Features
Educational reforms Sri Lanka demands today for a brighter tomorrow
The 32nd Dr. C. W. W. Kannangara Memorial Lecture titled ‘For a country with a future’: Educational reforms Sri Lanka demands today’ delivered by Prof. Athula Sumathipala, Director, Institute for Research and Development, Sri Lanka and Chairman, National Institute of Fundemental Studies, Hanthana, on Oct 13, at the National Institute of Education, Maharagama
Continued From Tuesday (25)
Research on the current school education system, in Sri Lanka, has indicated that teachers recruited for maths and science education are often placed in schools without adequate teacher education and professional development. Short-term training sessions for these teachers are primarily carried out by Teacher Centres and Divisional Education Offices. These in-service training sessions need to be modernised to help provide teachers with the knowledge, attitudes, skills, and values to meet the demands for high-quality teachers. It is a weakness, within the system, that there is no national level consensus on the objectives to be met on Sri Lanka’s teacher education and professional development. A number of institutions work on this matter in isolation, and an eminent Sri Lankan educator, Dr. G. B. Gunewardena, stated, in 2012, that it is a necessity to have a confluent system to liaise between all these separate institutions. It is also necessary to further study the effectiveness of in-service training sessions in improving the quality of teachers.
Principals’ professional
development
This is not a factor that has received much attention in the Sri Lankan education system. All that usually happens is that the divisional/provincial education office informs principals when a new circular is issued. This has led to principals focusing more on meeting the responsibilities imposed upon them, by senior officers, and working according to the circulars, rather than on working on their responsibilities towards students and teachers nor on attempting to build a high-quality education system. There is very limited research on professional development of principals.
The key institution that offers professional development training to Sri Lankan principals is the Faculty of Education Leadership, Development and Management affiliated with the National Institute of Education. It is, however, very difficult for principals from areas faraway from Colombo to attend such trainings. Travel and financial difficulties, and the resistance to residential courses, are the key problems, whereas there is also no motivating factor for principals to participate in such programmes. It is, therefore, rare that principals, from far away areas, such as Ampara, for example, opt for continuous professional development.
However, it is clear that the number of principals participating in these trainings has increased as the training has moved to online learning. This is clearly a benefit of online education. Research on education systems in other countries has shown that although online education is less successful for school children, it can be highly effective in adult education.
For the new educational reforms to be truly effective, it is important to emphasise on the need to consider the bigger picture. Accordingly, a significant change in the mentality of students, teachers and society that helps place teachers and the teaching profession at an honoured and optimal level is necessary.
(vii) Integrating research within the overall scheme of education
Children are by nature researchers. They are inquisitive and explore the world from the day they are born. Children want to know everything; they question everything they see. Some children take apart toys to see how the toy works. This is science. Scientists, who investigate the world, are those who do what children do, in a professional and systematic manner. In this sense, every child is a researcher and a scientist. Researchers go beyond asking questions. They seek answers, or solutions, to the problem, based on research methods, make observations, arrive at conclusions, based on the observed data, and derive theories from it.
It is, therefore, easy to turn every child into a researcher and explorer. It is questionable as to what extent our education system achieves this objective. The group and individual project work introduced for G.C.E. Advanced Level students was an excellent opportunity to achieve such an objective. However, it appears that the value of this project work was not fully appreciated, and, perhaps, because of it, individual project work was removed from the Advanced Level Syllabus. I do not believe there is sufficient emphasis on research. even within the university system. Moreover, research projects are frequently concluded with the limited objective of obtaining career promotion.
Research and development, innovation and
technological transformation
The post-industrial knowledge economy and its growth is closely interlinked with innovation and localised research capacity. University-based research has been shown to be an effective driver for such economically productive innovation. In order to remain globally competitive, it is, therefore, necessary for a country to utilise state investment in universities to stimulate research and development. In line with this global trend, most top Asian Universities have transformed, from ‘Teaching Universities’ to ‘Research Universities’.
