Features
AFLATOXIN IN IMPORTED COCONUT OIL
A SCIENTIFIC VIEW
BY Emeritus Professor Upali Samarajeewa
smrjee@gmail.com]
The public are bombarded with half truths on presence and release of imported aflatoxin-contaminated coconut oil to the market. When improperly dried copra is stored for many days a mold of yellow colour, which becomes moss green later, appears on the surface of the kernels, releasing aflatoxins deep into the coconut kernels. Once released into the kernel, the toxin remains unchanged till the kernel disintegrates. On expulsion of oil from such copra, 80% of the aflatoxin separates into the coconut oil. Aflatoxins were first detected in groundnuts in 1961, when turkey poults, fed with ground nuts, died in thousands, compelling the British to celebrate Christmas without the traditional roasted turkey on the dining table. The Scientist and his Assistant, who got exposed during discovery of the aflatoxins are reported to have died of colon cancer a few years later. In 1970, a consignment of copra from the Philippines was rejected by the USA sensitizing the Coconut Authorities in Sri Lanka too.
The issue today is that the consignments of coconut oil, imported from two or more countries by several importers, is supposed to be highly contaminated with aflatoxins. Aflatoxin can cause liver cancers in humans on long exposure through foods. The Sri Lankan society is still not sure whether a part of the consignment, under discussion, got released to the market, as the public are made to believe half-truths. The only solution to the problem lies in getting the market coconut oil tested for presence of aflatoxins. It may be worth testing a few ‘refined’ samples of oils, bottled, and marketed under the brand names of importers under scrutiny. When humans suffer from a serious sickness, they do not go to the usual family doctor, but the specialist on the particular disease. In Sri Lanka, there is only one laboratory accredited for testing aflatoxins in vegetable oils, which has been maintaining competency through continuous testing, surveillance, and research. This reliable testing capacity is with the Food Safety and Quality Assurance Laboratory of the Faculty of Veterinary Sciences at Peradeniya University. Our arguments and interpretations on various test reports from exporting countries, or from unaccredited laboratories in other Sri Lankan institutions, carry no sense in the light of this background. Some public media are excellent in fueling the flames with no scientific understanding. Institutions possess the expertise on protecting their own good names. Politicians listen to both sides and argue smartly in the august house with little scientific understanding. Scientific views are not obtained from the right persons or right places. The carnival continues. Public are not sure whether to celebrate the New Year with “kewum” or without.
When the Philippines copra consignments were rejected by the USA, in 1970, the Coconut Authority, in Sri Lanka, got sensitized immediately and arranged a three-year research assignment in the Faculty of Medicine, Peradeniya to examine the probable aflatoxin contaminations in Sri Lankan copra, coconut oil and poonac. The person employed under the assignment developed a test method for aflatoxins in coconut products, did a one-year survey visiting and collecting samples from each and every coconut oil mill in the country in three rounds examining copra, oil and poonac. The project understood the aflatoxin levels in the coconut products in Sri Lanka and the origins of contaminations. There were many other related academic research activities to strengthen the findings, such as toxic effects of aflatoxins on experimental and farm animals and effects of smoke drying of copra on aflatoxin accumulation. The project also clearly identified the poor manufacturing practices leading to the contamination problem and working out mechanisms to remove aflatoxins in coconut kernel products industrially. All the research were well recognized, internationally, through publications and patents. Good manufacturing practices were recommended to the industry. This enriched the Coconut Authority with new scientific information of the ground situation, remedial measures, and actions to be taken, arising from their investment for scientific research on aflatoxin related risks and appropriate levels of controls. The Coconut Authority continued to use this information for years and conducted regular training programmes, for the copra producers and oil millers regularly at grassroot level. It had the desired effects of reducing the concentrations of aflatoxins in coconut oil through commitment of an increased number of industrialists, to be within regulatory levels. More recent introduction of branding and bottling of coconut oils, was a mechanism to trace the origins of possible aflatoxin problems in the long run. Against this situation, releasing imported coconut oil in bulk with no mechanism to establish the origin or identity boils down to opening the gates exposing consumers to the invisible risk of aflatoxins, which would be felt in years to come.
Unlike other agricultural commodities, such as groundnuts and maize that gets contaminated with aflatoxins, consumers get exposed to higher and continuous health risks through coconut oil on a daily basis. Aflatoxin producing mold is visible in groundnuts and maize providing the choice for consumers to discard contaminated kernels. Aflatoxins in coconut oil is hidden, requires expensive sophisticated testing and could expose the consumers unaware of the risks.
