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Presidential hopefuls back science and tech

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(SciDev)– Presidential candidates in Sri Lanka have pledged to prioritise science and technology, promising modernisation and better science education in a country suffering from “brain drain”.Sri Lanka will hold its presidential election on 21 September, its first since the nation’s devastating economic crisis in 2022.

The vote will feature the country’s longest ballot paper in history, with a record 39 candidates vying for the presidency, all promising to tackle Sri Lanka’s economic and social challenges.Voters hold high expectations for the upcoming election, particularly in areas such as reducing the cost of living, cutting taxes, fighting corruption and steering the country toward economic recovery.

Major candidates, including the incumbent President Ranil Wickremesinghe, have centred their manifestos around these key issues. But they have also committed to advancements in science, technology and research as vital components for Sri Lanka’s long-term development.

Sri Lanka spends a mere 0.12 percent of its GDP on research and development (R&D), with the economic crisis further drying up the available funds. The country is also facing a brain drain, with many scientists and professionals leaving due to deteriorating living conditions.

Emeritus professor Ranjith Senaratne, chair of the National Science Foundation of Sri Lanka (NSF), said the number of researchers in Sri Lanka was extremely low. The county has only 105 R&D personnel per million of the population, according to data from the World Bank.

“There can be no progress without research, so it is vital for the next president to prioritise developments in science and technology to secure Sri Lanka’s future,” Senaratne told SciDev.Net.

In an interview with SciDev.Net, Anura Kumara Dissanayake, one of the four major candidates, emphasised his commitment to introducing new technology, particularly in the agricultural sector where 26 percent of Sri Lankans are employed.

Dissanayake highlighted that current agricultural practices, such as those in paddy farming, leave both farmers and consumers in a difficult position. He said farmers are barely surviving, unable to earn a sufficient income, while consumers face high prices.

“This system benefits no one,” he stressed, adding: “We must either abandon these outdated methods or innovate through research.”

Instead of merely exporting raw commodities, Sri Lanka should focus on value addition to increase foreign exchange earnings, suggested Dissanayake, acknowledging that this requires innovation.

“There might already be existing research that hasn’t been utilised at the grassroots level, and my priority is to ensure that these innovations are implemented,” he told SciDev.Net.

Opposition leader, Sajith Premadasa, meanwhile, promised to establish a dedicated research fund of at least five billion Sri Lankan rupees (US$16.6 million) annually to promote science and technology in the country, viewing it as a long-term investment.

He explained that both state and private universities would be able to apply for funds to support research, development and curriculum enhancement.

Premadasa is also focused on digitisation, aiming to capitalise on fast-growing fields like artificial intelligence (AI) by creating numerous cutting-edge information technology parks. As Opposition leader, he secured funding to introduce smart classrooms to hundreds of schools, particularly in remote areas.

“Currently, science and technology education is concentrated in major cities and prestigious schools,” he told SciDev.Net, adding: “It’s essential to extend these opportunities to the younger generation across the country.”

Ruwan Wijewardene, a senior advisor to the incumbent President, says Wickremesinghe plans to establish new technological universities, including a University of Agriculture Technology and an International Climate Change University, a pledge he made last year at the UN Climate Conference COP28.

Wickremesinghe has also pledged to pass a Technology Promotion Act in 2025, establishing a Digital Transformation Agency and a Digital Technology and Innovation Council to spearhead AI and digital advancements.

Namal Rajapaksa, the youngest contender in the race, is the son of former President Mahinda Rajapaksa and nephew of ousted President Gotabaya Rajapaksa. He is focusing his campaign on modernisation and technological progress.

Rajapaksa seeks to build on initiatives introduced during his uncle’s administration. His vision includes streamlining government services by cutting out obsolete procedures and integrating advanced technological solutions. His manifesto also outlines a plan to revamp educational curricula, aligning them with current market demands and societal trends to ensure Sri Lanka stays competitive on the global stage.

However, while the presidential candidates’ proposals to advance science and technology are promising, their implementation may be challenging in the current economic climate.