A paradigm shift is required in Sri Lankan graduate and post-graduate education to position research and innovation as a key feature and to develop persons with the creative vision for innovation, along with the wide and deep knowledge necessary to convert that vision into a reality. Contribution from research and development is critically necessary for Sri Lanka to stabilise its economy, to ensure national security and for the sustainable development of strategically important sectors. Strategy should focus on capturing available opportunities in a dynamic world since scientific opportunity cannot often be predicted. Flexibility in responding to novel ideas and seizing available opportunities is important for success. For example, the knowledge gaps that were exposed during Covid-19 created unprecedented opportunity for research on as yet unexplored fields. It is also necessary to create mechanisms in co-operation with industry, for the commercial exploitation of innovative products arising from the research, as well as for knowledge creation and transfer.
Sri Lanka urgently needs reforms in higher education that lead to establishing a value chain of co-operation and integration between multiple fields, which can ultimately result in innovation being converted to new products and services. Mere imitation of what is being done in this regard in foreign countries will not, however, suffice in this instance. An in-depth study of the geographic, cultural and socio-economic factors that can impact the relationship between universities and industry is necessary, and these findings should be used to determine a model best suited to Sri Lanka.
Co-operation between universities and industry on innovative products should be developed within a format that benefits all stakeholders. Capacity building, job creation and creation of intellectual property should also be included as part of this process. The research agenda of higher education institutions should, therefore, be developed within a structured framework of scientific, economic and social factors, that can lead to practical solutions for supporting innovation, technological development and its disbursement.
Innovation ecosystem model is a mechanism that has successfully been adopted by many countries and economies with a research and development agenda, and this could be used to help convert Sri Lankan universities into innovation centres where research and development projects are carried out. Accelerating innovation requires the cumulative action and support of a research-friendly vision and culture, legal and regulatory framework, financial and human resources, infrastructure and finally, supportive end-market users. To identify the best mechanisms to stimulate innovation in areas where Sri Lanka has a competitive edge, the innovation process should be considered in its entirety, bearing in mind the inter-dependencies between various stakeholders.
As the first step, research prioritisation should be carried out to identify the sectors which are necessary for post-Covid economic restructuring. Priority should be given to areas such as health, nutrition, food security, import substitution and export promotion. Technological innovation can be used to investigate areas such as online learning, environmental protection, increasing local production, and renewable energy sources such as solar, wind and tidal energy. Policy-making, at a national level, should be evidence-based and universities should be encouraged to play a pivotal role in this endeavour.
Secondly, research and development centres should be created with a global vision, adhering to the highest quality measures and research should be carried out on the most globally relevant fields, so that these institutions and the research benefits generated remain globally competitive. Building effective links with globally reputed research and development institutions, entrepreneurs and industry can add further value to Sri Lankan universities and entrepreneurs, leading to further national development.
In order to arrive at this transformation, attention needs to be paid to increasing resources through investment, identifying and utilising skilled human resources, recruiting and retaining the best researchers and innovators, and to carrying out critically necessary structural changes. Further, key factors necessary are: establishing the highest quality research centres, collective action to raise funds including sourcing donations, and, improving the ability to compete for international research funding. A ‘Department for sourcing, supporting and managing research funding’ should be established at university level. Post-graduate programmes should be structured around key research projects that can lead to effective outputs.
For knowledge creation, it is necessary to strengthen research in Sri Lankan universities.
The focus of research should shift from publishing research papers and using it for promotion towards commercial development of the outcomes of the research.
The new knowledge created from research should be useful for socio-economic development, yielding returns to the public. It is necessary to address the loopholes in this process, to remove obstacles and create opportunities for research that leads to intellectual property creation, innovation and commercialisation. The University Act could be used for this purpose.
Research findings should be used to inform policy-making at national, regional and international levels.
The obstacles to bringing in competitively won research funding from reputed foreign research funding institutions into the country, should be removed urgently.
We need to clearly understand that we live in an era which demands not one Dr. Kannangara but hundreds of, thousands of, Dr. Kannagaras in order to overcome the challenges ahead of us.
