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Rediscovering Grumman TBF Avenger in deep waters of colombo

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Cross section of the broken port wing

The re-discovery, identification and documentation of Grumman TBF Avenger’s wreck, lying off the coast of Bambalapitiya, by underwater explorers- Dharshana Jayawardena, Keerthi Karunaratne and Manjula Wijeyaratne, is a significant addition to our rich underwater heritage

BY RANDIMA ATTYGALLE

On a tip off by a fisherman in Dehiwala, tech-diver and underwater explorer Dharshana Jayawardena and two of his fellow divers – Keerthi Karunaratne, and Manjula Wijeyaratne arrived at a ‘mystery air crash site’ off the coast of Bambalapitiya early this year. Although they had doubts about the find, to their amazement, the three divers were greeted by a sunken aircraft in a very bad shape with only the wing box area, the starboard wing, what was left of the tail fin structure, the engine and the propeller. The air crash debris was lying 32 meters deep.

The search begins

The site characteristics matched the air crash site dived and described by pioneer divers such as Darrel Fryer and David Classz in the 1990s and Dharshana and his colleagues were confident that theirs was a rediscovery of the same site. “It was not easy to measure what was left of the craft as some its features were not particularly evident. But we gathered that radial engine had 14 cylinders and the approximate length from the leading edge of wing centerline to the presumed location of the tail to be 31 ft and 10 inches. Height of the aircraft however, was not measurable. Therefore, based on our measurements and observations we had to search for the candidate aircraft,” remarked Dharshana Jayawardena.

In their search for a matching aircraft, the trio also used Michael Tomlinson’s The Most Dangerous Moment as a reference to list out all the British and Japanese aircraft that participated and were lost in Ariel combat on April 5, 1942 or what is known as the ‘Easter Sunday attack of Ceylon’.

After eliminating some of the British and Japanese aircraft which were lost near Colombo during the World War II, the divers’ initial theory was that it was probably a Japanese VAL bomber lost during the attack. “The RAF (Royal Air Force) strategy during this battle was to focus more on the Japanese Aichi D3A VAL air-to-ground bombers rather than the Japanese Mitsubishi A6M Zero air-to-air combat fighters to minimize the damage of strategic land and sea assets,” explains Jayawardena.

Possibility of an Avenger

Following the presentation of the explorers’ preliminary findings to the Sri Lanka Sub-Aqua Club and on suggestion by its founder member Dr. Malik Fernando, they reached out to David Classz who had supposedly dived to a sunken aircraft in the 1990s. The team was surprised the second time when Classz came up with a completely new aircraft to consider – American-made Grumman TBF Avenger. What was even more surprising was the absence of any reference to this type of an aircraft used in the account of the Easter Sunday attack in 1942 in Tomlinson’s book.

The Grumman TBF Avenger is an American World War II-era torpedo bomber developed for the US Navy and the Marine Corp. It entered service in 1942 and first saw action during the famous Battle of Midway. An interesting piece of trivia is that, the former American President George H.W. Bush, was an Avenger pilot and was shot down over the Pacific, an ordeal he survived unscathed before being rescued.

It was learnt that Classz together with Darrel Fryer and American diver Ulrich Earnst had dived the wreck of Grumman TBF Avenger in the 1990s when the aircraft was intact. “They had even got into the cockpit and Earnst had made an underwater video of the crash which was unfortunately lost with the passing of the diver. The dive team found out that some avengers (MKIII variants), had been used by RAF during the World War II and were sent to South India and Australia after the end of the war.

The dive team obtaining the measurements

Some were dumped in the sea when their lifespan was over although the locations of most of such ‘burial sites’ of avengers remain unknown. The naval air squadron 733 of the Royal Fleet arm which was based in Royal Navy Air Section of China Bay in Trincomalee also is reported to have operated Grumman Tarpon and Avenger MKIII aircraft.

