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China Today: Tracing Its Historical Roots

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by Nilantha Ilangamuwa

The transformation of Shenzhen, once a modest fishing village, into a vibrant modern metropolis, stands as a powerful testament to the indomitable spirit of innovation and determination inherent in the Chinese character. This journey from obscurity to prominence not only showcases the potential of socialism infused with China’s distinct attributes but also symbolizes hope, progress, and an unwavering commitment to excellence. Shenzhen’s transformation began in the late 1970s when it was chosen as the experimental frontier for China’s economic reform and opening-up initiatives by Deng Xiaoping, a leader who prioritized results over ideology.

The Chinese government’s decision to blend free-market capitalism with socialism in this coastal village yielded astonishing results. Shenzhen’s success exemplifies the potential of a nation when it combines socialist principles with relentless innovation, an unwavering work ethic, and a resolute spirit, painting Shenzhen as a beacon of progress where vision, dedication, and socialism converge for a brighter future.

It is in this context that the annual celebration of the People’s Republic of China’s founding on October 1 prompts reflection on Mao Zedong, a monumental figure who played an unparalleled role in shaping China’s destiny. Mao, the revered founding father of the People’s Republic and the Chinese Communist Party, stands as a complex figure with a multifaceted legacy. His indomitable leadership led to the Communist triumph over the Nationalists in 1949, uniting a war-weary nation. His commitment to social justice was evident in policies such as land reform, gender equality, and investments in education and healthcare, which improved the lives of many. However, Mao’s legacy is marred by catastrophic events like the Great Leap Forward’s famine and the turmoil of the Cultural Revolution, resulting in human suffering, political purges, and societal upheaval.

After the tumultuous era of Mao Zedong, China witnessed significant progress under a succession of leaders, starting with Zhou Enlai and culminating in Xi Jinping’s current leadership. Zhou Enlai’s tenure marked the early post-Mao period, where he played a pivotal role in stabilizing the country and initiating economic reforms. However, it was under Deng Xiaoping’s guidance that China truly embarked on a path of rapid economic growth and modernization, attracting foreign investment and expanding trade relationships. This era set the stage for China’s emergence as a global economic powerhouse.

Li Xiannian’s presidency from 1983 to 1988 coincided with a pivotal period of economic reforms in China led by Deng Xiaoping. His leadership contributed to China’s rapid economic growth and modernization as the country attracted foreign investment and expanded trade relationships. However, concerns about corruption within the Chinese Communist Party persisted during his tenure, hindering broader social and political development. Subsequently, Yang Shangkun took office in the aftermath of the Tiananmen Square protests in 1989, focusing on restoring stability and rebuilding international relations

Jiang Zemin’s leadership, extending from 1993 to 2003, witnessed further economic growth and China’s increased integration into the global economy. His role in China’s accession to the World Trade Organization (WTO) contributed to its economic expansion. Similarly, Hu Jintao, who led from 2003 to 2013, continued China’s economic growth and development, addressing social inequalities and environmental concerns. Xi Jinping, the current leader, has sought to consolidate power and enhance China’s global influence. In essence, the progress of China after Mao reflects a complex interplay of economic development, political stability, human rights, and global engagement in shaping the country’s modern history.

China’s approach to poverty alleviation is truly noteworthy, successfully uplifting hundreds of millions of its citizens from poverty and making a substantial contribution to global poverty reduction. Key elements underpinning the campaign’s effectiveness include a targeted approach that addresses the diverse nature of poverty, substantial investments in infrastructure, diversification of economic activities in rural areas, the establishment of robust social safety nets, and innovative relocation programs for regions facing extreme poverty or environmental challenges. These multifaceted strategies have not only eradicated extreme poverty within China’s borders but have also left an enduring impact on global poverty reduction efforts, with over 850 million people rising above the poverty line since the late 1970s, as noted by the World Bank.

Parallel to its poverty alleviation campaign, China’s resolute anti-corruption drive, led by President Xi Jinping, has achieved substantial progress. This campaign spans all levels of government and the Communist Party, featuring high-profile investigations that send a clear message against corruption. Institutional reforms aimed at enhancing transparency and accountability, the reinforcement of party discipline and integrity, and comprehensive public awareness efforts are key components of this drive.