The single mechanism to overcome the multiple crises Sri Lanka faces now is to create productive citizens meeting the requirements of the modern world. Finally, I would like to emphasize that this is, indeed, the most appropriate time for a discussion on the broad educational reforms necessary to develop teachers, intellectuals, educators and politicians who can think beyond personal gain, have the knowledge, skills, attitude and the will, to help create such citizens.
Special thanks to Dr. Godwin Kodithuwakku, Former Director, Research and Development Unit, National Institute of Education.
References
1. K.H. M. Sumathipala, The History of Education in Sri Lanka 1796-1965. Tissa Prakashakayo. Dehiwala. 1968.
2. Dr. Swarna Jayaweera, ‘Expansion of educational opportunity–an unfinished task’. Dr. C.W.W. Kannangara Memorial Oration 1989. 13 October 1989.
3. Professor Narada Warnasuriya. ‘The role of the state in higher education’. Dr. C.W.W. Kannangara Memorial Oration 2008. 16 October 2008.
4. Professor Sujeewa Amarasena. ‘Medical Education and the Kannangara Philosophy’. Dr. C.W.W. Kannangara Memorial Oration 2017. 13 October 2017.
5. Mr. R.S. Medagama. ’A review of educational reforms in the Post-Kannangara era.’ Dr. C.W.W. Kannangara Memorial Oration 2014. 13 October 2014.
6. Institute for Research and Development, Battaramulla. ‘’Educational reforms the country demands to create a productive citizen adaptable to the modern world’. Gaveshana, January-March 2022. 39th edition.
About the auther….
Prof. Athula Sumathipala is the Director, Institute for Research and Development, Sri Lanka, which he proposed and co-founded in 1997. Since 2020 he is the Chairman of the National Institute of Fundamental Studies at Hanthana Kandy. He is a Visiting Professor in Psychiatry and Biomedical Research at the Faculty of Medicine, Kotelawala Defence University, Sri Lanka. Prof. Sumathipala has an academic background in Psychiatry and Family Medicine. Furthermore, Prof Athula Sumathipala is also an Emeritus Professor of Psychiatry at School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, Keele University, UK. He is also an Emeritus Professor of Global Mental Health, Kings College, London, UK. He is a Member of the Regional Expert Group on Mental Health for WHO South-East Asia Region. He is the only Sri Lankan to serve as an Editorial Board member of the British Journal of Psychiatry, since it was founded in 1850s.
He is considered an international expert in mental health, ethics and twin research. The majority of his research is based in Sri Lanka, and he has given leadership to multicentre research in collaboration with internationally renowned researchers. He has made an impressive global contribution to scholarly work exceeding 100 publications and text book chapters to publications arising from Oxford University Press and Cambridge University Press
The greatest contribution in his academic career is the establishment of the Institute for Research & Development (IRD) in Sri Lanka, nurturing it from one room and a handful of people to what it is today: an internationally recognised academic research centre that conducts innovative research for policy impact, locally and internationally, and promotes capacity building at all levels.
The IRD received ‘Excellence in international collaboration for the advancement of science and technology’ National Awards Science and Technology Achievements 2018. Its founder Prof Sumathipala received. Individual outstanding leadership in promoting and developing science and technology. National Awards Science and Technology Achievements 2018. He has received HE President’s award (National Research Council of Sri Lanka) for publications in 2001, 2009, annually from 2010 to 2015, and in 2017.
He has been a research ambassador for Sri Lanka, representing the country as a keynote speaker, and panellist at a number of high-profile scientific meetings in numerous international locations.
Features
Cricket and the National Interest
The appointment of former minister Eran Wickremaratne to chair the Sri Lanka Cricket Transformation Committee is significant for more than the future of cricket. It signals a possible shift in the culture of governance even as it offers Sri Lankan cricket a fighting possibility to get out of the doldrums of failure. There have been glorious patches for the national cricket team since the epochal 1996 World Cup triumph. But these patches of brightness have been few and far between and virtually non-existent over the past decade. At the centre of this disaster has been the failures of governance within Sri Lanka Cricket which are not unlike the larger failures of governance within the country itself. The appointment of a new reform oriented committee therefore carries significance beyond cricket. It reflects the wider challenge facing the country which is to restore trust in public institutions for better management.
