Features
Energy, EVs, environment and economy
by M. Rizwan Muzzammil
According to an article in ‘The Diplomat’ (2nd Oct., 23), the Sri Lankan government has committed to supplying 70% of its domestic electricity, with renewable energy sources, by 2030, with the longer-term goal of achieving a fully renewable electricity supply by 2050. The government is incentivised by “debt-for-renewables swap”, which enables heavily indebted countries to restructure a portion of their external debt on to more favourable terms in exchange for environmental commitments.
In addition, a strong push is observed for fully electric vehicles (EVs) with incentives on offer.
In general, the public opinion on these environmental developments is likely to be positive. On a global level, the environment is a hot topic, with climate change, carbon dioxide emissions, EVs, and sustainable growth occupying the minds of many policy-makers.
It is now widely accepted that fossil fuels (oil, coal and natural gas) negatively impact the environment by causing climate change through carbon dioxide emissions.
For these reasons, renewable energies and achieving ‘net zero emissions,’ through EVs, is considered to be a top priority. This is required to happen even at the expense of economic growth, which is deemed to be detrimental for the Earth’s resources.
However, some research on this topic shows that the situation is more nuanced than what may first seem apparent. The author presents some arguments for the reader’s consideration and references material from the books ‘Fossil Future’ (2022) by Alex Epstein and ‘In Defense of Capitalism’ (2023) by Rainer Zitelmann. The reader is encouraged to refer to these books for more details.
Fossil fuels
In ‘Fossil Future’ Epstein, notes that cheap and reliable energy is needed to keep people warm when it is too cold, and cool when it is too warm. It is used to build shelter, to transport food and resources, for manufacturing and many other applications essential for human flourishing.
Fossil fuels are a cheap and reliable energy source and have been a major reason for the rapid development of economies around the world. As a direct result of fossil fuels large human populations have been saved from tremendous hardship, starvation and poverty.
Epstein points out that much of the present-day narrative on fossil fuels overly focuses on the negatives while ignoring the tremendous positives. Despite the efforts at improving renewable energy technologies, mainly solar and wind, they are still at present no substitute for fossil fuels as a cheap and reliable energy source.
Although climate change is a problem, fossil fuels can be used to protect, mitigate and adapt to its adverse effects, which are predicted to occur gradually over a manageable period of time.
EVs
The push for EVs is a substantial step from the now common semi-electric hybrids. Hybrid vehicles are a well-tested means of transport, and there is much experience in the market with regards to the repair and safety of such vehicles (the Prius is now in its 25th year). However, the problems related to the mass adoption of EVs are still not widely understood. Some examples are:
Due to the presence of the battery, EVs are about 30% heavier, compared to ordinary vehicles. In the event of a collision between an EV and ordinary vehicle, the latter is likely to suffer disproportionately more damage, and passengers more likely to be injured. In addition, multi-story carparks, bridges and highways may need to be reinforced to take on the increased vehicle weights.
Furthermore, EVs that have been involved in accidents can sustain damage to the battery. A chemical leak could result, leading to toxic contaminations and fires, requiring specialized equipment to manage. Emergency response units may need to be properly equipped to deal with such problems.
The charging of EVs may also require an upgrade to the electric grid and household wiring, so that higher electric loads can be handled. In the US State of California, gasoline cars are to be banned for sale by 2035. In order to manage the electric loads on the grid, consumers will be required to charge their vehicles only at certain times of the day. For a developing country like Sri Lanka managed charge times may prove to be a hindrance to economic growth.
Earth’s resources are finite
Many who are concerned about the environment believe that economic growth is problematic. This is because Earth’s raw materials are finite and therefore infinite growth is impossible.
In ‘In Defense of Capitalism’, Zitelmann points out that despite finite raw materials, the correlation between economic growth and resource consumption is becoming ever weaker in the modern era.
Companies are constantly looking for new ways to produce more efficiently with less raw materials. They do this not mainly to protect the environment but rather to cut costs and increase profit. The resulting innovation has promoted a trend called miniaturization.
