Business
Cracking the Code: Why women’s innovations are lagging behind in Sri Lanka
By Dilani Hirimuthugodage
“I do not intend to get a patent right for my invention as I do not want to disclose my research findings and methodologies to the public domain”, stated a female researcher who has discovered a solution for dengue fever.
Like her, many female innovators are unwilling to obtain Intellectual Property (IP) protection and commercialise their innovations for various reasons. One of the significant issues is the insufficient understanding of Intellectual Property Rights (IPRs) and their application. Given that this year’s World IP Day, observed on April 26, focuses on “Women and IP: Accelerating Innovation and Creativity”, it is timely to explore the state of women’s innovations in Sri Lanka and consider possible strategies to promote better IP protection for women’s creativity and innovations.
Women in Innovations
The number of patent applications issued to women is a crucial and commonly used indicator to determine their involvement in innovation. However, Sri Lanka does not have gender-specific patent application data. Based on approximate calculations, the number of individual female patent applications fluctuated between 2010 and 2022, averaging nearly 25 patent applications per year in the last five years (Infographic 1). This represents only 8% of the total patent applications during that period.
Globally, women’s patent applications are less than men’s; in 2020, nearly 16.5% of international patent applications were filed by women. Sri Lankan women appear to do poorly, especially compared to their Asian counterparts, where women’s applications represent 17.7% of total applications, with China and India leading the way.
Infographic 1:
Gender Disparity in Sri Lanka’s Patent Applications (2010-2022)
Why are Women’s Innovations Low in Sri Lanka?
Women’s involvement in research and development (R&D) activities, one of the key components of innovations, is at a satisfactory level in Sri Lanka. According to the National R&D survey conducted by the National Science Foundation (NSF) in 2020, nearly 50% of researchers in the country are females. This figure is the highest percentage when compared with other South Asian countries. However, in total, the output indicators of R&D, such as the number of patents, journal publications, commercialisation, etc., are low in Sri Lanka. Further, the low number of female patents reveals that most women are involved in less patent-intensive fields, such as natural sciences, social sciences and humanities. Moreover, female researchers are uninterested in commercialising their inventions or using them for commercial purposes. There could be several reasons for this, such as a lack of awareness of IPRs and their importance, lack of incentives and institutional support for research commercialisation, and lack of targeted programmes to promote women’s innovations.
Science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) are the core fields of innovation. Female STEM education in Sri Lanka is relatively good. According to the University Grant Commission (UGC) statistics, in 2017, women comprised 49% of undergraduate enrolments in STEM subjects in local universities. Yet very few women work or lead in STEM-related fields. This could be attributed to negative stereotypes surrounding girls’ competencies in subjects like mathematics, engineering, and information technology, as well as social, cultural, and gender norms.
Moreover, women’s participation in Sri Lanka’s creative industry sector is nearly 36%, with significant contributions in the product, graphic and fashion design and craft sectors. Nonetheless, the Creative and Cultural Industries in Sri Lanka report reveals that women’s awareness of IPRs, even within the creative industry sector, is very minimal.
What Needs to be Done?
IPRs play a major role in encouraging innovation and creativity as they help to turn an idea/solution into a commercial opportunity. In Sri Lanka, there is clearly a need to encourage more female participation in patent-intensive R&D fields (such as medical sciences, engineering and technologies) and commercialisation. ‘Technology Transfer and Commercialization Units’ in universities and research institutes should collaborate effectively with key stakeholder organisations such as the National Intellectual Property Office (NIPO), World Intellectual Property Office (WIPO), and the National Innovation Agency (NIA) to create awareness amongst women innovators and to support them in managing IP related commercial activities. Furthermore, Sri Lanka can promote gender-inclusive innovation policies by introducing special programmes encouraging women’s participation in R&D activities and commercialisation, including national awards and incentive schemes in universities and research institutes.
Women’s participation in STEM fields and careers should be promoted by providing scholarships and introducing mentoring and development-oriented programmes. Furthermore, the importance of IPRs should be taught in secondary school and university curricula. This fact was highlighted by a young female inventor with more than 60 patent rights in Sri Lanka. She noted that “an inquisitive mind and a thirst for knowledge from school age have encouraged me to innovate. Creativity should be encouraged at the school level”.
