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Half of world’s democracies in decline: Report

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US and India among countries with most severe democratic erosion

Half the world’s democratic countries are experiencing an erosion of democracy, intensified by war in Ukraine and economic crisis, an international think tank said in a report.
“We’re seeing extraordinarily severe headwinds for democracy now, intensified by the political fallout from the economic crisis that started with the pandemic and the economic consequences of the war in Ukraine,” International IDEA Secretary-General Kevin Casas-Zamorav said.
“It might be that the credibility of elections is challenged. It might be that the rule of law is under assault. It might be that civic space is being constrained,” he explained.The number of democracies with the most severe democratic erosion – a group dubbed “backsliding” countries which has included the United States since last year – increased from six to seven in 2022 with the addition of El Salvador to the list.

The others are Brazil, Hungary, India, Mauritius and Poland.

Casas-Zamora singled out the US as particularly worrying.
“I’m very concerned by what we’re seeing in the United States,” he said.
The country faces political polarisation, institutional dysfunction and threats to civil liberties, according to the report.
“It’s quite clear by now that the fever didn’t break with the election of a new administration,” he said, pointing to “the runaway levels of polarisation (and) the attempts to undermine the credibility of electoral results without any evidence of fraud”.
Casas-Zamora noted the US had also taken a “visible step backwards” in sexual and reproductive rights, “which is very exceptional because most countries, pretty much all other countries, are going forward in terms of expanding sexual and reproductive rights”.
“The US is moving backwards,” he said.

Of the 173 countries covered by International IDEA’s report, 104 were democracies and 52 of those were in decline.
Meanwhile, the number of countries moving toward authoritarianism, 27, was more than double the number moving toward democracy, at 13.
Almost half of all authoritarian regimes became even more repressive in 2022, with Afghanistan, Belarus, Cambodia, Comoros and Nicaragua singled out as experiencing a “broad decline”.
In Asia, where only 54 percent of people live in a democracy, authoritarianism is solidifying, the report said, while Africa, despite a myriad of challenges, remains “resilient” in the face of instability.
A decade after the Arab Spring, the Middle East continues to be “the most authoritarian region in the world”. It has only three democracies – Iraq, Israel and Lebanon.
In Europe, almost half of all democracies, or 17 countries, suffered democratic erosion in the last five years.
“Democracies are struggling to effectively bring balance to environments marked by instability and anxiety, and populists continue to gain ground around the world as democratic innovation and growth stagnate or decline,” the report said.

It noted there were “troubling patterns” even in countries that were performing at middle to high levels of democratic standards.
In the past five years, progress has stalled across all of the indices IDEA studies, with some scores “the same as they were in 1990”, it said.
“Democratic systems have really wobbled over the past couple of decades and it quite clearly has become a burning issue in our age,” Casas-Zamora said.
There were, however, some signs of progress.
IDEA noted that people were coming together to push their governments to meet 21st-century demands, ranging from creating community-based childcare in Asia to reproductive freedoms in Latin America, and youth climate protests around the globe.
“But also in places like Iran, where people have gone out to demand freedom and equality and dignity,” Casas-Zamora said.
“So there are a few bright spots but the overall trend is very bleak.”



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Senior citizens above 70 years to receive March allowances on Thursday (26)

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The Welfare Benefits Board has announced that the March allowance for senior citizens over 70 years of age will be credited to each beneficiaries account on Thursday (26th).

693,801 senior citizens over the age of 70 years are set to benifit under this welfare scheme

 

 

 

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CEB Engineers warn public to be prepared for power cuts after New Year

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A looming power crisis is casting an ominous shadow over the country, with engineers warning that the current “no power cut” situation may not last beyond the Sinhala and Tamil New Year due to worsening diesel shortages and ongoing coal-related disruptions.

A senior electrical engineer, attached to the Ceylon Electricity Board Engineers Union, cautioned that while authorities appear to be managing the system for now, the underlying fuel constraints are reaching a critical point.

He told The Island: “At the moment, there are no scheduled power cuts across the country. But this is being maintained under significant strain. With the diesel shortage and unresolved coal issues, sustaining uninterrupted supply, beyond the New Year period, will be extremely challenging.”

The engineer noted that thermal power generation — particularly diesel-based plants — has become increasingly difficult to sustain due to limited fuel stocks and logistical bottlenecks. At the same time, the substandard quality coal supply issues that have plagued recent shipments continue to undermine the efficiency of base-load generation.

“We are stretching available resources to avoid immediate outages. owever, unless there is a rapid improvement in fuel availability, the system will be forced into load shedding soon after the New Year,” he warned.

According to him, authorities are likely to delay any scheduled outages until after the festive season to avoid public backlash and economic disruption during a traditionally sensitive period.