The measurements of the aircraft at the crash site in Bambalapitiya matched those of the Grumman TBF Avenger with the Twin Cyclone engine. Specifically, a quite a unique engine characteristic, the width of the piston bore, was almost an exact match to that of the Avenger. Subsequently marine archaeologists from the US Naval History and Heritage Command, after an extensive analysis of the footage and photos provided by the dive team, confirmed that ‘these are likely the remains of a Grumman Avenger’.

It was communicated by the U.S. archaeologists that ‘in reviewing the video footage, the two pieces of evidence our subject matters experts were drawn to were the morphology of the port wing and the characteristics of the engine, both of which match nearly identically with that of an Avenger.’ However, they also note that there is still no sufficient information to suggest that the aircraft, though US-manufactured, was in the service of the U.S. Navy or another naval service at the time of the crash.

Underwater heritage

The wreck of the aircraft is in a very bad state of deterioration, says Jayawardena. It is suspected that the several parts of the aircraft have been illegally salvaged over the years. It is now a small artificial coral reef with several species of marine fish present. The dive team specifically observed a number of small groupers hiding within the wreck.

“The re-discovery, identification and documentation of this wreck is a significant addition to our rich underwater heritage. To date over 110 shipwrecks have been located around the shores of Sri Lanka and out of that, about ten are sunken aircraft,” says Jayawardena. A similar noteworthy underwater aircraft discovery made by Jayawardena was the discovery of a World War II RAF Squadron 321 (Dutch) Catalina Patrol Bomber off the shores of Passikudah in 2014. In addition, there are several other underwater remains of aircraft located in Katuneriya, Kalpitiya and the Trincomalee Harbour. “Unfortunately, most of these aircraft are in a very bad state of deterioration, otherwise they would have been a boon to Sri Lanka’s marine tourism,” concludes the underwater explorer.

(Photo credit: Manjula Wijeyaratne)



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Grace, grooming and confidence

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The leadership team behind the academy at the head table

Ramani Fenando’s new Image and Etiquette Academy

In a world where first impressions speak before words, Sri Lanka’s beauty icon Ramani Fernando has taken a bold step beyond the salon chair to shape confidence from within. Her newly launched Etiquette and Image Academy is designed to refine not only appearance, but presence, poise and personal power.

Step into a space where confidence meets sophistication, Ramani Fernando Academy is redefining how Sri Lankans approach personal branding ,offering a unique blend of ettiquette, style and communication mastery.

Her newly launched personal branding and EtiquetteAcademy was unveiled in a simple ceremony at the Galle Face hotel. This marks a bold and timely step into the realm of confidence leadership, presence and modern social grace.

Colombo’s social elite, corporate leaders, fashion insiders and longtime clients gathered in celebration of a vision that seeks to shape not just appearance but cofidence building.

Ramani, in her opening speech, said “our courses are carefully designed to meet with international standards, ensuring participants recieve training that meets both local and global expectations.

Ramani Fernando – shaping confidence

Professional face of etiquette training

Faith Launders who is the Director of Etiquette and Protocol in the Academy pointed out this personal branding and etiquette programmes will help participants cultivate grace, confidence and refined personal style through expert guidance. A former Miss Sri Lanka beauty queen, with experience in aviation, will contribute a creative and professional lens to the Academy’s curriculam.

Invitees from the world of fashion gathered to celebrate the occasion

Carolyn Jurie

Chalana at the helm of beauty

She brings professionalism, poise and a strong commitment to cultivate confidence and promote refined social skills among students. Known for her approachable style and inspiring presence, she strives to create an inclusive learning space where students can transform into confident individuals to navigate life with dignity and elegance.

For decades, Ramani has been a transformative force in Sri Lanka’s beauty industry.

and now this venture signals a natural evolution from external refinement to the art of personal distinction.

The programme blends traditional etiquette with contemporary relevance, offering personal branding and professional image building both in social and corporate etiquette. These are some of the programmes:

= Communication skills and body language, grooming, style and wardrobe alignment.

= Digital image and social media conduct.

= Platforms or in social events the ability to command attention with confidence has to become an important tool.

In today’s hyper connected world, impressions are formed in seconds often long before a handshake, whether in boardrooms, diplomatic circles or in the media.

