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Covid-19 hits nine of dwindling Great Andamanese tribe

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BY S VENKAT NARAYAN

Our Special Correspondent

NEW DELHI, August 28:

Nine cases of Covid-19 have been recorded among the Great Andamanese tribe, setting off alarm bells in the Andaman and Nicobar Islands administration. A Particularly Vulnerable Tribal Group (PVTG), the Great Andamanese now number only 59. While five of the coronavirus patients have recovered, the others are doing well, officials said.

What is worrying the authorities is that the four new cases have been discovered in the remote Strait Island, where the tribe is based. On Friday, a special community health officer will be reaching the island to keep a close watch on the tribe, as well as other PVTGs like the Jarawa, Shompen and Onge.

While the Union territory has seen 2,985 Covid cases (676 of which are active) and 41 deaths so far, the Great Andamanese is the first among its vulnerable tribes to be hit by the coronavirus.

Dr Avijit Roy, Joint Secretary, Health, Andaman and Nicobar Islands, and the nodal officer for the Union territory’s Covid-19 response, said they had tested all the 59 Great Andamanese members — “34 in Strait Island and 24 in Port Blair” — after five of them living in Port Blair had tested positive.

He said the samples of the four on Strait Island who have tested positive were taken on August 22. “We got the report the next day. They were moved to isolation wards of G B Pant Hospital in Port Blair. They are cooperating well and recovering fast.”

Roy pointed out that unlike the other PVTGs, the Great Andamanese frequent Port Blair and the administration has built a special home for them to stay in the capital.

“The Great Andamanese are a small population but they are in touch with the general population. While no one is allowed to visit Strait Island, they are allowed to come and stay in Port Blair. So, the risk of them getting Covid was high,” Vishvajit Pandya, a renowned anthropologist and director of the Andaman and Nicobar Tribal Research and Training Institute, said.

Pandya, who has been working in the Union territory since 1983, was present when the Jarawas made first contact with the outside world in 1997. He stressed on the need to keep the tribes isolated.

“The administration should implement what it says. The Great Andaman Trunk Road has still not been shut. If the administration thinks that since the tribal groups are deep in the jungles they will not come in touch with settlers, they are wrong. Even the Jarawas, Shompens are vulnerable to Covid-19 because they engage with settlers in barter to get rice and other items. Even recently settlers were arrested inside the Jarawa reserve,” he said.

Amit Kumar Ghosh, the Superintending Anthropologist at the Anthropological Survey of India, pointed out that in the 1850s, the Great Andamanese numbered between 5,000 and 8,000. “Then a penal colony was set up and diseases like syphilis, gonorrhoea, flu and others spread. By 1901, their population had dropped to 625, and by the 1931 Census, only 90 Great Andamanese were left. By the 1960s, they were down to a mere 19, and were settled on Strait Island,” he said, highlighting the vulnerability of the PVTGs to illnesses.

Ghosh added that the danger is even higher for other tribes. “The Great Andamanese have been in contact with outsiders for the last 50 years. But a disease like this could wipe out the entire population of the Jarawas and Sentinelese.”

Roy said they were aware of the threat, and had taken appropriate measures. “No one is allowed into the areas where the tribal groups are located. All government and health officials who go there are tested for Covid prior to their visits. Only vehicles with essential commodities are moving on the Andaman Trunk Road which cuts through the Jarawa Reserve, and the drivers and others in vehicles are also tested before allowed in,” he said.

An official of the Tribal Welfare Department in-charge specifically of the Jarawas said: “A small team of ANM and department officials is posted near the forest where the tribe lives, keeping a watch while maintaining distance. All of them are housed in an isolation facility and regularly tested.”

The Andamans is home to five PVTGs, the Sentinelese, Jarawa, Great Andamanese, Onge and Shompen. This is besides the Nicobarese, who are Scheduled Tribes. The Sentinelese are the most reclusive of them all, resisting outside contact.

In November 2018, an American national, 27-year-old John Allen Chau, had been killed by the Sentinelese when he tried to illegally approach them. Officials have not managed to recover his body till date.