Zitelmann gives the example of the smartphone, which has now replaced many devices. A basic smartphone now contains a calculator, telephone, video camera, alarm clock, voice recorder, navigation system, maps, camera, mp3 player (replacing cassette or CD player), compass, answering machine, scanner, measuring tape, radio, torch, calendar, encyclopedia, dictionary, foreign language dictionaries, address book, etc. Therefore, the answer to the limited resources problem is more complex than what seems obvious.
What does it really cost?
The push for renewables and EVs is a government initiative, i.e. a form of central planning, and not driven by free-markets. This push is incentivized or subsidized by taxpayer money. This implies that consumers in a free market would reject such solutions absent these incentives, as the true price would be unpalatable.
The masking of the true price is a concern for the general health of the economy. If we consider the general Sri Lankan economic crisis, it can be summed up by saying that the people did not know the true costs of what they consumed, either because it was taxpayer subsidized by debt and money printing (inflation), or the dollar value was manipulated by the Central Bank. Had they known the true cost it is entirely likely that Sri Lankans would have consumed within their means and the crisis never happened.
All government plans must happen by legislative incentives or subsidies. Despite the evils this is considered acceptable because it is widely believed the health of the environment cannot be left to free-markets.
But history informs us otherwise. Zitelmann points out that environmental degradation has been a far more serious problem in centrally planned countries. This despite these same countries often claiming (sometimes boastfully) the environment to be of primary importance.
The example of the Soviet Union
Consider the former USSR. In 1990, Zhores Medvedev noted: “The Soviet Union has lost more pasture and agricultural land to radioactive contamination than the total acreage of cultivated land in Switzerland. More land has been flooded by hydroelectric dams than the total area of Netherlands. More land was lost between 1960 and 1989 through salinization, changes in the water table, and dust and salt storms than the total areas of cultivated land in Ireland and Belgium put together. Amidst acute food shortages, the total acreage of cultivated land has declined by one million hectares a year since 1975. The Soviet Union is losing its forests at the same rate as rainforests are disappearing in Brazil.
In Uzbekistan and Moldavia, chemical poisoning with pesticides has led to such high rates of mental retardation that the educational curricula in secondary schools and universities have had to be modified and simplified.” In the book, Ecocide in the USSR (1992), Feshbach and Friendly Jr. say “no other industrial civilization so systematically and so long poisoned its land, air, and people.”
Private property as a solution
In general, countries which have socialist governments have often ended up with grossly mismanaged environments. Nearer to home India is a good example. The Sri Lankan environment also leaves much to be desired.
But why does this happen? Zitelmann, refers to the German economist Polleit, who states “By monopolizing legislation and jurisdiction, states have been the originators of many environmental problems:”For example, by allowing companies and consumers to dump pollutants on roads and into rivers, oceans, and the air at no cost. Often, this practice is justified on the basis of the ‘common good,’ which places the rights of polluters above the rights of the aggrieved (property owners). For example, owners of property located near an airport must endure increasing aircraft noise without being compensated by the airport operator.”
Thus, the problem occurs fundamentally due to property ownership, namely, the government being the owner and manager of natural resources, and doing a poor job of it due to the lack of market incentives.
A solution to this could be to privatise natural resources as far as possible. This could include land, roads, rivers and even ocean segments. Since the resources will have market value, the owners would be scrupulous in ensuring that they are in no way damaged by others. Anyone responsible for damaging property would be held accountable. Problems such as air and noise pollution could also be dealt with in this way.
A perfect solution is unlikely, but the protection of private property is a well understood concept and likely to yield better results compared to a government solution.
In fact, the most environmentally clean nations are those that are most economically free with more private property. Zitelmann reviews three research indexes: Yale University’s Environmental Performance Index (EPI), The Heritage Foundations ‘Index of Economic Freedom’ and the ‘Open Market Index’ (OMI) and finds close positive correlations between economic growth, free-markets and the environment.