The dual success of poverty alleviation and anti-corruption efforts has had a significant impact beyond China’s borders, elevating living standards, stability, and economic growth domestically while fostering a more transparent business environment that benefits both domestic and international investors. Challenges remain, including the need to sustain poverty alleviation gains and strike a balance between accountability and procedural fairness in anti-corruption efforts.

China is an integral component of human civilization. To truly comprehend China, it requires more than academic inquiry alone; it calls for a steadfast commitment to overcoming preconceived notions and liberating ourselves from the constraints of Western narratives. The essence of understanding this multifaceted nation lies in recognizing that China’s historical depth, cultural richness, and evolving global role defy facile categorizations. To approach China with an open mind is to embark on a quest for accuracy in assessing its actions, motivations, and impact, eschewing the perilous pitfalls of reductionist thinking that invariably lead to misunderstandings and grievous miscalculations.

In this complex landscape, Henry Kissinger emerges as an illuminating guide, spanning the chasm between historical context and contemporary international relations. His seminal work, “On China,” unearths the timeless threads of China’s foreign policy traditions, rooted in an ancient history that persists today. Kissinger’s resolute pragmatism and realpolitik approach serve as a clarion call to transcend ideological biases and engage with China in a spirit of constructive dialogue.

Kissinger’s involvement in history-making events, from President Nixon’s groundbreaking visit to China to the diplomacy of “ping pong,” underscores the transformative potential of unorthodox approaches in diplomacy. It elucidates how seemingly minor gestures can wield profound diplomatic implications. His insights on issues ranging from Taiwan and the One-China policy to the strategic dynamics of the Cold War, Deng Xiaoping’s economic reforms, and China’s ascendance as a global economic powerhouse offer invaluable perspectives. Moreover, Kissinger’s emphasis on managing sensitive issues, fostering engagement based on common interests, and resisting the imposition of Western values provides pragmatic guidance for steering the intricate waters of U.S.-China relations in an era where China’s ascent as a global power demands delicate navigation.

In this precarious epoch, where the specter of proxy wars looms large in the dismantling of the once-dominant unipolar world order, it becomes imperative to chart a path towards peace without plunging once more into the abyss of relentless conflict. From Vietnam to Iraq, the Asian continent has borne witness to the flames of insurgency and manifested wars, underscoring the urgent need for strategies of peaceful coexistence. The prospect of a war involving China, particularly one featuring major military powers, must not be taken lightly, for it threatens profound and far-reaching consequences. Such a conflict would usher global instability, untold loss of life, economic desolation, and enduring global reverberations.

Geopolitically, a conflict embroiling China could ignite broader regional confrontations, entangling nations like Russia, India, and Southeast Asian countries, amplifying global unrest and instability. Environmental devastation, marked by pollution, infrastructure ruin, and ecological devastation, would bear lasting scars on our planet’s health.

Furthermore, the foundations of the existing international order and its institutions would be eroded, imperiling diplomacy and cooperation on critical global issues like climate change, public health, and poverty eradication. In the words of Deng Xiaoping, “We should free our minds and imagine in a big way. We should escape from the fetters of ideological or political prejudices.” In this era of unprecedented complexity and volatility, embracing such wisdom is not merely prudent; it is the very essence of our survival.



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Features

Political violence stalking Trump administration

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A scene that unfolded during the shooting incident at the recent White House Correspondents’ Dinner in Washington. (BBC)

It would not be particularly revelatory to say that the US is plagued by ‘gun violence’. It is a deeply entrenched and widespread malaise that has come in tandem with the relative ease with which firearms could be acquired and owned by sections of the US public, besides other causes.

However, a third apparent attempt on the life of US President Donald Trump in around two and a half years is both thought-provoking and unsettling for the defenders of democracy. After all, whatever its short comings the US remains the world’s most vibrant democracy and in fact the ‘mightiest’ one. And the US must remain a foremost democracy for the purpose of balancing and offsetting the growing power of authoritarian states in the global power system, who are no friends of genuine representational governance.