The appointment of Eran Wickremaratne brings a professional administrator with a proven track record into the cricket arena. He has several strengths that many of his immediate predecessors lacked. Before the ascent of the present government leadership to positions of power, Eran Wickremaratne was among the handful of government ministers who did not have allegations of corruption attached to their names. His reputation for financial professionalism and integrity has remained intact over many years in public life. With him in the Cricket Transformation Committee are also respected former cricketers Kumar Sangakkara, Roshan Mahanama and Sidath Wettimuny together with professionals from legal and business backgrounds. They have been tasked with introducing structural reforms and improving transparency and accountability within cricket administration.
A second reason for this appointment to be significant is that this is possibly the first occasion on which the NPP government has reached out to someone associated with the opposition to obtain assistance in an area of national importance. The commitment to bipartisanship has been a constant demand from politically non-partisan civic groups and political analysts. They have voiced the opinion that the government needs to be more inclusive in its choice of appointments to decision making authorities. The NPP government’s practice so far has largely been to limit appointments to those within the ruling party or those considered loyalists even at the cost of proven expertise. The government’s decision in this case therefore marks a potentially important departure.
National Interest
There are areas of public life where national interest should transcend party divisions and cricket, beloved of the people, is one of them. Sri Lanka cannot afford to continue treating every institution as an arena for political competition when institutions themselves are in crisis and public confidence has become fragile. It is therefore unfortunate that when the government has moved positively in the direction of drawing on expertise from outside its own ranks there should be a negative response from sections of the opposition. This is indicative of the absence of a culture of bipartisanship even on issues that concern the national interest. The SJB, of which the newly appointed cricket committee chairman was a member objected on the grounds that politicians should not hold positions in sports administration and asked him to resign from the party. There is a need to recognise the distinction between partisan political control and the temporary use of experienced administrators to carry out reform and institutional restructuring. In other countries those in politics often join academia and civil society on a temporary basis and vice versa.
More disturbing has been the insidious campaign carried out against the new cricket committee and its chairman on the grounds of religious affiliation. This is an unacceptable denial of the reality that Sri Lanka is a plural, multi ethnic and multi religious society. The interim committee reflects this diversity to a reasonable extent. The country’s long history of ethnic conflict should have taught all political actors the dangers of mobilising communal prejudice for short term political gain. Sri Lanka paid a very heavy price for decades of mistrust and division. It would be tragic if even cricket administration became another arena for communal suspicion and hostility. The present government represents an important departure from the sectarian rhetoric that was employed by previous governments. They have repeatedly pledged to protect the equal rights of all citizens and not permit discrimination or extremism in any form.
The recent international peace march in Sri Lanka led by the Venerable Bhikkhu Thich Paññākāra from Vietnam with its message of loving kindness and mindfulness to all resonated strongly with the masses of people as seen by the crowds who thronged the roadsides to obtain blessings and show respect. This message stands in contrast to the sectarian resentment manifested by those who seek to use the cricket appointments as a weapon to attack the government at the present time. The challenges before the Sri Lanka Cricket Transformation Committee parallel the larger challenges before the government in developing the national economy and respecting ethnic and religious diversity. Plugging the leaks and restoring systems will take time and effort. It cannot be done overnight and it cannot succeed without public patience and support.
New Recognition
There is also a need for realism. The appointment of Eran Wickremaratne and the new committee does not guarantee success. Reforming deeply flawed institutions is always difficult. Besides, Sri Lanka is a small country with a relatively small population compared to many other cricket playing nations. It is also a country still recovering from the economic breakdown of 2022 which pushed the majority of people into hardship and severely weakened public institutions. The country continues to face unprecedented challenges including the damage caused by Cyclone Ditwah and the wider global economic uncertainties linked to conflict in the Middle East. Under these difficult circumstances Sri Lanka has fewer resources than many larger countries to devote to both cricket and economic development.