It is of utmost importance to raise awareness and strengthen knowledge on access to IPRs amongst women innovators in Sri Lanka. This could be done by establishing women-focused support networking systems, collaborations, learnings through selected role models, mentorship and funding programmes. Countries such as India (Women Scientists Scheme (WOS) by the Department of Science and Technology (DST)), Singapore (Women in Science (SgWIS) organisation), China, and South Korea have programmes and organisations tailored explicitly for women innovators.
Lastly, it is crucial to maintain an accurate and current database of women’s patent applications at individual and group levels at the national database system of NIPO. Simple modifications to patent applications could facilitate this process. In addition, having such a database would be valuable in developing policies specific to women’s innovations.
Link to the full Talking Economics blog: https://www.ips.lk/talkingeconomics/2023/04/26/cracking-the-code-why-womens-innovations-are-lagging-behind-in-sri-lanka/
Dilani Hirimuthugodage is a Research Economist at IPS with research interests in Agriculture and Agribusiness Development, Environment, Natural Resources and Climate Change, and Intellectual Property. She holds a BA in Economics with a Second Class (Upper) and Masters in Economics (Distinction Pass) from the University of Colombo. In addition, she is a part-qualified candidate of CIMA-UK. (Talk with Dilani: dilani@ips.lk).
Business
Fuel market faces fresh pressure as Asian prices rise
By Ifham Nizam
Sri Lanka’s fuel market is coming under renewed pressure as the escalating West Asian conflict and disruption to key oil-shipping routes push up international crude and refined-fuel prices, with a top Ceylon Petroleum Corporation (CPC) official saying the Corporation is closely monitoring developments and the potential impact on domestic fuel costs.
A top CPC official said the sharp rise in international oil prices was being driven by the conflict and disruptions to energy infrastructure and shipping routes in the region.
The official said Sri Lanka’s exposure to the international price shock would also depend on the timing of fuel purchases, as petroleum cargoes are ordered well before they arrive in the country and the final landed cost is determined when the cargo is delivered.
The CPC is also seeking to cushion consumers from the full impact of international price increases while maintaining uninterrupted supplies, the official said.
The latest developments come as Brent crude remains above USD 100 a barrel despite a recent retreat in prices following efforts by Saudi Arabia to maintain exports through alternative routes.
Brent crude futures fell to USD 104.74 a barrel yesterday, while West Texas Intermediate was trading at USD 101.60, according to Reuters. Saudi Arabia has been offering additional crude cargoes to Asian refiners through Oman to offset disruptions caused by attacks on its East-West pipeline.
The immediate concern for Sri Lanka is the potential impact on the country’s petroleum import bill, foreign-exchange requirements and inflation.
Higher international crude and refined-product prices mean that more dollars are required to finance fuel imports, while higher domestic energy costs can feed into transportation, manufacturing, agriculture, fisheries and logistics.
The pressure is already being felt elsewhere in Asia.
Pakistan has raised petrol prices by Pakistani Rs. 4.42 a litre and high-speed diesel by Rs. 6.10, taking the prices to Rs. 380.24 and Rs. 409.42 respectively. The latest increase is reported to be the sixth consecutive fuel price increase in the country.
The Philippines has also raised fuel prices, with petrol increasing by 5.68 Philippine pesos a litre, diesel by 4.31 pesos and kerosene by 4.62 pesos for the latest pricing period.
The developments provide an indication of how quickly international energy-market disruptions can feed into domestic fuel markets across fuel-importing Asian economies.
For Sri Lanka, the issue is particularly significant because petroleum remains a major component of the country’s import bill. The CPC’s current prices stand at Rs. 399 a litre for 92-octane petrol and Rs. 382 for auto diesel, according to the Corporation’s latest published prices.
The government is meanwhile facing pressure to balance consumer protection with the financial sustainability of fuel suppliers.
The Energy Minister has said several options are being considered, including fuel subsidies, price limits for private distributors and adjustments to retail prices. Private operators have reported substantial losses on diesel under prevailing prices, while the CPC has said it is currently absorbing losses on diesel through earnings from other petroleum operations.