The teaching staff consists of industry experts trainers amd adminitrators led by othe senior professionals

The Managing Director, Lakmini Lenagala, Training and Administrative Manager, Ramono, Navaratnarajah, Personal Assistant, Merisha Aserappa and Chalana Munasinghe are all industry professionals who have experience, theoretical knowledge and practical skills.

They are experienced instructors with hands on expertise in grooming, etiquette, image building and communication.

While the vision of the Personal Branding and Etiquette Academy belongs to Ramani Fernando, its strength lies in the collective expertise of the professionals who bring the programmes to life.

By bringing together specialists from diverse fields, the Academy offers participants a rare opportunity to refine every dimension of their public and private persona under one roof.

Sessions cover skin care, hair, make up, wardrobe planning and colour coordination.

Communication and public speaking recognising that presence is also conveyed though voice and expression, the Academy offers training in articulation tones, posture and body language.

The training also includes table manners, event conduct, professional courtesy and cross cultural awareness. This Etiquette Academy us designed for both women and men offering guidance on grooming, communication, professional conduct and social confidence.

The Academy acts as a transformative space – one that equips individuals not merely to succeed but to stand out with authencity and grace. The institution reflects Ramani Fernando’s belief that true elegance is a way of being not simply a way of dressing!.

By Zanita Careem

Pix by Thushara Athapatu

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From rescue to rewilding, Kalo’s journey continues

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World Wildlife Day 2026:

He arrived at the Elephant Transit Home in Udawalawe on March 23, 2024, barely eight months old. Kalo had spent an unknown number of days trapped at the bottom of an abandoned well near Galenbidunuwewa in Sri Lanka’s Anuradhapura District, separated from the herd he had lost. When wildlife officers from the Department of Wildlife Conservation pulled him out, they found a frightened calf, but also something else: resilience.

Today, nearly two years after his rescue, Kalo is no longer the fragile elephant calf who arrived at the Transit Home alone. He is growing steadily, eating well, and has fully integrated into a group of calves preparing for eventual release. His progress is measured not only in size, but in behaviour like social bonding, herd interaction, and independent foraging skills that will determine his readiness for life beyond human protection. Since his arrival, Kalo has grown from 125 kilograms to over 300 kilograms. The wounds he sustained before rescue have fully healed, and he is no longer on any specific medical treatment instead routine management only. He is, by every measure, active, playful, and thriving.

The Elephant Transit Home, also known as Ath Athuru Sevana, has operated within Udawalawe National Park since 1995. It is not an orphanage in the traditional sense. There are no rides, no performances, no human dependency. Human contact is limited strictly to feeding and veterinary care. The rest of the time, the calves are left to bond with one another.

That philosophy is intentional. Elephants are deeply social animals, and calves that grow too attached to humans struggle to survive in the wild. The daily play, the hierarchy, and the formation of peer bonds are all part of a structured rehabilitation process designed to prepare them for rewilding.

Since its establishment, more than 200 orphaned elephants have passed through the Elephant Transit Home. Over 100 have been successfully released back into the wild. In July 2025 alone, six young elephants were returned to Udawalawe National Park during the facility’s 26th release. If all continues as planned, Kalo will follow that path in 2029.

On May 8, 2024, less than two months after Kalo’s rescue, Sun Siyam Pasikudah formalised its long-term commitment to his care through the CarePhant initiative under Sun Siyam Care. The resort pledged ongoing monthly contributions to support Kalo’s nutrition, veterinary care, and daily rehabilitation needs through to his planned release.

Sun Siyam Care is the group’s overarching sustainability programme that integrates environmental stewardship, biodiversity conservation, community engagement, and long-term socio-economic value creation across all Sun Siyam Resorts in the Maldives and Sri Lanka. Through Sun Siyam Care, we invest in initiatives that protect marine and terrestrial ecosystems, reduce waste and single-use plastics, improve resource efficiency, support renewable energy and local sourcing, and promote awareness and participation among guests and communities alike. Kalo’s journey from rescue to rewilding is one example of how Sun Siyam Care extends beyond hospitality, connecting responsible tourism with meaningful environmental and wildlife conservation impact.