When resources are scarce they cannot be wasted through corruption or incompetence. Drawing upon the strengths of all those who are competent for the tasks at hand regardless of party affiliation or ethnic or religious identity is necessary if improvement is to come sooner rather than later. The burden of rebuilding the country cannot rest only on the government. The crisis facing the country is too deep for any single party or government to solve alone. National recovery requires capable individuals from across society and from different sectors such as business and civil society to work together in areas where the national interest transcends party politics. There is also a responsibility on opposition political parties to support initiatives that are politically neutral and genuinely in the national interest. Not every issue needs to become a partisan battle.
Sri Lanka cricket occupies a special place in the national consciousness. At its best it once united the country and gave Sri Lankans a sense of pride and international recognition. Restoring integrity and professionalism to cricket administration can therefore become part of the larger task of national renewal. The appointment of Eran Wickremaratne and the new committee, while it does not guarantee success, is a sign that the political leadership and people of the country may be beginning to mature in their approach to governance. In recognising the need for competence, integrity and bipartisan cooperation and extending it beyond cricket into other areas of national life, Sri Lanka may find the way towards more stable and successful governance..
by Jehan Perera
Features
From Dhaka to Sri Lanka, three wheels that drive our economies
Court vacation this year came with an unexpected lesson, not from a courtroom but from the streets of Dhaka — a city that moves, quite literally, on three wheels.
Above the traffic, a modern metro line glides past concrete pillars and crowded rooftops. It is efficient, clean and frequently cited as a symbol of progress in Bangladesh. For a visitor from Sri Lanka, it inevitably brings to mind our own abandoned light rail plans — a project debated, politicised and ultimately set aside.
But Dhaka’s real story is not in the air. It is on the ground.
Beneath the elevated tracks, the streets belong to three-wheelers. Known locally as CNGs, they cluster at junctions, line the edges of markets and pour into narrow roads that larger vehicles avoid. Even with a functioning rail system, these three-wheelers remain the city’s most dependable form of everyday transport.
Within hours of arriving, their importance becomes obvious. The train may take you across the city, but the journey does not end there. The last mile — often the most complicated part — belongs entirely to the three-wheeler. It is the vehicle that gets you home, to a meeting or simply through streets that no bus route properly serves.
There is a rhythm to using them. A destination is mentioned, a price is suggested and a brief negotiation follows. Then the ride begins, edging into traffic that feels permanently compressed. Drivers move with instinct, adjusting routes and squeezing through gaps with a confidence built over years.
It is not polished. But it works.
And that is where the comparison with Sri Lanka becomes less about what we lack and more about what we already have.
Back home, the three-wheeler has long been part of daily life — so familiar that it is often discussed only in terms of its problems. There are frequent complaints about fares, refusals or the absence of meters. More recently, the industry itself has become entangled in politics — from fuel subsidies to regulatory debates, from election-time promises to periodic crackdowns.
In that process, the conversation has shifted. The three-wheeler is often treated as a problem to be managed, rather than a service to be strengthened.
Yet, seen through the experience of Dhaka, Sri Lanka’s system begins to look far more settled — and, in many ways, ahead.
There is a growing structure in place. Meters, while not perfect, are widely recognised. Ride-hailing apps have added transparency and reduced uncertainty for passengers. There are clearer expectations on both sides — driver and commuter alike. Even small details, such as designated parking areas in parts of Colombo or the increasing standard of vehicles, point to an industry slowly moving towards professionalism.
Just as importantly, there is a human element that remains intact.
In Sri Lanka, a three-wheeler ride is rarely just a transaction. Drivers talk. They offer directions, comment on the day’s news, or share local knowledge. The ride becomes part of the social fabric, not just a means of getting from one point to another.
In Dhaka, the scale of the city leaves less room for that. The interaction is quicker, more direct, shaped by urgency. The service is essential, but it is under constant pressure.
What stands out, across both countries, is that the three-wheeler is not a temporary or outdated mode of transport. It is a necessity in dense, fast-growing Asian cities — one that fills gaps no rail or bus system can fully address.
