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Climate change, biggest security threat in Indian Ocean

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File photo of fishermen in the Indian Ocean

Climate change is fast emerging as the most formidable security challenge in the Indian Ocean Region (IOR), reshaping its strategic and humanitarian landscape, said a report published yesterday by Toda Peace Institute in Tokyo.

The report titled ‘The Case for a Climate-First Maritime Reframing of the Indian Ocean Region’ said that rising sea levels, intensifying storms, and shifting monsoon patterns are already displacing communities, damaging infrastructure, and threatening livelihoods across one of the world’s most vital maritime zones.

The Indian Ocean, which links major economies across Asia, Africa and the Middle East, carries nearly 80 per cent of global seaborne oil trade. Home to close to three billion people — including 340 million in high-risk coastal zones — the region is also among the fastest-warming oceans on the planet. Scientists warn it could face near-permanent marine heatwaves in the coming decades, with far-reaching consequences for security and stability.

Governments around the IOR are beginning to recognise that climate and security are inseparable. Many have adopted national adaptation plans and pledged net-zero targets. Small Island Developing States such as the Maldives and Seychelles are on the front line, where rising seas, coral bleaching, and changing fish stocks have turned the climate threat into a daily reality.

Larger players, too, are shifting their focus. India’s SAGAR vision — “Security and Growth for All in the Region” — now includes environmental resilience, while Australia’s 2024 Defence Net Zero Strategy acknowledges climate change as a direct national security concern. Yet analysts say both countries, along with others in the region, have more work to do to fully integrate climate risk into their naval and maritime strategies.

Experts stress that climate security in the IOR must be viewed through a human-security lens — one that measures impact not just by state vulnerability, but by the safety and wellbeing of communities. Floods, rising seas, and heatwaves are displacing families, threatening food supplies, and worsening inequality. Women and marginalised groups, they note, bear the brunt of these disasters, facing higher livelihood losses and limited access to aid.

Analysts recommend three steps to better align climate and maritime security.

First, states should embed climate monitoring into maritime domain awareness — as seen in the Quad’s Indo-Pacific MDA initiative — but tailored to Indian Ocean realities.

Second, cooperation should move beyond slow-moving forums like the Indian Ocean Rim Association, focusing instead on flexible frameworks such as the Blue Economy.

Third, traditional security actors — including navies — must play a larger role in climate adaptation and disaster response.

The 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami, which spurred regional cooperation and even the early formation of the Quad, remains a reminder that crises can catalyse collective action. As experts warn, the Indian Ocean’s future security will depend not just on power balances and trade routes, but on how nations confront a shared and escalating climate threat.



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Easter Sunday Case: Ex-SIS Chief concealed intel, former Defence Secy tells court

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Former Defence Secretary Hemasiri Fernando told court on Thursday that then State Intelligence Service (SIS) Director Nilantha Jayawardena was also aware of intelligence information and had acted to conceal it, while also testifying that he believed former President Maithripala Sirisena had prior knowledge of the Easter Sunday terror attacks.

Fernando made the statement while giving evidence before a Trial-at-Bar in the case filed against him over alleged negligence in failing to prevent the 2019 Easter Sunday suicide bombings.

He said he believed that Sirisena, who at the time also held the posts of Defence Minister and Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces, had been aware of intelligence inputs relating to the impending attacks.

The former Defence Secretary further alleged that Jayawardena, then Director of the SIS, was also privy to the information and had acted to suppress it.

Fernando is indicted on charges of criminal dereliction of duty for allegedly failing to act on prior intelligence warnings ahead of the coordinated attacks.

Defending his position in court, he maintained that responsibility for the failure lay elsewhere.

“The President, who was the Defence Minister and head of the armed forces, had left the country. As the most senior official, I have been dragged into this case. If the information I presented had been properly examined, this case would not have been filed against me. Those responsible are still at large,” he told court.

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NCPA gets up to seven child violence complaints daily

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NCPA Chairperson Preethi Inoka Ranasinghe

The National Child Protection Authority has warned that corporal punishment continues to cause serious harm to children, revealing that it receives between 2,000 and 2,500 complaints of physical violence against children each year — averaging between five and seven complaints a day.

Issuing a statement to mark the International Day to End Corporal Punishment on April 30, the NCPA said both short-term and long-term physical and psychological punishment could severely affect a child’s personality development and emotional wellbeing.

NCPA Chairperson Preethi Inoka Ranasinghe said research had consistently demonstrated the damaging effects of corporal punishment used in disciplining children.

“For decades, parents, elders and teachers have used various forms of physical punishment to discipline children, making it a socially and culturally accepted practice both at home and in schools,” she said.

The Authority stressed that corporal punishment constitutes physical abuse and should not be used under any circumstances.

According to the NCPA, complaints relating to physical violence remain the second highest category of complaints received annually by the institution, with between 2,000 and 2,500 incidents reported each year.

Based on those figures, the Authority receives approximately 5.5 to 6.8 complaints of child physical violence every day.

The NCPA further noted that under Article 19 of the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child, children are entitled to protection from all forms of abuse and neglect, an obligation binding on Sri Lanka since 1990.

The Authority also pointed to Article 11 of the 1978 Constitution, which guarantees freedom from cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment, as well as provisions under Section 308(A) of the Penal Code and Education Ministry circulars prohibiting physical and psychological punishment in schools.

The NCPA urged parents, teachers and caregivers to adopt non-violent disciplinary methods and to prioritise the safety and mental wellbeing of children.

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AKD’s May Day vow: Crackdown looms as corrupt face day of reckoning

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President Anura Kumara Dissanayake said that all individuals accused of fraud, corruption and other offences will be brought before the law in the coming weeks, as investigations are being intensified under the NPP administration.

Addressing the Nuwara Eliya District May Day rally on Friday, the President said the government had already strengthened key investigative institutions, including the Criminal Investigation Department and the Bribery Commission, to expedite ongoing probes.

He said a large number of cases involving alleged wrongdoing were now progressing through the legal system, with ten cases scheduled to be taken up in court during May and one case already ordered for a verdict within the month following a directive issued on April 30.

President Dissanayake stressed that the government was acting on a public mandate to ensure accountability, warning that law enforcement action would continue in the months ahead.

He said the administration had taken steps to reverse what he described as a culture of privilege enjoyed by former rulers, while focusing instead on public welfare and governance reform.

“We are making decisions for the people and ensuring that privileges of the ruling class are reduced,” he said, adding that previous governments had worked to expand their own benefits while placing burdens on citizens.

The President claimed that the NPP government had secured the trust of people across all regions, describing it as a “people’s administration” committed to working-class interests.

He also outlined the government’s broader policy direction, including ensuring stable incomes, improved education, housing, the rule of law and national unity.

Warning of further legal action, he said a significant number of individuals accused of corruption would face imprisonment in 2026, adding that no one would be above the law regardless of position or family background.

“We do not distinguish between Presidents, Prime Ministers or their families. The law will apply equally to all offenders,” he said.

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