Therefore, the recent breaching of the security cordon surrounding the White House Correspondents’ Dinner in Washington at which President Trump and his inner Cabinet were present, by an apparently ‘Lone Wolf’ gunman, besides raising issues relating to the reliability of the security measures deployed for the President, indicates a notable spike in anti-VVIP political violence in particular in the US. It is a pointer to a strong and widespread emergence of anti-democratic forces which seem to be gaining in virulence and destructiveness.

The issues raised by the attack are in the main for the US’ political Right and its supporters. They have smugly and complacently stood by while the extremists in their midst have taken centre stage and begun to dictate the course of Right wing politics. It is the political culture bred by them that leads to ‘Lone Wolf’ gunmen, for instance, who see themselves as being repressed or victimized, taking the law into their own hands, so to speak, and perpetrating ‘revenge attacks’ on the state and society.

A disproportionate degree of attention has been paid particularly internationally to Donald Trump’s personality and his eccentricities but such political persons cannot be divorced from the political culture in which they originate and have their being. That is, “structural” questions matter. Put simply, Donald Trump is a ‘true son’ of the Far Right, his principal support base. The issues raised are therefore for the President as well as his supporters of the Right.

We are obliged to respect the choices of the voting public but in the case of Trump’s election to the highest public position in the US, this columnist is inclined to see in those sections that voted for Trump blind followers of the latter who cared not for their candidate’s suitability, in every relevant respect, and therefore acted irrationally. It would seem that the Right in the US wanted their candidate to win by ‘hook or by crook’ and exercise power on their behalf.

By making the above observations this columnist does not intend to imply that voting publics everywhere in the world of democracy cast their vote sensibly. In the case of Sri Lanka, for example, the question could be raised whether the voters of the country used their vote sensibly when voting into office the majority of Executive Presidents and other persons holding high public office. The obvious answer is ‘no’ and this should lead to a wider public discussion on the dire need for thoroughgoing voter education. The issue is a ‘huge’ one that needs to be addressed in the appropriate forums and is beyond the scope of this column.

Looking back it could be said that the actions of Trump and his die-hard support base led to the Rule of Law in the US being undermined as perhaps never before in modern times. A shaming moment in this connection was the protest march, virtually motivated by Trump, of his supporters to the US Capitol on January 6th, 2021, with the aim of scuttling the presidential poll result of that year. Much violence and unruly behaviour, as known, was let loose. This amounted to denigrating the democratic process and encouraging the violent take over of the state.

In a public address, prior to the unruly conduct of his supporters, Trump is on record as blaring forth the following: ‘We won this election and we won by a landslide’, ‘We will stop the steal’, ‘We will never give up. We will never concede. It doesn’t happen’, ‘If you don’t fight like hell, you’re not going to have a country anymore.’

It is plain to see that such inflammatory utterances could lead impressionable minds in particular to revolt violently. Besides, they should have led the more rationally inclined to wonder whether their candidate was the most suitable person to hold the office of President.

Unfortunately, the latter process was not to be and the question could be raised whether the US is in the ‘safest pair of hands’. Needless to say, as events have revealed, Donald Trump is proving to be one of the most erratic heads of state the US has ever had.

However, the latest attempt on the life of President Trump suggests that considerable damage has been done to the democratic integrity of the US and none other than the President himself has to take on himself a considerable proportion of the blame for such degeneration, besides the US’ Far Right. They could be said to be ‘reaping the whirlwind.’

It is a time for soul-searching by the US Right. The political Right has the right to exist, so the speak, in a functional democracy but it needs to take cognizance of how its political culture is affecting the democratic integrity or health of the US. Ironically, the repressive and chauvinistic politics advocated by it is having the effect of activating counter-violence of the most murderous kind, as was witnessed at the White House Correspondents’ Dinner. Continued repressive politics could only produce more such incidents that could be self-defeating for the US.

Some past US Presidents were assassinated but the present political violence in the country brings into focus as perhaps never before the role that an anti-democratic political culture could play in unraveling the gains that the US has made over the decades. A duty is cast on pro-democracy forces to work collectively towards protecting the democratic integrity and strength of the US.

