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Reforming our constitution: Getting the basics right first

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A Nation at a Crossroads

The economic and social crises of 2022 marked a turning point in Sri Lanka’s modern history. They forced the nation to confront an uncomfortable truth: our constitutional framework—designed to centralise political power—has long contributed to national decline.

Out of that turmoil emerged a renewed call for genuine constitutional reform—a demand for a fair, people-centred system built on peace, prosperity, and zero tolerance for corruption. The current government was elected on this mandate and pledged to complete this long-overdue task. It is now the duty of every citizen to ensure that the promise is fulfilled. Drafting, debating, and passing a new constitution—culminating in a national referendum—may take more than two years. By then, political rivalries could once again derail progress.

Learning from History

Since its independence in 1948, Sri Lanka has adopted three constitutions. The first, drafted by Sir Ivor Jennings, followed the Westminster model. The 1972 Constitution declared Sri Lanka a republic, while the 1978 Constitution introduced the executive presidency—later amended 22 times—concentrating power in the hands of a few and weakening constitutional governance.

Global experience shows that countries adopting executive presidencies without adequate checks and balances often drift toward authoritarianism and economic stagnation. In contrast, Commonwealth nations that retained parliamentary democracy—such as the United Kingdom, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, India, Malaysia, and Singapore—have generally prospered.

Meanwhile, nations that embraced presidential systems, blurring the separation of powers—such as Sri Lanka, Zimbabwe, Pakistan, and Nigeria—have faced recurring instability. The Nordic countries, consistently ranking among the world’s strongest democracies, further demonstrate that democratic governance and development go hand in hand.

A Chance for Renewal

The ‘Aragalaya’ of 2022 was a people’s movement demanding accountability and reform. It offered an extraordinary opportunity to rebuild public trust through a constitution that genuinely reflects the will of the people.

Parliament must act now to safeguard this process—possibly through a two-thirds majority—to ensure reform remains free from political manipulation and that current representatives can complete their terms without disruption. Delaying tactics disguised as “further deliberation” must be resisted. Issues such as delimitation should not hinder progress; a nationwide referendum will ultimately decide the final constitution. After decades of politics defined by ethnicity, religion, and region, the public has had enough of division. Reform delayed is reform denied.

Principles for a People’s Constitution

A strong constitution protects citizens’ rights, guarantees equality before the law, and ensures efficient, transparent, and accountable governance. Sri Lanka’s next constitution must:

= Guarantee equality before the law for all citizens—regardless of ethnicity, religion, or background—without granting undue privileges to any group.

=Recognise diversity within a framework of shared citizenship, promoting inclusion and unity.

=Clearly define the powers and responsibilities of national and provincial administrations within a unitary framework.

=Uphold constitutional conventions and public ethics that reinforce accountability and the national interest.

The constitution must be published in Sinhala, Tamil, and English, with the English version serving as the authoritative text for legal interpretation. This will reduce ambiguity and build confidence among all communities, particularly minorities who rely on English for civic and legal engagement.

Practical Governance for a Small Nation

With a population of just 22 million, Sri Lanka does not need a sprawling political system modelled on global superpowers. What the country needs is an affordable, efficient, and accountable structure that reflects the people’s will and reinforces our identity as a Democratic Socialist Republic.

Our existing three-pillar system aligns with liberal democratic principles, but the 1978 reforms and subsequent amendments distorted that balance. It is time to restore effective governance through a unitary model—one national government with clearly defined, limited powers delegated to autonomous provincial administrations. This model can empower regions to develop their unique strengths in culture, resources, and values, within a single national framework of security and stability.

In an increasingly interconnected world, unity combined with local autonomy is not just a moral imperative—it is an economic and strategic necessity.

Building Accountability into the Future

Every constitution must evolve. We therefore propose the establishment of a permanent, independent Constitutional Commission composed of designated representatives from multiple disciplines, professional bodies, social sectors, and regional nominees. This body would periodically evaluate the constitution’s performance, identify weaknesses, and recommend reforms to ensure its continued relevance and effectiveness.

Such a mechanism would ensure that the constitution remains relevant in a rapidly changing geopolitical environment—protecting Sri Lanka’s sovereignty, avoiding dependency, and preventing the nation from becoming a pawn in global power politics or trapped once again in unsustainable debt.

Sri Lanka has the wisdom and capacity to craft a constitution that reflects its people’s aspirations, strengthens democratic governance, and safeguards cultural values. Now is the moment to act—calmly, rationally, and united in purpose—before political inertia squanders this rare opportunity.

The Way Forward

The success of this endeavour depends on building strong institutions—an independent judiciary, a robust legislature, a free press, an efficient bureaucracy, and adequate checks and balances. Our focus must be on empowering systems, not individuals.