Large infrastructure projects, like light rail, are important. They bring efficiency and long-term capacity. But they cannot replace the flexibility of a three-wheeler. They cannot reach into narrow streets, respond instantly to demand or provide that crucial last-mile connection.
That is why, even in a city that has invested heavily in modern rail, Dhaka still runs on three wheels.
For Sri Lanka, the lesson is not simply about what could have been built, but about what should be better managed and valued.
The three-wheeler industry does not need to be politicised at every turn. It needs steady regulation — clear fare systems, proper licensing, safety standards — alongside encouragement and recognition. It needs to be seen as part of the solution to urban transport, not as a side issue.
Because for thousands of drivers, it is a livelihood. And for millions of passengers, it is the most immediate and reliable form of mobility.
The tuk-tuk may not feature in grand policy speeches or infrastructure blueprints. It does not run on elevated tracks or attract international attention. But on the ground, where daily life unfolds, it continues to do what larger systems often struggle to do — show up, adapt and keep moving.
And after watching Dhaka’s streets — crowded, relentless, yet functioning — that small, three-wheeled vehicle feels less like something to argue over and more like something to get right.
(The writer is an Attorney-at-Law with over a decade of experience specialising in civil law, a former Board Member of the Office of Missing Persons and a former Legal Director of the Central Cultural Fund. He holds an LLM in International Business Law)
by Sampath Perera recently in Dhaka, Bangladesh
Features
Dubai scene … opening up
According to reports coming my way, the entertainment scene, in Dubai, is very much opening up, and buzzing again!
After a quieter few months, May is packed with entertainment and the whole scene, they say, is shifting back into full swing.
The Seven Notes band, made up of Sri Lankans, based in Dubai, are back in the spotlight, after a short hiatus, due to the ongoing Middle East problems.
On 18th April they did Legends Night at Mercure Hotel Dubai Barsha Heights; on Thursday, 9th May, they will be at the Sports Bar of the Mercure Hotel for 70s/80s Retro Night; on 6th June, they will be at Al Jadaf Dubai to provide the music for Sandun Perera live in concert … and with more dates to follow.
These events are expected to showcase the band’s evolving sound, tighter stage coordination, and stronger audience engagement.
With each performance, the band aims to refine its identity and build a loyal following within Dubai’s vibrant nightlife and event scene.

Pasindu Umayanga: The group’s new vocalist
What makes Seven Notes standout is their versatility which has made the band a dynamic and promising act.
With a growing performance calendar, new talent integration, and international ambitions, the band is definitely entering a defining phase of its journey.
Dubai’s music industry, I’m told, thrives on diversity, energy, and audience connection, with live bands playing a crucial role in elevating events—from corporate shows to private concerts. Against this backdrop, Seven Notes is positioning itself not just as another band, but as a performance-driven musical unit focused on consistency and growth.
Adding fresh momentum to the group is Pasindu Umayanga who joins Seven Notes as their new vocalist. This move signals a strategic upgrade—not just filling a role, but strengthening the band’s front-line presence.
Looking beyond local stages, Seven Notes is preparing for an international tour, to Korea, in July.

Bassist Niluk Uswaththa: Spokesperson for Seven Notes
According to bassist Niluk Uswaththa, taking a band abroad means: Your sound must hold up against unfamiliar audiences, your performance must translate beyond language, and your discipline must be at a professional level.
“If executed well, this tour could redefine Seven Notes from a local band into an emerging international act,” added Niluk.
He went on to say that Dubai is not an easy market. It’s saturated with highly experienced, multi-genre bands that can adapt instantly to any crowd.
“To stand out consistently you need to have tight rehearsal discipline, unique sound identity (not just covers), strong stage chemistry, audience retention – not just applause.”
No doubt, Seven Notes is entering a critical growth phase—new member, multiple shows, and an international tour on the horizon. The opportunity is real, but so is the pressure.
However, there is talk that Seven Notes will soon be a recognised name in the regional music scene.
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