Copra is produced in Sri Lanka using a scientifically designed kiln with natural mechanisms for uniform heating, removing the moisture with smoke, depositing a thin layer of antimicrobials on kernel surfaces, and finally reducing the moisture to safe levels of 8%. The kiln is described in global literature as “Ceylon Copra Kiln” – Credit to the research of Coconut Research Institute. The same cannot said of the copra production and the kilns used in the countries from which we have imported coconut oil recently. Naturally, a potential disaster was in the pipeline on importing coconut oil from such countries. It has exploded now.
The cure lies in chemically refining the contaminated coconut oil, which is already in our territories. Alkali used in chemical refining of edible oils converts the aflatoxin molecules to sodium derivatives, which are water soluble and washed away during the centrifugation process. There are no other short cuts to get rid of aflatoxins in coconut oil or in any other food. Any industrial process can possess weak points due to the way it is practiced. The final clearance on safety should be based on testing the chemically refined coconut oil for absence of aflatoxins. Sri Lankan scientists who have spent years of research and lived with the subject stand above everybody in this subject globally. They possess the knowledge and the knowhow. Unscientific advises from inadequately informed persons would not help in solving this national food safety problem. Once the imported crude coconut oil is refined and cleared as “free of aflatoxins”, the stocks could be exported recovering the dollars Sri Lanka has spent to import crude oils and even make profits. Let the businesses use science to make money for the country.
Unfortunately, Sri Lankan science has become an occult science with offering ‘Sudharshani paniya’ of unknown origin, Dhammilka peniya from kali-science, ‘Ravana paniya’ of “Dandumonara’ origin and arsenic-science of Natha Deviyo. The proponents have achieved their objectives at the expense of “literate” Sri Lankans. Let us not allow the aflatoxin issue of imported coconut oil to follow the same pathway, sidetracking the scientific knowledge available to the country.
The author has worked through this whole scientific process, which is internationally recognized. Sri Lanka has understood the problem. It knows the solutions. Who would come out with no vested interests aiming benefits for the common man?
Features
Cricket and the National Interest
The appointment of former minister Eran Wickremaratne to chair the Sri Lanka Cricket Transformation Committee is significant for more than the future of cricket. It signals a possible shift in the culture of governance even as it offers Sri Lankan cricket a fighting possibility to get out of the doldrums of failure. There have been glorious patches for the national cricket team since the epochal 1996 World Cup triumph. But these patches of brightness have been few and far between and virtually non-existent over the past decade. At the centre of this disaster has been the failures of governance within Sri Lanka Cricket which are not unlike the larger failures of governance within the country itself. The appointment of a new reform oriented committee therefore carries significance beyond cricket. It reflects the wider challenge facing the country which is to restore trust in public institutions for better management.
The appointment of Eran Wickremaratne brings a professional administrator with a proven track record into the cricket arena. He has several strengths that many of his immediate predecessors lacked. Before the ascent of the present government leadership to positions of power, Eran Wickremaratne was among the handful of government ministers who did not have allegations of corruption attached to their names. His reputation for financial professionalism and integrity has remained intact over many years in public life. With him in the Cricket Transformation Committee are also respected former cricketers Kumar Sangakkara, Roshan Mahanama and Sidath Wettimuny together with professionals from legal and business backgrounds. They have been tasked with introducing structural reforms and improving transparency and accountability within cricket administration.
A second reason for this appointment to be significant is that this is possibly the first occasion on which the NPP government has reached out to someone associated with the opposition to obtain assistance in an area of national importance. The commitment to bipartisanship has been a constant demand from politically non-partisan civic groups and political analysts. They have voiced the opinion that the government needs to be more inclusive in its choice of appointments to decision making authorities. The NPP government’s practice so far has largely been to limit appointments to those within the ruling party or those considered loyalists even at the cost of proven expertise. The government’s decision in this case therefore marks a potentially important departure.
National Interest
There are areas of public life where national interest should transcend party divisions and cricket, beloved of the people, is one of them. Sri Lanka cannot afford to continue treating every institution as an arena for political competition when institutions themselves are in crisis and public confidence has become fragile. It is therefore unfortunate that when the government has moved positively in the direction of drawing on expertise from outside its own ranks there should be a negative response from sections of the opposition. This is indicative of the absence of a culture of bipartisanship even on issues that concern the national interest. The SJB, of which the newly appointed cricket committee chairman was a member objected on the grounds that politicians should not hold positions in sports administration and asked him to resign from the party. There is a need to recognise the distinction between partisan political control and the temporary use of experienced administrators to carry out reform and institutional restructuring. In other countries those in politics often join academia and civil society on a temporary basis and vice versa.
More disturbing has been the insidious campaign carried out against the new cricket committee and its chairman on the grounds of religious affiliation. This is an unacceptable denial of the reality that Sri Lanka is a plural, multi ethnic and multi religious society. The interim committee reflects this diversity to a reasonable extent. The country’s long history of ethnic conflict should have taught all political actors the dangers of mobilising communal prejudice for short term political gain. Sri Lanka paid a very heavy price for decades of mistrust and division. It would be tragic if even cricket administration became another arena for communal suspicion and hostility. The present government represents an important departure from the sectarian rhetoric that was employed by previous governments. They have repeatedly pledged to protect the equal rights of all citizens and not permit discrimination or extremism in any form.