Detailed discussions and consensus statements from the LEADS Forum are available at www.srilankaleads.com under the “Sunday Meetings” tab.

By Jayampathy Wickramaratne
(President’s Counsel and academic),
Ranjan de Silva (Brigadier and lawyer),
Anura de Silva (Citizen Activist),
and Chula Goonasekera (Medical reformist and academic) on behalf of the LEADS Forum (admin@srilankaleads.com)



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Features

Political violence stalking Trump administration

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A scene that unfolded during the shooting incident at the recent White House Correspondents’ Dinner in Washington. (BBC)

It would not be particularly revelatory to say that the US is plagued by ‘gun violence’. It is a deeply entrenched and widespread malaise that has come in tandem with the relative ease with which firearms could be acquired and owned by sections of the US public, besides other causes.

However, a third apparent attempt on the life of US President Donald Trump in around two and a half years is both thought-provoking and unsettling for the defenders of democracy. After all, whatever its short comings the US remains the world’s most vibrant democracy and in fact the ‘mightiest’ one. And the US must remain a foremost democracy for the purpose of balancing and offsetting the growing power of authoritarian states in the global power system, who are no friends of genuine representational governance.

Therefore, the recent breaching of the security cordon surrounding the White House Correspondents’ Dinner in Washington at which President Trump and his inner Cabinet were present, by an apparently ‘Lone Wolf’ gunman, besides raising issues relating to the reliability of the security measures deployed for the President, indicates a notable spike in anti-VVIP political violence in particular in the US. It is a pointer to a strong and widespread emergence of anti-democratic forces which seem to be gaining in virulence and destructiveness.

The issues raised by the attack are in the main for the US’ political Right and its supporters. They have smugly and complacently stood by while the extremists in their midst have taken centre stage and begun to dictate the course of Right wing politics. It is the political culture bred by them that leads to ‘Lone Wolf’ gunmen, for instance, who see themselves as being repressed or victimized, taking the law into their own hands, so to speak, and perpetrating ‘revenge attacks’ on the state and society.

A disproportionate degree of attention has been paid particularly internationally to Donald Trump’s personality and his eccentricities but such political persons cannot be divorced from the political culture in which they originate and have their being. That is, “structural” questions matter. Put simply, Donald Trump is a ‘true son’ of the Far Right, his principal support base. The issues raised are therefore for the President as well as his supporters of the Right.

We are obliged to respect the choices of the voting public but in the case of Trump’s election to the highest public position in the US, this columnist is inclined to see in those sections that voted for Trump blind followers of the latter who cared not for their candidate’s suitability, in every relevant respect, and therefore acted irrationally. It would seem that the Right in the US wanted their candidate to win by ‘hook or by crook’ and exercise power on their behalf.

By making the above observations this columnist does not intend to imply that voting publics everywhere in the world of democracy cast their vote sensibly. In the case of Sri Lanka, for example, the question could be raised whether the voters of the country used their vote sensibly when voting into office the majority of Executive Presidents and other persons holding high public office. The obvious answer is ‘no’ and this should lead to a wider public discussion on the dire need for thoroughgoing voter education. The issue is a ‘huge’ one that needs to be addressed in the appropriate forums and is beyond the scope of this column.

Looking back it could be said that the actions of Trump and his die-hard support base led to the Rule of Law in the US being undermined as perhaps never before in modern times. A shaming moment in this connection was the protest march, virtually motivated by Trump, of his supporters to the US Capitol on January 6th, 2021, with the aim of scuttling the presidential poll result of that year. Much violence and unruly behaviour, as known, was let loose. This amounted to denigrating the democratic process and encouraging the violent take over of the state.

In a public address, prior to the unruly conduct of his supporters, Trump is on record as blaring forth the following: ‘We won this election and we won by a landslide’, ‘We will stop the steal’, ‘We will never give up. We will never concede. It doesn’t happen’, ‘If you don’t fight like hell, you’re not going to have a country anymore.’

It is plain to see that such inflammatory utterances could lead impressionable minds in particular to revolt violently. Besides, they should have led the more rationally inclined to wonder whether their candidate was the most suitable person to hold the office of President.

Unfortunately, the latter process was not to be and the question could be raised whether the US is in the ‘safest pair of hands’. Needless to say, as events have revealed, Donald Trump is proving to be one of the most erratic heads of state the US has ever had.

However, the latest attempt on the life of President Trump suggests that considerable damage has been done to the democratic integrity of the US and none other than the President himself has to take on himself a considerable proportion of the blame for such degeneration, besides the US’ Far Right. They could be said to be ‘reaping the whirlwind.’

It is a time for soul-searching by the US Right. The political Right has the right to exist, so the speak, in a functional democracy but it needs to take cognizance of how its political culture is affecting the democratic integrity or health of the US. Ironically, the repressive and chauvinistic politics advocated by it is having the effect of activating counter-violence of the most murderous kind, as was witnessed at the White House Correspondents’ Dinner. Continued repressive politics could only produce more such incidents that could be self-defeating for the US.

