Features
BOAC 911 crash on 5 March 1966 and lessons learnt
By Capt. G A Fernando MBA,
gafplane@sltnet.lk
Compared to other Airlines British Overseas Airways Corporation (BOAC) had uneconomical over powered, fuel-guzzling aircraft in its fleet, essential to operate into hot, high and humid airports of the British Commonwealth that had short Runways. It seemed as if connectivity was more important than profit. In 1955 the requirement for Vickers Civil Jet programme in Britain had been cancelled by the management of BOAC. There was no replacement planned for the existing Comet 4C and Bristol Britannia aircraft. As a result, BOAC was running at a loss. When the Boeing 707 passenger jet aircraft were introduced by Pan American Airlines of the USA, the BOAC Management was also keen on acquiring the same type of aircraft with a few modifications and with more economical Rolls Royce Convey 12 engines as against the Pratt and Whitney JT3D engines that the original American aircraft had. So, in 1956 BOAC ordered 15 B 707 aircraft which needed longer runways to land and Take-off. Subsequently, after an uproar in the British Parliament BOAC was forced to also order 17 Vickers VC 10’s as well. But that’s another story! The American B 707 aircraft thus ordered were inducted into BOAC service in 1960.
As far back as 1947 Pan American had two flights originating from USA, going around the world. One went west bound from San Francisco (call sign, ‘Yankee Clipper 001’) and the other (call sign ‘Yankee Clipper 002’) went east bound from New York, with multiple stops. They usually crossed each other somewhere over Lebanon in the Middle East, going in opposite directions. After acquiring the B 707 aircraft, BOAC too followed suite with one B 707 going east bound from England across Europe and Asia, and the other west bound across the Atlantic and around the world. Jet aircraft were operated like stage coaches of old. They were kept continuously flying, after a change of crew (like changing horses!) and refuelling, at the end of each stage.
This is the story of a west bound BOAC B 707 aircraft (Call sign Speed bird 911). The year1966 was a bad year for Air Safety in Japan. In fact, that year, there were four fatal crashes and two within 48 hours. On the evening of 4th March 1966, the Tokyo Haneda International Airport, was ‘boxed in’ with bad weather due to an area of low pressure overhead resulting in fog, rain and low visibility. The Captain of a Canadian Pacific aircraft circling over Japan and waiting to land, decided to divert to Taiwan as the weather conditions were bad and not improving. However, Air Traffic Control in Tokyo then told them that the weather was observed to be improving. So they decided to carry out an approach that resulted in a fatal deviation from the glide path and the Douglas DC 8 aircraft, undershot, hitting some approach lights and a sea wall before crashing into the airport premises in flames.
That same night, a BOAC ‘Speed bird 911’ registered as G-APFE, B 707 aircraft from Honolulu Hawaii diverted to Fukuoka, Japan, as the weather was better there. It was mid-day on 5th March when they arrived at the Tokyo Haneda International Airport which was their original destination. Now the weather had passed and the skies were Blue. The next ‘stage’ of the around the world flight was Tokyo to Kai Tak Airport, Hong Kong under the command of an experienced 45-year old, Captain named Bernard Dobson (DFC & Bar) from Dorset. He had been an ex-WWII pilot, flying B 707 aircraft since 1960. (See Fig. 01)
That day, since the skies were clear (after the storm) they could see the 12388 foot Mount Fuji (Fujisan) from the airport, they taxied past the still smouldering wreckage of the Canadian Pacific aircraft that crashed the night before. I am sure that everyone felt safe as lightning never strikes the same place twice and accidents always happen to other people. (See Fig. 02)
The low pressure system had given way to a high pressure system, associated with high wind speeds. As Airline Captains sometimes do, Capt Dobson decided to give his passengers a flight past the crater of Mount Fuji at 16,000ft and at a speed between 320 to 370 knots in a slight decent.
The aircraft then suddenly encountered severe turbulence close to Mount Fuji. With the extremely heavy turbulence the vertical tail fin broke and hit the left Elevator which broke in turn. Next the four underslung engines of the B 707 got wrenched out of the wing. The fuel started leaking in the form of a fine mist into the air and the aircraft went into an unrecoverable flat spin. The fuselage broke from near the Flight Deck just before impact. The debris were scattered 16 miles across. All 113 passengers and 11 crew members lost their lives. The Flight Deck was destroyed by fire along with the Flight Data Recorder (FDR). There was no requirement by law to have a Cockpit Voice Recorder (CVR) installed, those days. These two devices were collectively called the ‘Black Box’ and would have helped with the accident investigation.