Another study, ‘Is Free Trade Good for the Environment?’’ by Antweiler et al, found that if openness to international markets raises output and income by 1%, pollution concentrations fall by about 1%. The study goes on to say, “At an early stage of a country’s economic growth, a high level of environmental degradation is observed, while, after a critical point of economic growth, a gradual decline in environmental degradation is reported.”
Conclusions
The historical evidence and research show that a centrally planned approach to protecting the environment tends to backfire and not achieve intended goals. The Sri Lankan government could effect better outcomes by relaxing import controls to improve innovation (anyway upcoming), removing subsidies and incentives, and privatizing energy producers and other natural resources as much as possible. Sri Lankans could be better served by deciding for themselves what vehicle or energy or environment is best suited for their needs without incentives or subsidies.
The writer, a civil engineer, resides in Singapore. He can be reached on write2rizwan.m@gmail.com. His previous published articles can be viewed on rizwanmuzzammil.substack.com
Features
The Division Bell Mystery
Tales of Mystery and Suspense 3
The murder, in a private dining room in the house, is of a financier with whom the government was negotiating a loan. When this seemed difficult the Minister of Home Affairs agreed to lead discussions, since he had known Mr Oissel the financier when they were young. Hence the private dinner, but when the Minister stepped out for a vote, Oissel was shot just as the Division Bell rang.
The Brahms and Simon detective novels, the first of which I wrote about last week, were amongst several books by the pair that Robert Scoble gave me when I was in Australia towards the end of last year. Amongst them was another thriller of a very different sort, though that too was written and set between the wars.
Called The Division Bell Mystery, it was set in the House of Commons, the first such book I believe, and was by Ellen Wilkinson, a Labour MP who became Minister of Education in Attlee’s government after the war, having served previously as Parliamentary Private Secretary to several ministers. Her hero Robert West is also a PPS, but a conservative, and his Minister, of Home Affairs, is an old style aristocrat, not much loved by the less orthodox Prime Minister, who nevertheless needs his support on many occasions.
The murder, in a private dining room in the house, is of a financier with whom the government was negotiating a loan. When this seemed difficult the Minister of Home Affairs agreed to lead discussions, since he had known Mr Oissel the financier when they were young. Hence the private dinner, but when the Minister stepped out for a vote, Oissel was shot just as the Division Bell rang.
West was just outside the door when the shot was heard, and when he opened it saw only the dead body with a revolver beside it. The assumption that this was suicide was however challenged by Oissel’s grand-daughter Annette, who was his heir, on the grounds that he would never have killed himself. But her view was given greater credence by the Inspector put in charge of the case who said there were no burn marks on the body which would have been the case had Oissel fired the pistol himself.
Matters are complicated by the fact that Oissel’s flat had been burgled while he was at dinner, and Jenks the policeman allocated to him, who had served the Home Secretary and seemed more acceptable to Oissel than someone from the Security Service, had been killed. Matters get even more complicated when Annette says her grand-father’s notebook in which he wrote his secrets in cipher was missing.
That was found in Jenks’ pocket, and then a photographer came to West to say he had been asked by Jenks to photograph this. More worryingly for West, he finds in the Home Secretary’s drawer a few pages from the notebook with what appears to be an interpretation of the cipher.
Overwhelmed by all this he confides in a recently created peer who knows all about the business world, who insists that they leave the house party at which they had met over dinner and discuss the matter with the Prime Minister who promptly summons the Home Secretary.
But the Home Secretary had gone to Scotland to launch a ship over the weekend, so the meeting could take place only on the morning of the Monday, when difficult questions were expected on the adjournment motion. He admits at the meeting that he had got Jenks to take the notebook, and also that he knew the code since it had been created by him and Oissel when they were young.
He thought he should resign, and even contemplated suicide, but the Prime Minister told him that that would be even worse for the government, and that he should go home to bed. The Prime Minister said that he himself would handle the question, which he did with aplomb, insisting that confidentiality was needed until the inquest. What had happened would be made clear then, he declared, leaving West and Inspector Blackit and Lord Dalbeattie what seemed the impossible task of solving the murder.