Some past US Presidents were assassinated but the present political violence in the country brings into focus as perhaps never before the role that an anti-democratic political culture could play in unraveling the gains that the US has made over the decades. A duty is cast on pro-democracy forces to work collectively towards protecting the democratic integrity and strength of the US.

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22nd Anniversary Gala …action-packed event

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The Skyliners: Shanaka Viswakula (bass), Mario Ranasuriya (lead guitar), Daryl D'Souza (keyboards) and Kushmin Balasuriya (drums)

The Editor-in-Chief of The Sri Lankan Anchorman, a Toronto-based monthly, celebrating Sri Lankan community life in Canada, is none other than veteran Sri Lankan journalist Dirk Tissera, who moved to Canada in 1997. His wife, Michelle, whom he calls his “tower of strength”, is the Design Editor.

According to reports coming my way, the paper has turned out to be extremely popular in Toronto.

In fact, The Sri Lankan Anchorman won a press award in Toronto for excellence in editorial content and visual presentation.

However, the buzz in the air in Canada, right now, is The Sri Lankan Anchorman’s 22nd Anniversary Gala, to be held on Friday, 12 June, 2026, at the J&J Swagat Banquet Convention Centre, in Toronto.

An action-packed programme has been put together for the night, featuring some of the very best artistes in the Toronto scene.

The Skylines, who are classified as ‘the local musical band in Toronto’, will headline the event.

Dirk Tissera and wife Michelle: Supporting Sri Lanka-Canada community events, in Toronto, since launching The Anchorman
in 2002

They have performed and backed many legendary Sri Lanka singers.

According to Dirk, The Skylines can belt out a rhythm with gusto … be it Western, Sinhala or Tamil hits.

Also adding sparkle to the evening will be the legendary Fahmy Nazick, who, with his smooth and velvety vocals, will have the crowd on the floor.

Fahmy who was a household name, back in Sri Lanka, will be flying down from Virginia, USA.

He has captivated audiences in Sri Lanka, the Middle East and North America, and this will be his fourth visit to Toronto – back by popular demand,

Cherry DeLuna, who is described by Dirk as a powerhouse, also makes her appearance on stage and is all set to stir up the tempo with her cool and easy delivery.

“She’s got a great voice and vocal range that has captivated audiences out here”, says Dirk.

Chamil Welikala, said to be one of the hottest DJs in town, will be spinning his magic … in English, Sinhala, Tamil and Latin.


Both Jive and Baila competitions are on the cards among many other surprises on the night of 12 June.

This is The Anchorman’s fifth annual dance in a row – starting from 2022, 2023, 2024 and 2025 – and both Dirk and Michelle, and The Anchorman, have always produced elegant social events in Toronto.

“We intend to knock this one out of the park,” the duo says, adding that Western music and Sinhala and Tamil songs is something they’ve always delivered and the crowd loves it.

“We have always supported Sri Lanka-Canada community events, in Toronto, since launching The Anchorman, in 2002, and we intend to keep it that way.”

No doubt, there will be a large crowd of Sri Lankans, from all communities, turning up, on 12 June, to support Dirk, Michelle and The Anchorman.

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Face Pack for Radiant Skin

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* Apple and Orange:

Blend a few apple and orange pieces together. Add to it a pinch of turmeric and one tablespoon of honey. Apply it to the face and neck and rinse off after 30 minutes. This face pack is suitable for all skin types.

According to experts, apple is one of the best fruits for your skin health with Vitamin A, B complex and Vitamin C and minerals, while, with the orange peel, excessive oil secretion can be easily balanced.

* Mango and Curd:

Ripe mango pulp, mixed with curd, can be rubbed directly onto the skin to remove dirt and cleanse clogged pores. Rinse off after a few minutes.

Yes, of course, mango is a tasty and delicious fruit and this is the mango season in our part of the world, and it has extra-ordinary benefits to skin health. Vitamins C and E in mangoes protect the skin from the UV rays of the sun and promotes cell regeneration. It also promotes skin elasticity and fights skin dullness and acne, while curd, in combination, further adds to it.

*  Grapes and Kiwi:

Take a handful of grapes and make a pulp of it. Simultaneously, take one kiwi fruit and mash it after peeling its skin. Now mix them and add some yoghurt to it. Apply it on your face for few minutes and wash it off.

Here again experts say that kiwi is the best nutrient-rich fruit with high vitamin C, minerals, Omega-3 fatty acids and vitamin E, while grapes contain flavonoids, which is an antioxidant that protects the skin from free radical damage. This homemade face pack acts as a natural cleanser and slows down the ageing process.

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