The recent international peace march in Sri Lanka led by the Venerable Bhikkhu Thich Paññākāra from Vietnam with its message of loving kindness and mindfulness to all resonated strongly with the masses of people as seen by the crowds who thronged the roadsides to obtain blessings and show respect. This message stands in contrast to the sectarian resentment manifested by those who seek to use the cricket appointments as a weapon to attack the government at the present time. The challenges before the Sri Lanka Cricket Transformation Committee parallel the larger challenges before the government in developing the national economy and respecting ethnic and religious diversity. Plugging the leaks and restoring systems will take time and effort. It cannot be done overnight and it cannot succeed without public patience and support.
New Recognition
There is also a need for realism. The appointment of Eran Wickremaratne and the new committee does not guarantee success. Reforming deeply flawed institutions is always difficult. Besides, Sri Lanka is a small country with a relatively small population compared to many other cricket playing nations. It is also a country still recovering from the economic breakdown of 2022 which pushed the majority of people into hardship and severely weakened public institutions. The country continues to face unprecedented challenges including the damage caused by Cyclone Ditwah and the wider global economic uncertainties linked to conflict in the Middle East. Under these difficult circumstances Sri Lanka has fewer resources than many larger countries to devote to both cricket and economic development.
When resources are scarce they cannot be wasted through corruption or incompetence. Drawing upon the strengths of all those who are competent for the tasks at hand regardless of party affiliation or ethnic or religious identity is necessary if improvement is to come sooner rather than later. The burden of rebuilding the country cannot rest only on the government. The crisis facing the country is too deep for any single party or government to solve alone. National recovery requires capable individuals from across society and from different sectors such as business and civil society to work together in areas where the national interest transcends party politics. There is also a responsibility on opposition political parties to support initiatives that are politically neutral and genuinely in the national interest. Not every issue needs to become a partisan battle.
Sri Lanka cricket occupies a special place in the national consciousness. At its best it once united the country and gave Sri Lankans a sense of pride and international recognition. Restoring integrity and professionalism to cricket administration can therefore become part of the larger task of national renewal. The appointment of Eran Wickremaratne and the new committee, while it does not guarantee success, is a sign that the political leadership and people of the country may be beginning to mature in their approach to governance. In recognising the need for competence, integrity and bipartisan cooperation and extending it beyond cricket into other areas of national life, Sri Lanka may find the way towards more stable and successful governance..
by Jehan Perera
Features
From Dhaka to Sri Lanka, three wheels that drive our economies
Court vacation this year came with an unexpected lesson, not from a courtroom but from the streets of Dhaka — a city that moves, quite literally, on three wheels.
Above the traffic, a modern metro line glides past concrete pillars and crowded rooftops. It is efficient, clean and frequently cited as a symbol of progress in Bangladesh. For a visitor from Sri Lanka, it inevitably brings to mind our own abandoned light rail plans — a project debated, politicised and ultimately set aside.
But Dhaka’s real story is not in the air. It is on the ground.
Beneath the elevated tracks, the streets belong to three-wheelers. Known locally as CNGs, they cluster at junctions, line the edges of markets and pour into narrow roads that larger vehicles avoid. Even with a functioning rail system, these three-wheelers remain the city’s most dependable form of everyday transport.
Within hours of arriving, their importance becomes obvious. The train may take you across the city, but the journey does not end there. The last mile — often the most complicated part — belongs entirely to the three-wheeler. It is the vehicle that gets you home, to a meeting or simply through streets that no bus route properly serves.
There is a rhythm to using them. A destination is mentioned, a price is suggested and a brief negotiation follows. Then the ride begins, edging into traffic that feels permanently compressed. Drivers move with instinct, adjusting routes and squeezing through gaps with a confidence built over years.
It is not polished. But it works.
And that is where the comparison with Sri Lanka becomes less about what we lack and more about what we already have.
Back home, the three-wheeler has long been part of daily life — so familiar that it is often discussed only in terms of its problems. There are frequent complaints about fares, refusals or the absence of meters. More recently, the industry itself has become entangled in politics — from fuel subsidies to regulatory debates, from election-time promises to periodic crackdowns.
In that process, the conversation has shifted. The three-wheeler is often treated as a problem to be managed, rather than a service to be strengthened.
Yet, seen through the experience of Dhaka, Sri Lanka’s system begins to look far more settled — and, in many ways, ahead.