“We are delighted to embark on the CarePhant project and become stewards of Kalo’s well-being. Sri Lanka’s elephants are not just a conservation issue; they are part of the living identity of this island, and we feel a genuine responsibility to play our part in protecting them,” said Arshed Refai, General Manager, Sun Siyam Pasikudah.

For Chaminda Upul Kumara, Sustainability Project Manager at Sun Siyam Resorts, the commitment reflects the deeper purpose of Sun Siyam Care. “Conservation is not a single moment. It is a process that requires patience and consistency. With Kalo, we committed to being part of that journey from rescue to release. Every month of support is an investment in his return to the wild,” said Upul.

In the month that marks World Wildlife Day, observed on 03rd March, Kalo’s story serves as a reminder that conservation is not abstract. It is individual. It is long term. And it depends on partnerships between public institutions and responsible private sector actors. In a landscape where habitat loss and human–elephant conflict continue to threaten Sri Lanka’s wild elephant population, sustained commitments like CarePhant demonstrate how responsible tourism can contribute to tangible, measurable conservation outcomes.

Sun Siyam Pasikudah, which holds Travelife Gold Certification and operates under the broader Sun Siyam Care sustainability framework, integrates conservation, local sourcing, and community engagement into its daily operations. The CarePhant project builds on that foundation by linking responsible hospitality directly to wildlife protection.

Three years from now, in 2029, Kalo is expected to walk beyond the protective boundaries of the Elephant Transit Home and into Udawalawe National Park as a young wild elephant. Every veterinary check, every month of nutritional support, and every bond formed within his herd brings him closer to that moment.

“When Kalo walks back into the forest in 2029, it will mark the completion of a journey that began in crisis but was sustained through commitment,” added Arshed Refai. “We are proud that Sun Siyam Care is part of that long-term promise.”

Until then, Kalo continues doing what young elephants at Ath Athuru Sevana are meant to do: growing, learning, and preparing quietly for a life in the wild.

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Pakistan’s 86th National Day celebrated in Sri Lanka

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The High Commission of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan and the Pakistani community based in Sri Lanka celebrated the 86th National Day of Pakistan with traditional flavour and resolve to make Pakistan a strong, vibrant and progressive democratic welfare state.

The day commemorates a defining moment that led the foundation for the creation of Pakistan.

The ceremony commenced with the raising of their national flag, fluttering proudly against the morning sky, symbolising faith, unity and discipline, the ideals upon which the nation was built. Dignitaries, members of the diplomatic corps, community leaders and guests gathered in silence as the national anthem resonated creating an atmosphere charged with emotion and national pride .

Cultural elegance added a distinctive charm to the occasion, with traditional attire and warm exchanges reflecting the rich heritage of Pakistan. Guests were later invited to partake in light refreshments, providing an opportunity for cordial interacton and celebration.

Acting High Commissioner of Pakistan, Zunaira Latif unfurled the Pakistani flag to the tune of Pakistan’s national anthem in a ceremony held at the Pakistan High Commission

The National Day of Pakistan is celebrated on 23rd March every year in remembrance of the historic 1940 resolution passed in Lahore, calling for a separate homeland for Muslims of the subcontinent that ultimately led to the creation of Pakistan on August 14, 1947.

Special messages by the President and the Prime Minister of Pakistan were readout, in which both the leaders highlighted the importance of the day and paid tributes to Quaid-e-Azam Muhammad Ali Jinnah.

The Acting High Commissioner of Pakistan in her message on the occasion said that Pakistan and Sri Lanka continue to maintain their traditionally close and mutually beneficial relations, based on mutual respect and trust. She said that the strength of the Pakistan – Sri Lanka relationship lies in diversified engagement in many fields such as trade, defence, science, culture, and education. She also extended sincere greetings and best wishes on behalf of the government and people of Pakistan to the government and people of Sri Lanka.

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