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Blue whale population in Lankan waters shows rapid decline

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Whale-watching tours, when done irresponsibly, can cause stress to these gentle giants. (Mongabay Pic)

The blue whale population that has lived for many years in the coastal waters of Sri Lanka, has shown a rapid decline in their sightings in recent years, said a report published by the Mongabay yesterday.

“With multiple pressures on these massive creatures — from ship traffic on one of the world’s busiest shipping lanes, to disturbance from whale tourism, pollution and surface sea temperature rise and climate change — there are several possible factors for the disappearance of the whales,” it said.

For decades, the North Indian Ocean has been known to have its own distinct population of blue whales (Balaenoptera musculus). They have their own vocalisation or dialect, distinct from other blue whale populations. They also spend all year in warm waters, unlike most other blue whales, who migrate to feed in cold waters and breed in warmer seas, says Asha de Vos, a marine biologist and founder of Oceanswell, a marine conservation research and education center in Sri Lanka.

De Vos told Mongabay that the North Indian Ocean blue whales are “grazers not gorgers,” feeding throughout the year. The coasts of Sri Lanka, and particularly the southwest coast between Galle and Dondra, has long been a hotspot for this resident population.

Ranil Nanayakkara is a conservation biologist specialising in terrestrial and marine mammals and founder of Biodiversity Education and Research (BEAR). Both de Vos and Nanayakkara have studied these whales the year around — feeding, mothers nursing calves, and courtship behaviour — the whole life cycle playing out within 20 kilometers (12 miles) of the Sri Lankan coast.

Deep waters close to the coast and upwelling currents from sea canyons have created conditions supporting phytoplankton, and in turn, zooplankton and shrimp, the ocean’s tiniest creatures that sustain its biggest. “In terms of weight it could eat a fully grown African elephant every day,” author and biologist Mark Carwardine wrote of Sri Lanka’s blue whales in his On the Trail of the Whale.

However, it’s not easy to estimate blue whale numbers around Sri Lanka with certainty. A 2023 study by Upul Liyanage from the Sri Lankan National Aquatic Resources and Research Development Agency (NARA) and others noted 729 blue whale sightings, with many of the same whales likely observed multiple times. Nanayakkara’s research has identified 81 different blue whales from their distinctive tail fluke patterns. Meanwhile, Oceanswell is carrying out a database analysis.

The population and consistency of blue whales has given birth to a thriving whale-watching industry in the eastern city of Trincomalee, Kalpitiya in the northwest, and, most prominently, in Mirissa, in the south. One published study estimated nearly 80,000 visitors to Sri Lanka take whale-watching trips each year. Blue whales used to be abundant enough that some operators guaranteed a sighting or offered a free additional trip if there wasn’t one.

Oceanswell and BEAR have both conducted surveys on sightings at sea and spoken with whale-watching operators and fishermen, who agree that whale numbers are in decline.

“The reduction in numbers has been going on for a while,” de Vos told Mongabay. “We have seen dwindling numbers of blue whales in the last few years, not just 2024.”

Nanayakkara added that since 2018, “we observe a decline in blue whale sightings. In 2024, we saw one in the northwest, zero in the eastern coast and three off Mirissa, a total of four sightings this season. Even hydrophones haven’t been picking up the sounds from blue whales.” Compared to the reported 729 blue whale observations from 2015, this marks a dramatic decline.

Liyanage said NARA, the government’s marine research agency, is paying close attention to the trend. In 2024, it carried out a transect study that indicated a decline of more than 90%. More research is planned, he told Mongabay, adding that this year, “the scientific research vessel Fridtjof Nansen” — operated by the Norwegian government — “will undertake a comprehensive coastal study of marine mammal abundance and water quality parameters including plankton, chlorophyll and sea temperatures and there will also be short term surveys focusing on the hotspot between Dondra Head to Galle.”



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Sun directly overhead Beruwala, Gurulubadda, Rakwana, Godakawela, Udawalawe and Thanamalwila at about 12:13 noon today (06)

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On the apparent northward relative motion of the sun, it is going to be directly over the latitudes of Sri Lanka during 05th to 15th of April in this year.

The nearest areas of Sri Lanka over which the sun is overhead today (06th) are Beruwala, Gurulubadda, Rakwana, Godakawela, Udawalawe and Thanamalwila at about 12:13 noon.

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Heat Index at Caution Level in the Western, Sabaragamuwa, Southern, Eastern, North-western, Northern and North-central provinces and in Monaragala district

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Warm Weather Advisory
Issued by the Natural Hazards Early Warning Centre
Issued at 3.30 p.m. on 05 April 2026, valid for 06 April 2026.

The Heat index, the temperature felt on human body is likely to increase up to ‘Caution level’ at some places in the Western, Sabaragamuwa, Southern, Eastern, North-western, Northern and North-central provinces and in Monaragala district.