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22nd Anniversary Gala …action-packed event

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The Skyliners: Shanaka Viswakula (bass), Mario Ranasuriya (lead guitar), Daryl D'Souza (keyboards) and Kushmin Balasuriya (drums)

The Editor-in-Chief of The Sri Lankan Anchorman, a Toronto-based monthly, celebrating Sri Lankan community life in Canada, is none other than veteran Sri Lankan journalist Dirk Tissera, who moved to Canada in 1997. His wife, Michelle, whom he calls his “tower of strength”, is the Design Editor.

According to reports coming my way, the paper has turned out to be extremely popular in Toronto.

In fact, The Sri Lankan Anchorman won a press award in Toronto for excellence in editorial content and visual presentation.

However, the buzz in the air in Canada, right now, is The Sri Lankan Anchorman’s 22nd Anniversary Gala, to be held on Friday, 12 June, 2026, at the J&J Swagat Banquet Convention Centre, in Toronto.

An action-packed programme has been put together for the night, featuring some of the very best artistes in the Toronto scene.

The Skylines, who are classified as ‘the local musical band in Toronto’, will headline the event.

Dirk Tissera and wife Michelle: Supporting Sri Lanka-Canada community events, in Toronto, since launching The Anchorman
in 2002

They have performed and backed many legendary Sri Lanka singers.

According to Dirk, The Skylines can belt out a rhythm with gusto … be it Western, Sinhala or Tamil hits.

Also adding sparkle to the evening will be the legendary Fahmy Nazick, who, with his smooth and velvety vocals, will have the crowd on the floor.

Fahmy who was a household name, back in Sri Lanka, will be flying down from Virginia, USA.

He has captivated audiences in Sri Lanka, the Middle East and North America, and this will be his fourth visit to Toronto – back by popular demand,

Cherry DeLuna, who is described by Dirk as a powerhouse, also makes her appearance on stage and is all set to stir up the tempo with her cool and easy delivery.

“She’s got a great voice and vocal range that has captivated audiences out here”, says Dirk.

Chamil Welikala, said to be one of the hottest DJs in town, will be spinning his magic … in English, Sinhala, Tamil and Latin.


Both Jive and Baila competitions are on the cards among many other surprises on the night of 12 June.

This is The Anchorman’s fifth annual dance in a row – starting from 2022, 2023, 2024 and 2025 – and both Dirk and Michelle, and The Anchorman, have always produced elegant social events in Toronto.

“We intend to knock this one out of the park,” the duo says, adding that Western music and Sinhala and Tamil songs is something they’ve always delivered and the crowd loves it.

“We have always supported Sri Lanka-Canada community events, in Toronto, since launching The Anchorman, in 2002, and we intend to keep it that way.”

No doubt, there will be a large crowd of Sri Lankans, from all communities, turning up, on 12 June, to support Dirk, Michelle and The Anchorman.

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Face Pack for Radiant Skin

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* Apple and Orange:

Blend a few apple and orange pieces together. Add to it a pinch of turmeric and one tablespoon of honey. Apply it to the face and neck and rinse off after 30 minutes. This face pack is suitable for all skin types.

According to experts, apple is one of the best fruits for your skin health with Vitamin A, B complex and Vitamin C and minerals, while, with the orange peel, excessive oil secretion can be easily balanced.

* Mango and Curd:

Ripe mango pulp, mixed with curd, can be rubbed directly onto the skin to remove dirt and cleanse clogged pores. Rinse off after a few minutes.

Yes, of course, mango is a tasty and delicious fruit and this is the mango season in our part of the world, and it has extra-ordinary benefits to skin health. Vitamins C and E in mangoes protect the skin from the UV rays of the sun and promotes cell regeneration. It also promotes skin elasticity and fights skin dullness and acne, while curd, in combination, further adds to it.

*  Grapes and Kiwi:

Take a handful of grapes and make a pulp of it. Simultaneously, take one kiwi fruit and mash it after peeling its skin. Now mix them and add some yoghurt to it. Apply it on your face for few minutes and wash it off.

Here again experts say that kiwi is the best nutrient-rich fruit with high vitamin C, minerals, Omega-3 fatty acids and vitamin E, while grapes contain flavonoids, which is an antioxidant that protects the skin from free radical damage. This homemade face pack acts as a natural cleanser and slows down the ageing process.

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