, brought the long days to a close.

When Weeratunga returned to the family, in 2025, she was able to see how far they had come.

Jann Weeratunga

Today, living in South Africa, she continues to draw inspiration from the landscape around her.

“Travelling—it leaves you speechless and then turns you into a storyteller,” she says, echoing the famous words attributed to Ibn Battuta.

And storytelling has become her way of opening conversations with a new generation.

While Polly’s Piralympics remains the flagship of her children’s publishing brand, Weeratunga’s wider collection explores a range of issues that matter to children and parents.

Terry and the Bully gives children practical and empowering ways to stand up for themselves, transforming a difficult subject into a story through which young readers can explore courage and self-confidence.

In Evie Visiting Grandma, children encounter the sensitive experience of visiting a loved one who now lives in a residential home. Rather than avoiding a potentially difficult subject, the story gently opens the door to conversations about ageing, family and change.

Terry the Toucane explores another universal childhood experience—the challenge and beauty of being different. Its central message is simple: being different should never prevent us from developing deep and lasting friendships.

Then there is Captain Bluebird, a resilient and entertaining adventure exploring what happens when Captain Bluebird receives a brand-new ship.

Across the collection, Weeratunga combines entertainment with meaningful life lessons, while her interactive approach gives children an opportunity to become participants rather than passive readers.

They can colour illustrations, draw pictures and respond to pages, making each reading experience personal.

That approach also gives the books an added value for parents and educators. They can become conversation starters—helping adults discuss subjects that children may find difficult to raise directly.

For Weeratunga, this is part of the larger purpose of her work.

Her books seek to fill a gap in children’s literature where diverse characters are not simply included for the sake of inclusion, but are given agency, personality and leadership.

In Polly’s Piralympics, disabled characters are not watching from the sidelines. They are the stars.

They lead.

They compete.

They win.

They champion their own adventures.

And that, ultimately, is the brand Weeratunga is building: children’s stories in which every child can find a place, a voice and perhaps even a little courage to become the hero of their own story.

Representation matters.

For young readers in Sri Lanka, Weeratunga’s books are now available through Sarasavi Bookshop, Vijitha Yapa Bookshop, M. D. Gunasena and Expo Graphics, Battaramulla.

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An evening where hearts sang as one

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Rajiv and Clan kept the evening alive with their vibrant music

By Zanita Careem

Music, laughter and a generous spirit filled Raflfles Hotel Colombo as Heart to Heart sing along brought together a vibrant gathering for an evening of melody, friendship and giving. The elegant ballroom reverberated with familiar lyrics as guests joined in, sang along and simply let their hair down. Adding to the infections atmosphere was the talented Rajiv and Clan, whose lively performance kept the energy soaring and had the gathering singing to some much loved favourites.

Keeping the evening moving with plenty of wit and warmth was the compere Mirzab Sherifdeen who ensured there was never a dull moment between the music, laughter and spontaneous sing-along moments, Guests were also treated to prizes galore adding an extra element of excitement to an already festive evening. There was cheers as winners stepped forward to collect their prizes, while friends and families aplauded and celebrated every winning moment.

Yet beneath all the sparkle was the meaningful purpose of Heart to Heart Trust Fund, founded by Dr. Rajitha Y de Silva and Dr. Ruwan Ekanayake, bringing people together in support of a cause built on compassion and care.

The dedications and the volunteering was evident throughout the evening with their commitment adding a special warmth to this special event.

Adding to the evening’s indulgence was a sumptous spread of cuisine by the Raffles, Hotel with an enticing selectiom that kept guests happily returning for more. From savoury favourites to tempting desserts, the food complemented the festive mood perfectly.

As the final song faded and the evening drew to a close, there was a quiet sense of gratitude. Behind the music, laughter, prizs and beautiful memories was a cause built as compassion, a cause that has continued to touch lives through the dedication of Dr. Rajitha de Silva and everyone who has stood beside him in the journey of Heart to Heart.

And as guests left Raffles Hotel with the last melodies still lingering in the air the most beautiful note of the evening remained – the sound of hearts earning for hearts. At the very heart of Hearts to Heart is Dr. Rajitha whose compassion has become the soul of the initiative. Dr. Rajitha’s work reminds us that medicine is not only about repairing what is broken. It is about giving people the courage to believe in tomorrow. And perhaps that is the greatest gift he offers. This spirit was beautifully reflected throughout the evening.It was a beautiful evening of music, friendship and generosity, with every contribution going towards a worthy cause- keeping alive a legacy built one one simple but powerful belief that every heart deserves a chance to beat on.

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Taste of Ceylon leaves a lasting flavour

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The scene at Taste of Ceylon

Taste of Ceylon opened its doors at Beira Kitchen, Courtyard by Marriott Colombo, on September 3rd; a festival of Southern, Central, Uva and Northern regional food, brought together on one table.

Four Regions, One Unforgettable Table

Each night, guests moved between four distinct culinary worlds. From the South came the deep, coconut-rich flavours of malu abulthiyal and Negombo pork curry with pineapple, alongside a lively fish polla roti action station. The Central province brought Kandalama lake fish, black octopus curry and carrot kalupol; dishes rooted in the region’s lakes and forests. Uva’s table leaned rustic and warming, with village chicken stew, prawn curry with murunga, and a coconut pittu drawing steady queues. And from the North came bold, unmistakable flavours of Jaffna crab curry, Jaffna mutton curry, and a dosai action station that quickly became one of the evening’s most talked-about corners.

Layered around the four regional stations was a spread that told its own story of Sri Lankan hospitality, from belimal herbal welcome drinks and a bread corner stretching from curry leaves rolls to kurakkan viyana rolls, to a dessert corner where watalappan, wood-apple coconut wandu and king coconut jelly sat alongside a full spread of traditional Sri Lankan sweets like kokis, athirasa and aluwa.

What the guests had to say

The feedback on opening night carried a common thread: guests were struck by just how different each region’s food tasted, side by side, on the same table. What could easily have blurred into “just Sri Lankan food” instead came through as four distinct culinary identities; the fire of the North, the coastal warmth of the South, the earthiness of the Central hills, and the rustic comfort of Uva, each unmistakably its own.

A Word from the team

Reflecting on the festival, the team at Courtyard by Marriott Colombo shared that Taste of Ceylon was designed from the start to be more than a menu. It was meant to be an experience guests could travel through, one region at a time, without leaving Beira Kitchen. Judging by the response over the four nights, that’s exactly how it landed.

There were many rave reviews and as the Taste of Ceylon experience at Beira Lake drew to a close, the flavours, aromas and vibrant spirit of Sri Lanka lingered on.

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