The Accident Investigation
The two accident investigators dispatched from Britain didn’t have any hard evidence from the ’Black Box’ which was destroyed by fire. However, there were many eye witnesses and photographs of the unfortunate event to go on. There was also an 8mm Cine Camera with which a passenger was filming through a window and was recovered from the wreckage. When the film was developed and examined, the investigators noticed that the camera had jumped two frames just before falling on the aircraft floor. On further investigation it was found that for the two frames to jump, a shock force of plus 7.5 G had to be administered to this compact and sturdy machine. (G being the force of Gravity).
Extreme turbulence was also confirmed by another US Navy Douglas Skyhawk jet fighter aircraft that went looking for the BOAC wreck on the mountain side, immediately afterwards and experienced severe turbulence and had pulled plus 9G and minus 4G. While jet fighters are built to withstand high G forces, big passenger jets are not built that way and are not as strong. Although they can withstand more, passenger aircraft are certified to only up to about plus 2.5 G. Capt Dobson didn’t have a chance at that speed he was travelling in clear air. There was a possibility circulation of clear air in a rotary action (curling inwards) on the downwind (Leeward) side of the mountain.
The Leeward Side and possible Rotors
This event was very similar to a vehicle at high speed hitting an abnormally high road bump that could result in mechanical failure Although discovered by two glider pilots, back in1933, even at this point of time in 1966, very little was known about the meteorological phenomenon call ‘Mountain Waves’ and their effect on
relatively new swept wing passenger jet planes which still had some flying characteristics which baffled the Airline pilots and the Aeronautical engineers.
Mountain waves
Air, being a fluid like water, on windy days get disturbed by obstacles like mountain ranges, similar to what occurs when river water flows over rocks creating turbulent ‘White water’. The essential difference is that one can see White Water, but Mountain Waves will be invisible more often than not. On other occasions there will be cloud of peculiar shapes which will give the pilots a warning. Capt. Dobson had no warning whatsoever and the sky was clear, till it was too late with the onset of turbulence..
Interestingly, several booked passengers decided to cancel their flight on BOAC 991 at the last moment in order to see a ninja demonstration. These passengers, Albert (Cubby) Broccoli, Harry Saltzman, Ken Adam, Lewis Gilbert and Freddie Young, were in Japan searching for locations for the fifth James Bond film, You Only Live Twice.
Riding the bumps
These accident and incident investigation reports helped to formulate and fine tune Standard Operating Procedures (SOP’s) through the years to make Airline operations safe. Today’s Airline Pilots are taught reduce their speed as soon as they experience Clear Air Turbulence (CAT) so that they can ride the bumps. There are ‘Turbulence speeds’ now defined for Jet Aircraft which work very well. If they anticipate turbulence, they told to slow down early in anticipation. Now the curriculum for Meteorology studies for the Commercial Pilots’ Licence discusses extensively ‘Mountain Wave Turbulence’ and tell-tale signs of their presence by observing cloud formations and the best (quickest) way to transit such areas.
Macarthur Job in his book ‘Air Disaster’ Volume 1, mentions that there is a traditional Japanese proverb which says that “When the sky is blue Fuji is angry” This holds good even today. Twenty years or so after this accident, I was flying from Narita to Fukuoka via Mount Fuji in a Lockheed L 1011 Tri-Star aircraft at 30,000ft climbing at 300 feet per minute, in clear blue weather, when suddenly the rate of climb shot up to over 2000 feet per minute. Mount Fuji was right below us. At altitudes below us the turbulence would have been much worse. Because of the extensive studies and analysis done on the accident of BOAC 911, my crew and I were fully prepared for it. (Forewarned is forearmed)
Today the Flight Data Recorders and Cockpit Voice Recorders are installed in the tail of an aircraft in fire proof, shock proof containers. The passenger seats can withstand 12G’s. The passengers are advised to have their seatbelts fastened whenever they are seated. The Pilots are taught to avoid (avoid, avoid, avoid) situations of heavy turbulence by being proactive, preventive and predictive for safety’s sake.
