News
Birds return to forest patches where Lantana was removed: Study
Weeding out the invasive tropical American shrub, Lantana camara, appears to alter the composition of bird species in a forest, according to a new study conducted in Central India.However, the research was carried out over only three years. Long-term assessments of how birds and insects respond to the removal of this invasive species are needed, the study published in journal Restoration Ecology, stressed.
Lantanas arrived in India as a decorative shrub in the British colonial period but quickly took over several ecosystems as an invasive plant. The shrub can spread on the forest ground, climb over trees an a creeper and entangle with other native plants with ease.
The researchers focused on tropical dry forests, which don’t often get enough attention. “Peatlands or humid forests get more emphasis for their ability to sequester carbon,” Pooja Choksi, who has just completed her PhD at Columbia University and the lead author of the study, told Down To Earth.
Though dry forests sequester less carbon, people heavily depend on them, she added. Forest restoration by removing lantana was done for the convenience of people, Choksi highlighted. Local communities carried out the removal, the state forest department and a non-governmental organisation.
The team used sound recorders to assess how lantana removal in Madhya Pradesh’s Bichhiya, a critical tiger conservation site, impacted animals that vocalise in frequencies between the frequency range of 2-8 Kilohertz. Bioacoustics, which is the study of animal vocalisations, helps researchers monitor species.
They focused their research on three forest sites: Restored, unrestored, and those with little or no lantana. The team found no difference in species richness or the cumulative number of species across the sites.But differences emerged when they looked at the composition of bird communities or differences in species present at a site.
“What is interesting is that restoration for people’s livelihoods and convenience does not hurt biodiversity,” Choksi highlighted.
They also found differences in acoustic space use (ASU), which quantifies the amount of time soundscapes (animal sounds) are active in 24 hours. A higher ASU can indicate more diversity or abundance of vocalising species.
This change could be temporary, the expert speculated. When lantana is removed, it causes a shift in habitat. Some species will likely leave while others move in, she added.
“When such sudden changes happen, animal communities could be reorganising their community,” she said, adding that long-term studies could provide more concrete answers.
Choksi and her team are currently analysing the data to get a better understanding of the effects a change in soundscapes and the vocalising species composition could mean.
“We have seen a change in composition, but does that mean we are seeing more pollinators or more insectivores — we are currently assessing that,” she said.
Choksi plans to investigate the links between socio-ecological changes and restoration and how people perceive Lantana camara and forest restoration.
– Down to Earth
News
JSA opposes move to extend retirement ages of superior court judges
The Judicial Service Association (JSA), which represents the country’s magistrates and district judges, has unanimously adopted a resolution opposing the government’s proposed extension of the retirement age of superior court judges.
The resolution was passed at a special general meeting held at the Kaduwela Magistrate’s Court premises, attended by 65 magistrates and district judges from across the country.
The meeting was convened following the resignation of JSA President Pasan Amarasena, who stepped down in protest over the holding of the meeting.
According to the resolution, all members present voted in favour of opposing the proposed extension of the retirement age of Supreme Court and Court of Appeal judges.
Amarasena resigned after facing criticism for unilaterally expressing support for extending the retirement age of the Chief Justice. Following his resignation, JSA Secretary Suranga Munasinghe issued a statement to members rejecting the allegations contained in Amarasena’s resignation letter.
Meanwhile, former Health Minister Dr. Rajitha Senaratne claimed the government’s attempt to extend the tenure of superior court judges was aimed at securing their support in pursuing what he described as a campaign of political revenge against Opposition members.
Addressing a meeting at the Sri Lanka Freedom Party headquarters on Darley Road, Colombo, Senaratne argued that if the government’s justification was to retain experienced judges and avoid vacancies, similar retirement age extensions should also be granted to other professions, including university academics.
“The judges themselves have now unanimously opposed the government’s move, as reflected in the outcome of the Judicial Service Association’s special general meeting at Kaduwela,” he said.
by Chaminda Silva
News
Next two weeks critical as dengue risk soars
Mosquito larvae density in Sri Lanka’s Western Province has increased significantly, making the next two weeks an extremely high-risk period for dengue transmission, according to Consultant Physician Dr. Ananda Wijewickrama, a member of the Expert Committee on Dengue Management.
Speaking during a television programme, Dr. Wijewickrama warned that based on the current trend of dengue transmission, the situation could become more serious than the country’s 2017 dengue outbreak.
He said hospitals in the Western Province have already exceeded their capacity due to the sharp increase in patient admissions, with some facilities being forced to accommodate two or even three patients in a single hospital bed.
Also speaking during the programme, Prof. Neelika Malavige of the University of Sri Jayewardenepura said early signs of the current outbreak had been visible as far back as December and January.
“We could already see indications of this in December and January. With the current changes, the trend is not encouraging. We usually see an increase in dengue cases during the Southwest Monsoon period from May to July, and again during the Northeast Monsoon from November to January. When such conditions are expected, we need to be prepared in advance. After that, from February to April, we experienced extremely high temperatures, and mosquito breeding tends to slow down during periods of excessive heat,” she said.
Professor Malavige also noted that three dengue vaccines have been approved in various countries and are currently being used in several Asian nations, including Indonesia, the Philippines, Thailand, Vietnam and Malaysia.
“However, there are many factors Sri Lanka would need to consider before introducing a dengue vaccine. It would not have an immediate impact on reducing an epidemic. The vaccine requires two doses, and it takes time for immunity to develop after vaccination. However, for people who have previously been infected with dengue, the vaccine has shown very good effectiveness,” she said.
Sri Lanka has so far reported 66,064 dengue cases this year, while the death toll has risen to 46.
A total of 10,685 cases were reported during the first nine days of July alone, including 1,030 new infections reported yesterday.
Of the total number of cases, 52.7% have been reported from the Western Province. Gampaha District has now overtaken Colombo District as the area recording the highest number of dengue infections.
Meanwhile, amid the heightened risk, special dengue control operations involving members of the armed forces were carried out today in several parts of the country.
by Pradeep Prasanna Samarakoon
News
Budget 2027 on Nov. 12
The second reading of the 2027 Appropriation Bill will be presented in Parliament on November 12, the Ministry of Finance announced.
The Ministry said the Bill will be published in the Government Gazette on September 18 and presented for its first reading in Parliament on October 7.
The draft Appropriation Bill for 2027, which sets out the proposed expenditure allocations for each Ministry, is scheduled to be submitted to the Cabinet for approval on September 14.
According to the Ministry, the second reading debate on the Budget will be held from November 13 to 20, while the Committee Stage debate is scheduled from November 21 to December 14.
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