There is a growing structure in place. Meters, while not perfect, are widely recognised. Ride-hailing apps have added transparency and reduced uncertainty for passengers. There are clearer expectations on both sides — driver and commuter alike. Even small details, such as designated parking areas in parts of Colombo or the increasing standard of vehicles, point to an industry slowly moving towards professionalism.
Just as importantly, there is a human element that remains intact.
In Sri Lanka, a three-wheeler ride is rarely just a transaction. Drivers talk. They offer directions, comment on the day’s news, or share local knowledge. The ride becomes part of the social fabric, not just a means of getting from one point to another.
In Dhaka, the scale of the city leaves less room for that. The interaction is quicker, more direct, shaped by urgency. The service is essential, but it is under constant pressure.
What stands out, across both countries, is that the three-wheeler is not a temporary or outdated mode of transport. It is a necessity in dense, fast-growing Asian cities — one that fills gaps no rail or bus system can fully address.
Large infrastructure projects, like light rail, are important. They bring efficiency and long-term capacity. But they cannot replace the flexibility of a three-wheeler. They cannot reach into narrow streets, respond instantly to demand or provide that crucial last-mile connection.
That is why, even in a city that has invested heavily in modern rail, Dhaka still runs on three wheels.
For Sri Lanka, the lesson is not simply about what could have been built, but about what should be better managed and valued.
The three-wheeler industry does not need to be politicised at every turn. It needs steady regulation — clear fare systems, proper licensing, safety standards — alongside encouragement and recognition. It needs to be seen as part of the solution to urban transport, not as a side issue.
Because for thousands of drivers, it is a livelihood. And for millions of passengers, it is the most immediate and reliable form of mobility.
The tuk-tuk may not feature in grand policy speeches or infrastructure blueprints. It does not run on elevated tracks or attract international attention. But on the ground, where daily life unfolds, it continues to do what larger systems often struggle to do — show up, adapt and keep moving.
And after watching Dhaka’s streets — crowded, relentless, yet functioning — that small, three-wheeled vehicle feels less like something to argue over and more like something to get right.
(The writer is an Attorney-at-Law with over a decade of experience specialising in civil law, a former Board Member of the Office of Missing Persons and a former Legal Director of the Central Cultural Fund. He holds an LLM in International Business Law)
by Sampath Perera recently in Dhaka, Bangladesh
Features
Dubai scene … opening up
According to reports coming my way, the entertainment scene, in Dubai, is very much opening up, and buzzing again!
After a quieter few months, May is packed with entertainment and the whole scene, they say, is shifting back into full swing.
The Seven Notes band, made up of Sri Lankans, based in Dubai, are back in the spotlight, after a short hiatus, due to the ongoing Middle East problems.
On 18th April they did Legends Night at Mercure Hotel Dubai Barsha Heights; on Thursday, 9th May, they will be at the Sports Bar of the Mercure Hotel for 70s/80s Retro Night; on 6th June, they will be at Al Jadaf Dubai to provide the music for Sandun Perera live in concert … and with more dates to follow.
These events are expected to showcase the band’s evolving sound, tighter stage coordination, and stronger audience engagement.
With each performance, the band aims to refine its identity and build a loyal following within Dubai’s vibrant nightlife and event scene.

Pasindu Umayanga: The group’s new vocalist
What makes Seven Notes standout is their versatility which has made the band a dynamic and promising act.
With a growing performance calendar, new talent integration, and international ambitions, the band is definitely entering a defining phase of its journey.
Dubai’s music industry, I’m told, thrives on diversity, energy, and audience connection, with live bands playing a crucial role in elevating events—from corporate shows to private concerts. Against this backdrop, Seven Notes is positioning itself not just as another band, but as a performance-driven musical unit focused on consistency and growth.
Adding fresh momentum to the group is Pasindu Umayanga who joins Seven Notes as their new vocalist. This move signals a strategic upgrade—not just filling a role, but strengthening the band’s front-line presence.
Looking beyond local stages, Seven Notes is preparing for an international tour, to Korea, in July.

Bassist Niluk Uswaththa: Spokesperson for Seven Notes
According to bassist Niluk Uswaththa, taking a band abroad means: Your sound must hold up against unfamiliar audiences, your performance must translate beyond language, and your discipline must be at a professional level.
“If executed well, this tour could redefine Seven Notes from a local band into an emerging international act,” added Niluk.
He went on to say that Dubai is not an easy market. It’s saturated with highly experienced, multi-genre bands that can adapt instantly to any crowd.
“To stand out consistently you need to have tight rehearsal discipline, unique sound identity (not just covers), strong stage chemistry, audience retention – not just applause.”
No doubt, Seven Notes is entering a critical growth phase—new member, multiple shows, and an international tour on the horizon. The opportunity is real, but so is the pressure.
However, there is talk that Seven Notes will soon be a recognised name in the regional music scene.
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