Rohan Samarajiva, founding chair of LIRNEasia, an ICT policy and regulation think tank, says it is doubtful how realistic these promises are, with the country still rated as being in “selective default”, meaning it has delayed repayment on some of its financial obligations.

While some candidates have pledged to establish new universities, maintaining the quality of the existing higher education system is already difficult due to significant brain drain.

The Department of Chemistry, one of the largest departments at the University of Peradeniya, is struggling with a staffing crisis and has had to rely on retired professors, external lecturers and assistant academic staff. Manawadevi Ganehenege, the head of the Department, told SciDev.Net she was concerned about the sustainability of education if more staff members left.

According to Sri Lanka’s Government Medical Officers’ Association, more than 1,800 doctors left the country in 2022 and 2023. It says at least 25 percent of doctors currently working in the government health system have also passed the exams required for employment abroad.

Manuj Weerasinghe, former President of the Sri Lanka Association for the Advancement of Science, pointed out that investments in science and technology are long-term endeavours, typically taking 10 to 20 years to yield benefits. Politicians often seek quick results during their time in office, which can clash with the timeframes required for these investments to pay off, he said.

Limited public interest in science may also reduce the pressure on politicians to prioritise such investments.

“I don’t think even one percent of voters consider science a top priority when they cast their ballots,” Weerasinghe told SciDev.Net. He argued that educating the public about the importance of science for development is essential.



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Former President Mahinda Rajapaksa has arrived at the Bribery Commission

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Former President Mahinda Rajapaksa has arrived to appear before the Commission to Investigate Allegations of Bribery or Corruption (CIABOC) this morning (12) to provide a statement regarding the alleged SriLankan Airlines Airbus deal.

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Death of infant at Trinco District General Hospital: Suspended docs were at private hospital performing operation: Govt.

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GMOA denies allegation, calls for independent probe by a panel of experts

The Health Ministry is considering whether criminal liability should be apportioned to two doctors, suspended over the death of an infant at the Trincomalee District General Hospital during a GMOA strike last month, official sources said.

Health Minister Dr. Nalinda Jayatissa said further investigations were underway to determine whether the doctors involved had committed any criminal offence in connection with the incident.

GMOA President Dr. Prabath Sugathadasa told The Island that his association had asked the Health MInistry to conduct an impartial investigation. Emphasising the need to include experts in the inquiry team, Dr. Sugathadasa said that the death at the Trincomalee hospital had not happened due to the doctors’ strike.

The GMOA always maintained emergency services during trade union action therefore the Trincomalee death couldn’t be blamed on the Association, he said.

The infant died on 09 April while members of the Government Medical Officers’ Association (GMOA) were on strike.

Following a preliminary investigation, the Ministry of Health suspended the services of the hospital’s obstetrics and gynaecology specialist and a senior medical officer.

Health Ministry sources said the suspension order had been issued last Friday by the Health Ministry Secretary after investigators uncovered what were described as serious lapses and negligence linked to the death of the newborn during childbirth.

According to investigators, a newborn in distress had been reported from the maternity ward at around 8.45 a.m. on 09 April. Although a resident midwife had alerted the relevant medical personnel, proper medical attention had allegedly not been provided.

The inquiry found that the mother’s suffering had been prolonged and complications had been allowed to develop without a timely intervention. Investigators also noted that adequate care had not been provided even after the patient had been admitted to the ward.

Preliminary findings further revealed that the doctor concerned had failed to participate in the delivery procedure, thereby losing a critical opportunity to prevent complications.

The investigation also found that despite the mother having fever and chills, necessary medical intervention had allegedly not been carried out.

Health Ministry sources said the inquiry had uncovered several irregularities in the discharge of duties, some of which had reportedly been highlighted previously in an official communication issued by the Ministry Secretary.

The Ministry confirmed that disciplinary action had been initiated against the doctors following the findings of the preliminary investigation.

Sources identified one of the suspended doctors as a specialist attached to the Trincomalee District General Hospital who also serves as the President of the GMOA branch at the hospital.