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JSA opposes move to extend retirement ages of superior court judges

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Dr. Rajitha Senaratne

The Judicial Service Association (JSA), which represents the country’s magistrates and district judges, has unanimously adopted a resolution opposing the government’s proposed extension of the retirement age of superior court judges.

The resolution was passed at a special general meeting held at the Kaduwela Magistrate’s Court premises, attended by 65 magistrates and district judges from across the country.

The meeting was convened following the resignation of JSA President Pasan Amarasena, who stepped down in protest over the holding of the meeting.

According to the resolution, all members present voted in favour of opposing the proposed extension of the retirement age of Supreme Court and Court of Appeal judges.

Amarasena resigned after facing criticism for unilaterally expressing support for extending the retirement age of the Chief Justice. Following his resignation, JSA Secretary Suranga Munasinghe issued a statement to members rejecting the allegations contained in Amarasena’s resignation letter.

Meanwhile, former Health Minister Dr. Rajitha Senaratne claimed the government’s attempt to extend the tenure of superior court judges was aimed at securing their support in pursuing what he described as a campaign of political revenge against Opposition members.

Addressing a meeting at the Sri Lanka Freedom Party headquarters on Darley Road, Colombo, Senaratne argued that if the government’s justification was to retain experienced judges and avoid vacancies, similar retirement age extensions should also be granted to other professions, including university academics.

“The judges themselves have now unanimously opposed the government’s move, as reflected in the outcome of the Judicial Service Association’s special general meeting at Kaduwela,” he said.

by Chaminda Silva

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Next two weeks critical as dengue risk soars

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Mosquito larvae density in Sri Lanka’s Western Province has increased significantly, making the next two weeks an extremely high-risk period for dengue transmission, according to Consultant Physician Dr. Ananda Wijewickrama, a member of the Expert Committee on Dengue Management.

Speaking during a television programme, Dr. Wijewickrama warned that based on the current trend of dengue transmission, the situation could become more serious than the country’s 2017 dengue outbreak.

He said hospitals in the Western Province have already exceeded their capacity due to the sharp increase in patient admissions, with some facilities being forced to accommodate two or even three patients in a single hospital bed.

Also speaking during the programme, Prof. Neelika Malavige of the University of Sri Jayewardenepura said early signs of the current outbreak had been visible as far back as December and January.

“We could already see indications of this in December and January. With the current changes, the trend is not encouraging. We usually see an increase in dengue cases during the Southwest Monsoon period from May to July, and again during the Northeast Monsoon from November to January. When such conditions are expected, we need to be prepared in advance. After that, from February to April, we experienced extremely high temperatures, and mosquito breeding tends to slow down during periods of excessive heat,” she said.

Professor Malavige also noted that three dengue vaccines have been approved in various countries and are currently being used in several Asian nations, including Indonesia, the Philippines, Thailand, Vietnam and Malaysia.

“However, there are many factors Sri Lanka would need to consider before introducing a dengue vaccine. It would not have an immediate impact on reducing an epidemic. The vaccine requires two doses, and it takes time for immunity to develop after vaccination. However, for people who have previously been infected with dengue, the vaccine has shown very good effectiveness,” she said.

Sri Lanka has so far reported 66,064 dengue cases this year, while the death toll has risen to 46.

A total of 10,685 cases were reported during the first nine days of July alone, including 1,030 new infections reported yesterday.

Of the total number of cases, 52.7% have been reported from the Western Province. Gampaha District has now overtaken Colombo District as the area recording the highest number of dengue infections.

Meanwhile, amid the heightened risk, special dengue control operations involving members of the armed forces were carried out today in several parts of the country.

by Pradeep Prasanna Samarakoon

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Budget 2027 on Nov. 12

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The second reading of the 2027 Appropriation Bill will be presented in Parliament on November 12, the Ministry of Finance announced.

The Ministry said the Bill will be published in the Government Gazette on September 18 and presented for its first reading in Parliament on October 7.

The draft Appropriation Bill for 2027, which sets out the proposed expenditure allocations for each Ministry, is scheduled to be submitted to the Cabinet for approval on September 14.

According to the Ministry, the second reading debate on the Budget will be held from November 13 to 20, while the Committee Stage debate is scheduled from November 21 to December 14.

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