Features
Cricket and the National Interest
The appointment of former minister Eran Wickremaratne to chair the Sri Lanka Cricket Transformation Committee is significant for more than the future of cricket. It signals a possible shift in the culture of governance even as it offers Sri Lankan cricket a fighting possibility to get out of the doldrums of failure. There have been glorious patches for the national cricket team since the epochal 1996 World Cup triumph. But these patches of brightness have been few and far between and virtually non-existent over the past decade. At the centre of this disaster has been the failures of governance within Sri Lanka Cricket which are not unlike the larger failures of governance within the country itself. The appointment of a new reform oriented committee therefore carries significance beyond cricket. It reflects the wider challenge facing the country which is to restore trust in public institutions for better management.
The appointment of Eran Wickremaratne brings a professional administrator with a proven track record into the cricket arena. He has several strengths that many of his immediate predecessors lacked. Before the ascent of the present government leadership to positions of power, Eran Wickremaratne was among the handful of government ministers who did not have allegations of corruption attached to their names. His reputation for financial professionalism and integrity has remained intact over many years in public life. With him in the Cricket Transformation Committee are also respected former cricketers Kumar Sangakkara, Roshan Mahanama and Sidath Wettimuny together with professionals from legal and business backgrounds. They have been tasked with introducing structural reforms and improving transparency and accountability within cricket administration.
A second reason for this appointment to be significant is that this is possibly the first occasion on which the NPP government has reached out to someone associated with the opposition to obtain assistance in an area of national importance. The commitment to bipartisanship has been a constant demand from politically non-partisan civic groups and political analysts. They have voiced the opinion that the government needs to be more inclusive in its choice of appointments to decision making authorities. The NPP government’s practice so far has largely been to limit appointments to those within the ruling party or those considered loyalists even at the cost of proven expertise. The government’s decision in this case therefore marks a potentially important departure.
National Interest
There are areas of public life where national interest should transcend party divisions and cricket, beloved of the people, is one of them. Sri Lanka cannot afford to continue treating every institution as an arena for political competition when institutions themselves are in crisis and public confidence has become fragile. It is therefore unfortunate that when the government has moved positively in the direction of drawing on expertise from outside its own ranks there should be a negative response from sections of the opposition. This is indicative of the absence of a culture of bipartisanship even on issues that concern the national interest. The SJB, of which the newly appointed cricket committee chairman was a member objected on the grounds that politicians should not hold positions in sports administration and asked him to resign from the party. There is a need to recognise the distinction between partisan political control and the temporary use of experienced administrators to carry out reform and institutional restructuring. In other countries those in politics often join academia and civil society on a temporary basis and vice versa.
More disturbing has been the insidious campaign carried out against the new cricket committee and its chairman on the grounds of religious affiliation. This is an unacceptable denial of the reality that Sri Lanka is a plural, multi ethnic and multi religious society. The interim committee reflects this diversity to a reasonable extent. The country’s long history of ethnic conflict should have taught all political actors the dangers of mobilising communal prejudice for short term political gain. Sri Lanka paid a very heavy price for decades of mistrust and division. It would be tragic if even cricket administration became another arena for communal suspicion and hostility. The present government represents an important departure from the sectarian rhetoric that was employed by previous governments. They have repeatedly pledged to protect the equal rights of all citizens and not permit discrimination or extremism in any form.
The recent international peace march in Sri Lanka led by the Venerable Bhikkhu Thich Paññākāra from Vietnam with its message of loving kindness and mindfulness to all resonated strongly with the masses of people as seen by the crowds who thronged the roadsides to obtain blessings and show respect. This message stands in contrast to the sectarian resentment manifested by those who seek to use the cricket appointments as a weapon to attack the government at the present time. The challenges before the Sri Lanka Cricket Transformation Committee parallel the larger challenges before the government in developing the national economy and respecting ethnic and religious diversity. Plugging the leaks and restoring systems will take time and effort. It cannot be done overnight and it cannot succeed without public patience and support.
