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A new set of upwardly mobile youngsters

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C. W. W. Kannangara

“Sri Lanka’s free education policy, a landmark achievement, was introduced in 1945 by

Dr C W W Kannangara. This policy ensures that all citizens, from primary to university level, have access to free education. It was a pivotal moment in the then Ceylon’s history, significantly expanding education opportunities and contributing to high literacy rates.”

Previous to this date the government (British with local administrators) ran rural schools, mostly primary or secondary. Missionary schools dotted the island with foreign principals and even teachers of the Roman Catholic, Anglican, Methodist and Baptist denominations in which the medium of instruction was English. To counter them, Buddhist schools were started in many major cities and later came the Hindu and Muslim schools.

The city dwellers, the elite, those with incomes, gave their children the benefit of education up to senior secondary and gradually beyond when University College, Medical College and Law College were inaugurated.

Central Schools were established as part of a nationwide initiative to provide free quality education, particularly in rural areas, starting in 1943. This initiative was spearheaded by Dr C W W Kannangara again, often referred to as the ‘Father of Free Education’. These schools aimed to offer comprehensive education to students selected from a defined geographical area, typically within a six–mile radius. The initial launch in 1943 established eleven central schools which quickly expanded to 23 and then 54 by 1944, with one school per electorate. It was with the addition of these Madyama Maha Vidyalayas added to the Maha Vidyalayas that promoted the upward mobility of the middle and lower middle class rural children. After independence from British rule in Ceylon, many students of these schools were taking their place in the administrative service of the government at higher positions. These schools are now called National Schools.

The above is an introduction to my subject because my focus is on children of working class families: farmers, office aides (peons), three wheeler owners/drivers and even daily paid labourers. I prefer my Nan articles to be subjective and so I mean to present a couple of examples of present day and very recent past individuals and families of a couple of upwardly mobile youngsters of the new group.

Area rule for university entrants

I quote again from my search on the Internet: “University admissions are governed by the University Grants Commission and utilize a system that combines merit and district quotas. This system aims to balance academic excellence with equitable access across different districts. District quotas allocate a proportion of places in each course to students from each district based on its population,” The area rule or district quota system for university admissions came into effect in 1972, alongside standardization policy.

A side effect of this good policy was that students from big cities were discriminated against. A four subject pass at the university entrance exam from a college student in a big city –Jaffna and Colombo particularly – were kept out of university unless their results were exceptionally high while a student from Badulla with three passes gained entrance for medical study. Uva was considered a very deprived province. Such a girl was identified to receive my mother’s savings when she died. I befriended Anula, who was in Medical College, University of Ruhuna , and helped her further. She visited and stayed with me several times and then was posted to the Kandy General Hospital. In appreciation, she wanted me to be witness to her marriage to a fellow doctor. She kept in touch with me as she settled down to marriage and raising a family in a Mahaveli system. I gathered she was a humane doctor. Many like her benefitted from the area rule. She was clever, bright and sharp. She wrote letters to me in Sinhala. I suggested she attempt English letter writing. Within three months she was fluent.

Cases of now

More recent cases. A vendor near the Fresh Fish outlet I go to for my week’s supply of fish would sell vegetables on the pavement of an adjacent building. His ware was manioc and all kinds of fresh green vegetables. One Saturday he was absent. Next, I asked him what happened to him the previous Saturday. My daughter got married, he said, and elaborated with no hubris: She is a doctor and married a businessman. He continued his vegetable selling business.

Asoka was a rescued JVPer then aged 18 with a very strict mother and mild father. He was sent to an uncle’s home for safety. He learnt driving and was given a van in charge of; his uncle being an entrepreneur in the tourist industry. Then came the tsunami and business dried up. Asoka managed to lease out a van from his uncle and conveyed benefactors and their supplies to tsunami devastated areas. One Sinhala couple, resident in the UK, was served by him and there developed a friendship of gratitude from his side and appreciation from theirs. They returned to live in Sri Lanka and helped him by buying him a house and helping with his growing family of three. He dabbled in business; construction of houses et al. But his income would shoot up or sink low. He was now employed as a driver in an embassy and his honesty, dedication to his job and loyalty to his employer earned him the respect of most of those he worked for. His wife was a Roman Catholic and entered his eldest daughter to a convent in the outskirts of Colombo that ran an English medium stream, which this girl joined. The second in the family – a son – studied in a private school that had all teaching in English.