According to Health Ministry the two doctors, under investigation, had been attending to a caesarian operation at a private hospital, in Trincomalee, though they falsely claimed they were on strike.

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Moves to strengthen environmental law after 24 years

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The government yesterday (11) unveiled sweeping amendments to National Environmental Act No. 47 of 1980. It had been last amended in 2002. Authorities described the latest amendments as one of the country’s most significant environmental legal reforms aimed at protecting ecosystems and ensuring sustainable development.

The proposed amendments were announced during a media briefing held at the Department of Government Information under the patronage of Dr. Dammika Patabendi and Deputy Environment Minister Anton Jayakody.

Also present were Secretary to the Ministry of Environment K.R. Uduwawala, Environment Ministry Advisor Dr. Ravindra Kariyawasam, and Director General of the Central Environmental Authority Kapila Rajapaksha.

Speaking at the briefing, Minister Patabendi said the amendments were designed to breathe new life into environmental governance while aligning with the government’s policy vision of “A Sustainable Biosphere – A Green Life.”

“The environmental challenges confronting Sri Lanka today are far more complex than they were when this law was introduced in 1980,” Minister Patabendi said. “Therefore, we need a stronger and more modern legal framework capable of protecting ecosystems, ensuring environmental justice and safeguarding natural resources for future generations.”

The amended Bill, prepared with the participation of environmentalists, academics and other experts, has already been tabled in Parliament and is expected to be debated shortly.

One of the key features of the revised legislation is the legal strengthening of environmental responsibilities vested in local government authorities.

Under the new provisions, the Central Environmental Authority will have enhanced powers to take legal action against local authorities that fail to comply with environmental regulations and directives.

The legislation also empowers magistrates to impose substantial fines on institutions that ignore court orders aimed at rectifying environmental violations.

Minister Patabendi stressed that environmental protection could no longer remain secondary to economic development.

“Sustainable development must be based on scientific principles,” he said. “Development that destroys ecosystems is not development. Environmental conservation and economic progress must go hand in hand.”

The amendments further tighten controls over industries operating under Environmental Protection Licences (EPLs).

Authorities said industries that violate EPL conditions or fail to prevent serious industrial hazards could face suspension or cancellation of licences. The law also introduces provisions enabling temporary closure orders against industries operating in violation of environmental standards.

A major addition to the revised Act is the introduction of dedicated legal provisions governing hazardous waste and chemical management.

Under the new framework, the Environment Minister will have powers to enforce stricter regulations under the supervision of technical expert committees.

The Bill also criminalises the submission of false information in Environmental Impact Assessments (EIA/IEE) and unauthorised alterations to approved development projects.

In another significant move, Strategic Environmental Assessments (SEA) will become mandatory in state policymaking, a measure authorities say will place scientific analysis at the centre of national development planning.

Minister Patabendi described the reforms as essential for ensuring long-term environmental security in the face of climate change and ecological degradation.

“We are introducing laws not only for the present generation but for the generations yet to come,” he said. “Protecting wetlands, forests, water resources and biodiversity is now an urgent national responsibility.”

The amended legislation also introduces the globally recognised concept of Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR), which places responsibility on manufacturers for managing the full life cycle of their products, including post-consumer waste.

Environmentalists have long argued that Sri Lanka requires stronger legal mechanisms to address mounting waste management challenges, especially plastic pollution and hazardous waste disposal.

The revised Act additionally introduces a specialised legal framework for wetland conservation, reflecting growing concerns over the rapid degradation of sensitive ecosystems across the island.

Sri Lanka, recognised as one of the world’s biodiversity hotspots, possesses rich ecosystems ranging from tropical rainforests and mangroves to wetlands and dry-zone forests.

Environmental experts say the proposed reforms could significantly strengthen conservation efforts if effectively implemented.

Minister Patabendi said the government hoped the new legal framework would help secure a greener and more sustainable future for the country.

“Our responsibility is to leave behind a living environment that future generations can inherit with pride,” he said.

By Ifham Nizam

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