New Recognition
There is also a need for realism. The appointment of Eran Wickremaratne and the new committee does not guarantee success. Reforming deeply flawed institutions is always difficult. Besides, Sri Lanka is a small country with a relatively small population compared to many other cricket playing nations. It is also a country still recovering from the economic breakdown of 2022 which pushed the majority of people into hardship and severely weakened public institutions. The country continues to face unprecedented challenges including the damage caused by Cyclone Ditwah and the wider global economic uncertainties linked to conflict in the Middle East. Under these difficult circumstances Sri Lanka has fewer resources than many larger countries to devote to both cricket and economic development.
When resources are scarce they cannot be wasted through corruption or incompetence. Drawing upon the strengths of all those who are competent for the tasks at hand regardless of party affiliation or ethnic or religious identity is necessary if improvement is to come sooner rather than later. The burden of rebuilding the country cannot rest only on the government. The crisis facing the country is too deep for any single party or government to solve alone. National recovery requires capable individuals from across society and from different sectors such as business and civil society to work together in areas where the national interest transcends party politics. There is also a responsibility on opposition political parties to support initiatives that are politically neutral and genuinely in the national interest. Not every issue needs to become a partisan battle.
Sri Lanka cricket occupies a special place in the national consciousness. At its best it once united the country and gave Sri Lankans a sense of pride and international recognition. Restoring integrity and professionalism to cricket administration can therefore become part of the larger task of national renewal. The appointment of Eran Wickremaratne and the new committee, while it does not guarantee success, is a sign that the political leadership and people of the country may be beginning to mature in their approach to governance. In recognising the need for competence, integrity and bipartisan cooperation and extending it beyond cricket into other areas of national life, Sri Lanka may find the way towards more stable and successful governance..
by Jehan Perera
Features
From Dhaka to Sri Lanka, three wheels that drive our economies
Court vacation this year came with an unexpected lesson, not from a courtroom but from the streets of Dhaka — a city that moves, quite literally, on three wheels.
Above the traffic, a modern metro line glides past concrete pillars and crowded rooftops. It is efficient, clean and frequently cited as a symbol of progress in Bangladesh. For a visitor from Sri Lanka, it inevitably brings to mind our own abandoned light rail plans — a project debated, politicised and ultimately set aside.
But Dhaka’s real story is not in the air. It is on the ground.
Beneath the elevated tracks, the streets belong to three-wheelers. Known locally as CNGs, they cluster at junctions, line the edges of markets and pour into narrow roads that larger vehicles avoid. Even with a functioning rail system, these three-wheelers remain the city’s most dependable form of everyday transport.
Within hours of arriving, their importance becomes obvious. The train may take you across the city, but the journey does not end there. The last mile — often the most complicated part — belongs entirely to the three-wheeler. It is the vehicle that gets you home, to a meeting or simply through streets that no bus route properly serves.
There is a rhythm to using them. A destination is mentioned, a price is suggested and a brief negotiation follows. Then the ride begins, edging into traffic that feels permanently compressed. Drivers move with instinct, adjusting routes and squeezing through gaps with a confidence built over years.
It is not polished. But it works.
And that is where the comparison with Sri Lanka becomes less about what we lack and more about what we already have.
Back home, the three-wheeler has long been part of daily life — so familiar that it is often discussed only in terms of its problems. There are frequent complaints about fares, refusals or the absence of meters. More recently, the industry itself has become entangled in politics — from fuel subsidies to regulatory debates, from election-time promises to periodic crackdowns.
In that process, the conversation has shifted. The three-wheeler is often treated as a problem to be managed, rather than a service to be strengthened.
Yet, seen through the experience of Dhaka, Sri Lanka’s system begins to look far more settled — and, in many ways, ahead.
There is a growing structure in place. Meters, while not perfect, are widely recognised. Ride-hailing apps have added transparency and reduced uncertainty for passengers. There are clearer expectations on both sides — driver and commuter alike. Even small details, such as designated parking areas in parts of Colombo or the increasing standard of vehicles, point to an industry slowly moving towards professionalism.
Just as importantly, there is a human element that remains intact.
In Sri Lanka, a three-wheeler ride is rarely just a transaction. Drivers talk. They offer directions, comment on the day’s news, or share local knowledge. The ride becomes part of the social fabric, not just a means of getting from one point to another.