The story moves to the two young ones. They were superb students and both entered the Colombo University offering Math and Statistics. Both passed their honours first degrees with classes. While in university, the girl applied for a job advertised by a prestigious garment business. Though the ad called for a graduate, she was employed though still to sit her finals. With her BSc honours degree with an upper class, she wished to proceed to the US to continue her higher studies. Her results, complemented by her English ability, got her a position in a North Carolina University where she was paid for teaching freshers, and granted access to their Master’s degree course. Her husband of a couple of months followed her soon enough to the same university. That was just before Prez Trump vented his revenge on universities starting with Harvard, which it was said refused Baron Trump’s entrance as an undergraduate student.

A fact to prove my point that working class families’ children are going places, delightfully and with honour, is that the young man’s father was the chef in an important establishment. The Secretary General of the establishment had paid for his only son’s American education in the same university that the chef’s son is now in.

Many three wheeler drivers’ children are also graduates and even doctors produced by our local universities. I know two sons of peasant farmers of Polonnaruwa who have graduated in IT and related subjects from the Universities of Jaffna and Ruhuna. These two I WhatsApp chat with so they improve their English speaking. This talking between Talk Mates is an innovative method introduced by Capt. Elmo Jayawardena through his most helpful Candle Aid charity organisation. These two are only children in their families. Thus, the very comforting supposition that the population of the island is not now increasing greatly. We may soon have negative growth. As a friend says, large families are a curse. I agree that it is an impediment to poverty alleviation and upward mobility of young ones.

Thus, in addition to free education and implementation of the area rule, children of blue collar workers, informal sector daily wage earners, and even domestic aides are taking the chances offered to them to climb the education and employment ladders. The education system receiving particular attention from the NPP government with Dr Harini Amarasuriya heading it, is also a blessing. However, the disaster of the Sinhala Only policy still dogs us.

Good for the new generation of keen students! Good for their striving parents and good for the country too!



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US’ drastic aid cut to UN poses moral challenge to world

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An UN humanitarian mission in the Gaza. [File: Ashraf Amra/Anadolu Agency]

‘Adapt, shrink or die’ – thus runs the warning issued by the Trump administration to UN humanitarian agencies with brute insensitivity in the wake of its recent decision to drastically reduce to $2bn its humanitarian aid to the UN system. This is a substantial climb down from the $17bn the US usually provided to the UN for its humanitarian operations.

Considering that the US has hitherto been the UN’s biggest aid provider, it need hardly be said that the US decision would pose a daunting challenge to the UN’s humanitarian operations around the world. This would indeed mean that, among other things, people living in poverty and stifling material hardships, in particularly the Southern hemisphere, could dramatically increase. Coming on top of the US decision to bring to an end USAID operations, the poor of the world could be said to have been left to their devices as a consequence of these morally insensitive policy rethinks of the Trump administration.

Earlier, the UN had warned that it would be compelled to reduce its aid programs in the face of ‘the deepest funding cuts ever.’ In fact the UN is on record as requesting the world for $23bn for its 2026 aid operations.

If this UN appeal happens to go unheeded, the possibilities are that the UN would not be in a position to uphold the status it has hitherto held as the world’s foremost humanitarian aid provider. It would not be incorrect to state that a substantial part of the rationale for the UN’s existence could come in for questioning if its humanitarian identity is thus eroded.

Inherent in these developments is a challenge for those sections of the international community that wish to stand up and be counted as humanists and the ‘Conscience of the World.’ A responsibility is cast on them to not only keep the UN system going but to also ensure its increased efficiency as a humanitarian aid provider to particularly the poorest of the poor.