“Most probably, they will try to continue like this until the New Year. But after that, daytime or peak-time load shedding becomes almost inevitable if the situation remains unchanged,” he added.

Energy analysts say the warning reflects a deeper structural vulnerability within the power sector, where over-reliance on imported fossil fuels — particularly diesel and coal — continues to expose the system to external shocks and procurement failures.

The recent use of substandard coal has already resulted in reduced generation capacity at the country’s sole coal power plant at Norochcholai, compounding the pressure on thermal plants to bridge the shortfall. Engineers say this has forced operators to depend more heavily on costly diesel generation — an option now constrained by supply shortages.

Industry sources indicate that demand is also on the rise, particularly during night peak hours, possibly driven by increased reliance on electricity for cooking, amid gas shortages, further tightening the supply-demand balance.

Despite the absence of official announcements, insiders suggest contingency planning for load shedding is already underway.

“If the fuel situation does not improve within the next few weeks, controlled power cuts will be the only viable option to protect the grid from a total system failure,” the engineer stressed.

The warning comes at a time when the country is attempting to maintain economic stability following successive crises, with uninterrupted power supply considered critical for industry, commerce, and daily life.

However, unless urgent corrective measures are taken to secure reliable fuel supplies and stabilise generation capacity, the return of power cuts — including during daytime hours — appears increasingly unavoidable, an expert said.

By Ifham Nizam

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Japanese boost to Sri J’pura Hospital, an outright gift from Tokyo during JRJ rule

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Japanese Ambassador to Colombo, Akio Isomata, on 24 March, handed over the newly established dental unit and 4D Angio CT suite at Sri Jayewardenepura General Hospital. Health Minister Dr. Nalinda Jayatissa and other senior officials from the Ministry of Health and the hospital attended the event.

Highlighting the strong partnership between Japan and Sri Lanka in the health sector, the Embassy issued the following press release yesterday: “This handover marks the second phase of the project, following the initial provision of ophthalmic equipment in December 2023. The current phase represents a significant milestone, featuring the introduction of a state-of-the-art CT Angiography system – the first of its kind in South Asia – as well as dental units. These contributions are expected to enhance Sri Lanka’s capacity to address non-communicable diseases (NCDs), including cancer, stroke, and diabetes, thereby saving lives, reducing long-term complications, and improving the quality of life of patients.

The CT Angiography system integrates CT scanning and angiography functions, enabling highly accurate and timely diagnosis and treatment. It is expected to further strengthen the hospital’s role as a key medical hub in Sri Lanka and the wider region.

In addition, the provision of 10 dental units will support the establishment and enhancement of dental services at the hospital. In Japan, oral health is considered closely linked to overall health and plays an important role in extending healthy life expectancy. This support is, therefore, also expected to contribute to the promotion of preventive healthcare in Sri Lanka.

The Sri Jayewardenepura General Hospital was constructed in 1984 with grant assistance from the Government of Japan. The well-known “1001-bed” story—originating from former President J.R. Jayewardene’s remark to add one more bed to the originally planned 1,000—remains a memorable episode reflecting the history of this cooperation.

Japan has consistently supported Sri Lanka’s health sector over the decades, including the development of medical facilities, strengthening of blood supply systems, and support during the COVID-19 pandemic through vaccine delivery assistance. Furthermore, during Sri Lanka’s recent economic crisis, Japan provided fuel essential for maintaining healthcare services, and in times of natural disasters, dispatched emergency medical teams to deliver urgent care. These efforts demonstrate Japan’s continued commitment to standing by Sri Lanka, especially in times of need. These efforts reflect Japan’s commitment to “investment in people” and “human security,” supporting a healthcare system in which all individuals can live healthy and dignified lives.

Japanese Ambassador Isomata with Minister Dr Jayatissa and officials (pic courtesy Japanese Embassy)

Ambassador Isomata remarked, “This support is not merely for the provision of equipment, but also for the consolidation of the foundation for safeguarding lives and livelihoods. Sri Jayewardenepura General Hospital, built with the support of Japan, stands as a symbol of the longstanding friendship between our two countries. We sincerely hope that this project will contribute to building a sustainable healthcare system that benefits future generations in the field of medicine and further strengthen our partnership.”

Minister Jayatissa highlighted,” This is not just a donation of machines. It is an investment in the lives and futures of our patients. By establishing this modern dental unit, we are addressing a critical need in the prevention and treatment of oral diseases for our population. I wish to express our deepest gratitude to the Government and people of Japan for this generous assistance. These are acts of true friendship, and the people of Sri Lanka will always remember them with gratitude.”

Japan will continue to work closely with Sri Lanka to further strengthen the healthcare sector and deepen the longstanding friendship between the two countries.”

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