In Dhaka, the scale of the city leaves less room for that. The interaction is quicker, more direct, shaped by urgency. The service is essential, but it is under constant pressure.
What stands out, across both countries, is that the three-wheeler is not a temporary or outdated mode of transport. It is a necessity in dense, fast-growing Asian cities — one that fills gaps no rail or bus system can fully address.
Large infrastructure projects, like light rail, are important. They bring efficiency and long-term capacity. But they cannot replace the flexibility of a three-wheeler. They cannot reach into narrow streets, respond instantly to demand or provide that crucial last-mile connection.
That is why, even in a city that has invested heavily in modern rail, Dhaka still runs on three wheels.
For Sri Lanka, the lesson is not simply about what could have been built, but about what should be better managed and valued.
The three-wheeler industry does not need to be politicised at every turn. It needs steady regulation — clear fare systems, proper licensing, safety standards — alongside encouragement and recognition. It needs to be seen as part of the solution to urban transport, not as a side issue.
Because for thousands of drivers, it is a livelihood. And for millions of passengers, it is the most immediate and reliable form of mobility.
The tuk-tuk may not feature in grand policy speeches or infrastructure blueprints. It does not run on elevated tracks or attract international attention. But on the ground, where daily life unfolds, it continues to do what larger systems often struggle to do — show up, adapt and keep moving.
And after watching Dhaka’s streets — crowded, relentless, yet functioning — that small, three-wheeled vehicle feels less like something to argue over and more like something to get right.
(The writer is an Attorney-at-Law with over a decade of experience specialising in civil law, a former Board Member of the Office of Missing Persons and a former Legal Director of the Central Cultural Fund. He holds an LLM in International Business Law)
by Sampath Perera recently in Dhaka, Bangladesh
Features
Dubai scene … opening up
According to reports coming my way, the entertainment scene, in Dubai, is very much opening up, and buzzing again!
After a quieter few months, May is packed with entertainment and the whole scene, they say, is shifting back into full swing.
The Seven Notes band, made up of Sri Lankans, based in Dubai, are back in the spotlight, after a short hiatus, due to the ongoing Middle East problems.
On 18th April they did Legends Night at Mercure Hotel Dubai Barsha Heights; on Thursday, 9th May, they will be at the Sports Bar of the Mercure Hotel for 70s/80s Retro Night; on 6th June, they will be at Al Jadaf Dubai to provide the music for Sandun Perera live in concert … and with more dates to follow.
These events are expected to showcase the band’s evolving sound, tighter stage coordination, and stronger audience engagement.
With each performance, the band aims to refine its identity and build a loyal following within Dubai’s vibrant nightlife and event scene.

Pasindu Umayanga: The group’s new vocalist
What makes Seven Notes standout is their versatility which has made the band a dynamic and promising act.
With a growing performance calendar, new talent integration, and international ambitions, the band is definitely entering a defining phase of its journey.
Dubai’s music industry, I’m told, thrives on diversity, energy, and audience connection, with live bands playing a crucial role in elevating events—from corporate shows to private concerts. Against this backdrop, Seven Notes is positioning itself not just as another band, but as a performance-driven musical unit focused on consistency and growth.
Adding fresh momentum to the group is Pasindu Umayanga who joins Seven Notes as their new vocalist. This move signals a strategic upgrade—not just filling a role, but strengthening the band’s front-line presence.
Looking beyond local stages, Seven Notes is preparing for an international tour, to Korea, in July.

Bassist Niluk Uswaththa: Spokesperson for Seven Notes
According to bassist Niluk Uswaththa, taking a band abroad means: Your sound must hold up against unfamiliar audiences, your performance must translate beyond language, and your discipline must be at a professional level.
“If executed well, this tour could redefine Seven Notes from a local band into an emerging international act,” added Niluk.
He went on to say that Dubai is not an easy market. It’s saturated with highly experienced, multi-genre bands that can adapt instantly to any crowd.
“To stand out consistently you need to have tight rehearsal discipline, unique sound identity (not just covers), strong stage chemistry, audience retention – not just applause.”
No doubt, Seven Notes is entering a critical growth phase—new member, multiple shows, and an international tour on the horizon. The opportunity is real, but so is the pressure.
However, there is talk that Seven Notes will soon be a recognised name in the regional music scene.
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