A prolonged international oil-price shock could therefore have consequences extending well beyond the pump.
Higher fuel costs would raise operating expenses for transport-dependent businesses and could increase the cost of moving goods throughout the economy. For manufacturers and exporters, higher energy and logistics costs could also affect margins and competitiveness.
At the macroeconomic level, a sustained increase in petroleum prices could increase Sri Lanka’s foreign-exchange requirements and place additional pressure on the trade balance and inflation.
The international oil market, however, remains highly fluid. Saudi Arabia’s efforts to redirect crude exports through Oman have eased some immediate supply concerns, while expectations that its damaged East-West pipeline could return to operation within days have also helped push crude prices lower.
But shipping through the Strait of Hormuz remains severely disrupted and the wider conflict continues to pose risks to crude and refined-product supplies.
For Sri Lanka, the coming weeks will therefore be closely watched by fuel suppliers, importers and businesses as the country assesses whether the current international price shock proves temporary or develops into a more prolonged increase in the cost of energy.
Business
NSB felicitates the performance and commitment of Grade 5 students
The student, who obtained the highest marks in the Sinhala medium, at the Grade 5 Scholarship Examination – 2026, was felicitated by the National Savings Bank (NSB), recently, at the NSB Head Office, under the Hapan Pranama Scholarship Program -2026, organized by the Bank.
The Chairman of the Bank, Dr. Harsha Cabral PC, the Actg. General Manager/CEO, Rohana Bandara Weerakoon and the Corporate Management were present at the occasion.
Danoj Theekshana Weerasekara, a student of Ahatuwewa Model Primary School in Kurunegala District, has won the first place in Sinhala Medium at Grade 5 Scholarship Examination this year, with 193 marks. His remarkable achievement reflects not only his personal talents, but also the commitment of his family members, guidance of his teachers and support of the entire school community, who came together to make his triumph a reality.
The National Savings Bank, while complimenting his achievement, wishes him good luck, strength and courage for his future academic endeavors.
Being always committed towards realizing the educational goals of the children of the country, NSB organizes a seminar series, well in advance of the Examination, every year, to support them in preparation for the exam. The Bank has been able to hold more than 100 seminars islandwide this year as well.
Through these seminars, it is expected to provide the students with knowledge, guidance and mental strength, required to be successful at the Examination and the Bank has joined hands with them at an important juncture of their lives, assuring support and strength to face the exam with confidence. (NSB)
Business
CSE receives ‘Great Place to Work’ for five consecutive years
The Colombo Stock Exchange (CSE) has received the ‘Great Place to Work’ Certification’ for the 5th consecutive year in a row. Since 2022 the bourse has been continually awarded the certification in recognition of its commitment to providing a welcome, inclusive and safe environment.
“At CSE, our people remain our greatest strength.” remarked Rajeeva Bandaranaike, CEO of the CSE “Receiving the Great Place to Work Certification for the fifth consecutive year is a meaningful recognition of our commitment to creating a workplace culture founded on trust, respect, and collaboration. It is an achievement shared by every member of the CSE team and reflects the passion, commitment, and teamwork that continue to drive our success.”
The certification was awarded by Great Place to Work®, a global organization that grants this recognition across more than 180 countries and regions and represents over 20 million employees and 22,000 companies worldwide. The certification was based on the results of an anonymous, company-wide survey that evaluated workplace culture across five key dimensions: credibility, respect, fairness, pride, and camaraderie.
The certification reaffirms CSE’s commitment to its foundational values of Professionalism, Integrity, Care, Teamwork, Passion and Agility. By championing equity and inclusion, the CSE has built a welcoming, discrimination-free culture where every individual can thrive. A cornerstone of this success is CSE’s leadership in workplace diversity as an equal opportunity employer and signatory to the UN Women’s Empowerment Principles, alongside its close collaboration with the UN Global Compact and Respectful Workplaces initiatives. Additionally, the exchange fosters dynamic young talent, with early-career professionals accounting for 57% of its workforce.
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