Dalbeattie had suggested that West ask a female Labour MP who was very fond of him to get what information she could from the staff. That there was some involvement there had become clear when West, going back late one night to collect a briefcase he had left in a dining room, found someone lurking in the dark in the corridor outside the private rooms. Room J, where the murder had happened, was meant to be guarded throughout by a policeman, but he had left the room having felt dizzy, and it seemed that his coffee had been drugged. West’s sudden appearance however had prevented anyone else getting into the room.
Dalbeattie decides to recreate the scene of the murder and has a dinner party in Room J on the Tuesday night, inviting West and Annette and the society hostess at whose house he had met, and also Patrick Kinnaird, an MP who was engaged to Annette, as well as the Permanent Secretary to the Home Ministry.
After coffee Inspector Blackit comes in with Grace, the Labour MP who had got the confidence of the staff, and a journalist who had also been helpful, and just as they say they think they are on the track the division bell rings. Grace jumps up and tells the Inspector that that provides the solution and they get a ladder, and sure enough find the revolver in the space where the bell is. Directed at the place where Oissel had sat, it had been primed to go off with the ringing of the bell. The waiter who had helped to set things up made clear who the murderer had been.
The reason for the murder and the confused motives of all those involved made for a fascinatingly intricate mix. But also impressive in the book were the descriptions of the isolation possible in the crowded premises of the house, the forceful characterization of the members – Grace based on the writer, the society hostess based on Nancy Astor, the first female MP – and the laid back nature of senior politicians which West realized had to change in the brave new world of high finance.
Features
The challenge of keeping value-based politics alive
The current outbreak of anti-immigrant protests in Durban, South Africa is bound to have taken many a subscriber to value-based politics or political idealism quite by surprise. After all, this is evidence that despite the historic accomplishments of nation-builders of the stature of the late President Nelson Mandela it cannot be taken for granted that identity politics, including racism in its worst forms, is no more in South Africa.
At the time of this writing details are scarce on the substantive root causes of the protests but it could very well be that economic grievances, particularly on the part of the majority community in South Africa, are contributing considerably to the disaffection. Shrinking employment and material prospects are likely to figure majorly among the factors igniting the unrest.
Fortunately, the local authorities in Durban are losing no time in calling for peaceful co-existence among the relevant communities and are pointing to the vital importance of stepping-up national integration processes. Apparently, immigrants in sizable numbers from neighbouring countries are present in Durban. However, international TV footage of the protests quoted some local authorities as saying that the majority of the immigrants in some centres that housed them were not illegal migrants and had the documents that entitle them to be in Durban.
In the Durban protests the world has fresh proof of the socially divisive consequences of the gathering globe-wide economic disaffection, touched off particularly by the continuing crisis in West Asia. Going ahead, the world would need to brace for increasing identity-based unrest of the kind it is just witnessing in South Africa.
Considering that the material lot of ordinary people everywhere could only aggravate progressively, with the US and Iran showing no signs of negotiating an end to their confrontation any time soon, it will be left to the more democratic and progressive sections of the world community to initiate positive measures collectively to bring a measure of relief to the discontented.
The swiftness with which such relief will be provided would depend crucially on the importance those sections taking up these undertakings attach to value-based politics as opposed to Realpolitik of power politics.
Going by these yardsticks, Italy could be considered to be moving in the right direction. Recently Italy came to the fore in initiating the collective named, ‘Rome Coalition for Food Security and Access to Fertilizer’, which has as one of its aims the swift provision of fertilizer to economically weak African countries.
In a recent statement Italian Minister of Foreign Affairs and International Cooperation, Antonio Tajani, said that a principal aim of the project was to ensure that the farmers of Africa gained easy access to fertilizer, considering that food security is a growing concern among some of Africa’s economically vulnerable countries.
The statement went on to mention that some 30 countries hailing from the Mediterranean region, the Middle East, the Balkans as well as the FAO had been invited to join the coalition. The venture is far-seeing in that food security is main among the reasons for social discontent which in turn could degenerate into endemic political turmoil and bloodshed. Separatist violence and geographical fragmentation of countries wouldn’t be too far behind these developments, as Africa itself has often proved.