It is unfortunate that the US is increasingly opting for a position of international isolation. Such a policy position was adopted by it in the decades leading to World War Two and the consequences for the world as a result for this policy posture were most disquieting. For instance, it opened the door to the flourishing of dictatorial regimes in the West, such as that led by Adolph Hitler in Germany, which nearly paved the way for the subjugation of a good part of Europe by the Nazis.

If the US had not intervened militarily in the war on the side of the Allies, the West would have faced the distressing prospect of coming under the sway of the Nazis and as a result earned indefinite political and military repression. By entering World War Two the US helped to ward off these bleak outcomes and indeed helped the major democracies of Western Europe to hold their own and thrive against fascism and dictatorial rule.

Republican administrations in the US in particular have not proved the greatest defenders of democratic rule the world over, but by helping to keep the international power balance in favour of democracy and fundamental human rights they could keep under a tight leash fascism and linked anti-democratic forces even in contemporary times. Russia’s invasion and continued occupation of parts of Ukraine reminds us starkly that the democracy versus fascism battle is far from over.

Right now, the US needs to remain on the side of the rest of the West very firmly, lest fascism enjoys another unfettered lease of life through the absence of countervailing and substantial military and political power.

However, by reducing its financial support for the UN and backing away from sustaining its humanitarian programs the world over the US could be laying the ground work for an aggravation of poverty in the South in particular and its accompaniments, such as, political repression, runaway social discontent and anarchy.

What should not go unnoticed by the US is the fact that peace and social stability in the South and the flourishing of the same conditions in the global North are symbiotically linked, although not so apparent at first blush. For instance, if illegal migration from the South to the US is a major problem for the US today, it is because poor countries are not receiving development assistance from the UN system to the required degree. Such deprivation on the part of the South leads to aggravating social discontent in the latter and consequences such as illegal migratory movements from South to North.

Accordingly, it will be in the North’s best interests to ensure that the South is not deprived of sustained development assistance since the latter is an essential condition for social contentment and stable governance, which factors in turn would guard against the emergence of phenomena such as illegal migration.

Meanwhile, democratic sections of the rest of the world in particular need to consider it a matter of conscience to ensure the sustenance and flourishing of the UN system. To be sure, the UN system is considerably flawed but at present it could be called the most equitable and fair among international development organizations and the most far-flung one. Without it world poverty would have proved unmanageable along with the ills that come along with it.

Dehumanizing poverty is an indictment on humanity. It stands to reason that the world community should rally round the UN and ensure its survival lest the abomination which is poverty flourishes. In this undertaking the world needs to stand united. Ambiguities on this score could be self-defeating for the world community.

For example, all groupings of countries that could demonstrate economic muscle need to figure prominently in this initiative. One such grouping is BRICS. Inasmuch as the US and the West should shrug aside Realpolitik considerations in this enterprise, the same goes for organizations such as BRICS.

The arrival at the above international consensus would be greatly facilitated by stepped up dialogue among states on the continued importance of the UN system. Fresh efforts to speed-up UN reform would prove major catalysts in bringing about these positive changes as well. Also requiring to be shunned is the blind pursuit of narrow national interests.

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Egg white scene …

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Hi! Great to be back after my Christmas break.

Thought of starting this week with egg white.

Yes, eggs are brimming with nutrients beneficial for your overall health and wellness, but did you know that eggs, especially the whites, are excellent for your complexion?

OK, if you have no idea about how to use egg whites for your face, read on.

Egg White, Lemon, Honey:

Separate the yolk from the egg white and add about a teaspoon of freshly squeezed lemon juice and about one and a half teaspoons of organic honey. Whisk all the ingredients together until they are mixed well.

Apply this mixture to your face and allow it to rest for about 15 minutes before cleansing your face with a gentle face wash.

Don’t forget to apply your favourite moisturiser, after using this face mask, to help seal in all the goodness.