The Heat Index Forecast is calculated by using relative humidity and maximum temperature and this is the condition that is felt on your body. This is not the forecast of maximum temperature. It is generated by the Department of Meteorology for the next day period and prepared by using global numerical weather prediction model data.


Effect of the heat index on human body is mentioned in the above table and it is prepared on the advice of the Ministry of Health and Indigenous Medical Services.

ACTION REQUIRED
Job sites: Stay hydrated and takes breaks in the shade as often as possible.
Indoors: Check up on the elderly and the sick.
Vehicles: Never leave children unattended.
Outdoors: Limit strenuous outdoor activities, find shade and stay hydrated.
Dress: Wear lightweight and white or light-colored clothing.

Note:
In addition, please refer to advisories issued by the Disaster Preparedness & Response Division, Ministry of Health in this regard as well. For further clarifications please contact 011-7446491.

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West Asian conflict benefits China-managed H’tota Port

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Extended yard facility, HIP (pic courtesy HIP)

The ongoing West Asia war, triggered by joint Israel-US attack on Iran on 28 Februar, has benefited the China-run Hambantota International Port (HIP).With Iran imposing restrictions on the Strait of Hormuz shipping, in retaliation for unprovoked attack, thereby choking vital shipping routes, particularly for crude oil and refined oil products, HIP situated, along the East-West shipping corridor, has received the anticipated attention.

Soon after the sinking of an unarmed Iranian frigate, just outside Sri Lanka’s territorial waters, in India’s backyard, Indian External Affairs Minister Subrahmanyam Jaishankar categorised HIP as a foreign military base, along with Diego Garcia, Bahrain and Djibouti, where both the US and China maintained major bases.

HIP, in a press release issued on Sunday (05), declared that the Port has significantly expanded its operational capacity, in response to a sharp surge in global shipping volumes, resulting from the West Asia conflict.

The company asserted that the developing situation reinforced its position as a key alternative hub along the East–West shipping corridor.

The port has doubled its Roll-on/Roll-off (RoRo) yard capacity and increased its container yard capacity by 30%, as shipping lines divert operations away from disrupted routes in search of stable and efficient alternatives.

HIP is situated just 10 nautical miles from the main East–West shipping route, allowing vessels to divert with minimal deviation while maintaining schedule integrity.

The Chinese government-owned China Merchant Port Holdings (CMPort) under controversial circumstances acquired controlling interests of the Hambantota port in 2017 during the Yahapalanaya administration. Although the Sri Lankan government repeatedly said that Sri Lanka was paid USD 1.12 bn according to the HIP website CMPort invested $974 mn in the HIP and held 85 percent of the shares.

The 2017 agreement granted CMPort a 99-year lease to develop, manage and operate the Port area. The Supreme Court dismissed a fundamental rights petition filed by lawmaker Vasudeva Nanayakkara pointing out that the original agreements pertaining to the Hambantota port had been signed in 2012 and 2013 during Mahinda Rajapaksa’s tenure as the president when he was a member of the Rajapaksa Cabinet.

The HIP press release quoted CEO of HIP Wilson Qu as having said: “What we are witnessing today is a structural shift in global shipping patterns. At HIP, we have focused on building the capacity and operational agility to respond to such changes. Our ability to scale quickly, combined with our location, allows us to support global shipping lines when reliability becomes critical. Looking ahead, we will continue to invest in infrastructure and capabilities to strengthen Hambantota’s role as a key logistics and transshipment hub in the region.”

The rise in both vehicle transshipment and container volumes has driven yard utilization levels to the highest in HIP’s history, highlighting the scale of ongoing supply chain disruptions and the port’s growing strategic importance in global trade.

To accommodate increased throughput, HIP has rapidly expanded yard space across both cargo segments, enabling it to handle higher volumes while maintaining operational efficiency and minimizing congestion. Expanding capacity within a short time frame in a live port environment presents considerable operational and technical challenges and requires significant investment. However, through close coordination across management, engineering and operational teams, HIP was able to deliver these enhancements in step with rising demand.

The HIP statement added: “The expansion reflects Hambantota International Port’s continued development as a resilient logistics platform in the Indian Ocean, as geopolitical developments reshape established maritime routes and increase demand for alternative hubs. As infrastructure scales in tandem with demand, HIP is increasingly positioned to capture a larger share of regional transshipment volumes while supporting the continuity of global supply chains.”

Amidst the continuing uncertainty caused by war and growing threat to international shipping the Hambantota International Port Group (HIPG) the owning group of HIP recently finalised an agreement to invest USD 108 mn to procure new container handling equipment- six quay cranes, 16 rubber-tyred gantry cranes (RTGs) and 40 trailers, under the initial phase of the port’s Phase II container terminal development.

By Shamindra Ferdinando

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