It is hoped that more G7 countries would take the cue from Italy and do what they could to ease the hardships of economically distressed countries, particularly of the global South. In these efforts they would need to break rank with the US, which is today brutally indifferent to the consequences of its policy of making ‘America First’, come what may.
Going by current developments, the Trump administration seems to be blithely oblivious to the wider, deleterious effects of its policy course in West Asia. Besides rendering Iran militarily and otherwise impotent nothing else seems to matter to Washington, as regards West Asia. This is policy short-sightedness of an extreme kind. After all, right now West Asia could be said to be sitting on the proverbial powder keg.
On the other hand, Iran is not giving the world the impression that it is doing anything constructive to get out of the policy straitjacket that it wove for itself decades ago. Rather than enter into a policy of ‘live and let live’ in relation to Israel in particular and initiate a process of reconciliation with the latter, it has chosen to operate within policy parameters that continue to damn Israel. This has put Israel always on the ‘defensive’ so to speak and prevented the opening up of space for meaningful dialogue.
That said, Israel is obliged to explore the possibilities of entering into a negotiatory process with the Arab-Islamic world that could lead to a de-escalation of tensions and bloodshed. It cannot continue to look at its neighbours through lenses that distort them as archetypal enemies who should be ‘wiped off completely from the face of the earth.’
In other words, the need is urgent for Realpolitik to give way to value-based politicks. Italy is beginning to prove that the latter approach could be pursued with some success. May be the EU and the UK could throw their weight behind these initiatives as well and establish that international politics could be refashioned on the basis of humane, civilized norms. The UN would need to be fully supportive of these moves and prove an organizational nucleus of the operations that follow.
In fact the time is ripe for people of conscience to collectively stand up on the side of peace and say ‘No’ to war and violence. Organizations such as the ICRC, the WHO and Medicines Sans Frontiers have already taken up this call. Referring to the widespread destruction of health facilities and their dehumanizing results these organizations have said, among other things, that ‘This is not a failure of the law. It is a failure of political will.’
True, ‘failure of political will’ among those powers that matter accounts for the runaway, uncontrollable nature of war and destruction in contemporary times, but more fundamentally it is a failure of the human conscience. It could very well be that the phenomenal levels to which violence and war have been unleashed today have had the effect of deadening consciences. This is a matter for urgent study and wide discussion.
Features
Vesak celebrations … with Cuteefly
I would describe Indunil Kaushalya Dissanayaka as innovative and creative, and she operates under the name of Cuteefly.
Indunil always comes up with something novel to celebrate special occasions, and she does it with candles … and that’s her profession.
She was in the spotlight when she created a happening scene, with candles, for Christmas, Sinhala and Tamil New Year, and Valentine’s Day.
As lanterns light up Sri Lanka for Vesak, the Colombo-based candle maker is quietly turning wax and wick into little pieces of the festival.

Candles reflecting Vesak themes
Her candles reflect Vesak themes – light, peace, remembrance, giving, etc., to enable you to fill your Vesak celebration with devotion and beauty.
Among her Vesak creations is a lotus-shaped soy candle, scented with sandalwood, lavender, etc., meant to burn during this Vesak Poya Day.

Indunil Kaushalya Dissanayaka: Customers
praise her for her creativity
These handcrafted Vesak candles are perfect for offering at the temple, she says.
What makes her creations so novel is that they come in different shapes, scents, themes, and all are handmade.
What’s more, her customers have heaped praise on her for her creativity.
According to Indunil, her creations are perfect as a thoughtful gift … to bring beauty, unity, and light into every moment.
Says Indunil: “Our beautifully handcrafted Unity candles are designed with premium detail and love, making them perfect for celebrations, gifts, and meaningful occasions.”
Cuteefly, says Indunil, is available online.
Readers could contact Indunil on 0778506066 for more details.
He Facebook Page is: Cuteefly.

Handmade with love
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