Egg White, Avocado:

In a clean mixing bowl, start by mashing the avocado, until it turns into a soft, lump-free paste, and then add the whites of one egg, a teaspoon of yoghurt and mix everything together until it looks like a creamy paste.

Apply this mixture all over your face and neck area, and leave it on for about 20 to 30 minutes before washing it off with cold water and a gentle face wash.

Egg White, Cucumber, Yoghurt:

In a bowl, add one egg white, one teaspoon each of yoghurt, fresh cucumber juice and organic honey. Mix all the ingredients together until it forms a thick paste.

Apply this paste all over your face and neck area and leave it on for at least 20 minutes and then gently rinse off this face mask with lukewarm water and immediately follow it up with a gentle and nourishing moisturiser.

Egg White, Aloe Vera, Castor Oil:

To the egg white, add about a teaspoon each of aloe vera gel and castor oil and then mix all the ingredients together and apply it all over your face and neck area in a thin, even layer.

Leave it on for about 20 minutes and wash it off with a gentle face wash and some cold water. Follow it up with your favourite moisturiser.

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Confusion cropping up with Ne-Yo in the spotlight

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Ne-Yo: His management should clarify the last-minute cancellation

Superlatives galore were used, especially on social media, to highlight R&B singer Ne-Yo’s trip to Sri Lanka: Global superstar Ne-Yo to perform live in Colombo this December; Ne-Yo concert puts Sri Lanka back on the global entertainment map; A global music sensation is coming to Sri Lanka … and there were lots more!

At an official press conference, held at a five-star venue, in Colombo, it was indicated that the gathering marked a defining moment for Sri Lanka’s entertainment industry as international R&B powerhouse and three-time Grammy Award winner Ne-Yo prepares to take the stage in Colombo this December.

What’s more, the occasion was graced by the presence of Sunil Kumara Gamage, Minister of Sports & Youth Affairs of Sri Lanka, and Professor Ruwan Ranasinghe, Deputy Minister of Tourism, alongside distinguished dignitaries, sponsors, and members of the media.

Shah Rukh Khan: Disappointed his fans in Sri Lanka

According to reports, the concert had received the official endorsement of the Sri Lanka Tourism Promotion Bureau, recognising it as a flagship initiative in developing the country’s concert economy by attracting fans, and media, from all over South Asia.

Nick Carter: His concert, too, was cancelled due to “Unforeseen circumstances

However, I had that strange feeling that this concert would not become a reality, keeping in mind what happened to Nick Carter’s Colombo concert – cancelled at the very last moment.

Carter issued a video message announcing he had to return to the USA due to “unforeseen circumstances” and a “family emergency”.

Though “unforeseen circumstances” was the official reason provided by Carter and the local organisers, there was speculation that low ticket sales may also have been a factor in the cancellation.

Well, “Unforeseen Circumstances” has cropped up again!

In a brief statement, via social media, the organisers of the Ne-Yo concert said the decision was taken due to “unforeseen circumstances and factors beyond their control.”

Ne-Yo, too, subsequently made an announcement, citing “Unforeseen circumstances.”

The public has a right to know what these “unforeseen circumstances” are, and who is to be blamed – the organisers or Ne-Yo!

Ne-Yo’s management certainly need to come out with the truth.

However, those who are aware of some of the happenings in the setup here put it down to poor ticket sales, mentioning that the tickets for the concert, and a meet-and-greet event, were exorbitantly high, considering that Ne-Yo is not a current mega star.

We also had a cancellation coming our way from Shah Rukh Khan, who was scheduled to visit Sri Lanka for the City of Dreams resort launch, and then this was received: “Unfortunately due to unforeseen personal reasons beyond his control, Mr. Khan is no longer able to attend.”

Referring to this kind of mess up, a leading showbiz personality said that it will only make people reluctant to buy their tickets, online.

“Tickets will go mostly at the gate and it will be very bad for the industry,” he added.

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