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Wedgefishes and Guitarfishes in Sri Lanka: The Urgent Need for Conservation

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A Bottlenose Wedgefish (Rhynchobatus australiae) landed at a fish landing site

Wedgefishes and guitarfishes are among the ocean’s most misunderstood and overlooked animals. They are ancient, gentle, shark-like rays that glide quietly through the shallow coastal waters. Although their bodies resemble sharks, they are not sharks but rays, with bodies made of a cartilaginous skeleton belonging to the order Rhinopristiformes.

Wedgefishes and guitarfishes inhabit inshore waters on the continental shelf, particularly in enclosed bays, estuaries, and coral reefs, and are primarily found in warm-temperate to tropical inshore continental seas. With their flattened heads, long, tapered tails, and calm, deliberate movements, they are peaceful animals that live close to the sea floor, gently moving through the water.

Wedgefishes and guitarfishes represent one of the most threatened groups of marine vertebrates globally. They rest on mud, sand, or rough bottoms and feed on benthic invertebrates, crustaceans, and small bottom-dwelling fish, playing a crucial role in maintaining the trophic functioning of soft-sediment ecosystems. Their distinctive appearance, coastal distribution, and shark-like bodies make them extremely vulnerable to capture in different types of fisheries, especially gillnets used in shallow waters. Slow growth, late maturity, and low reproductive rate further limit their ability to recover from exploitation and make them even more vulnerable, making every new pup precious.

Sri Lanka is home to eight officially recorded Rhinopristiformes species, including two wedgefishes (Rhina ancylostoma and Rhynchobatus australiae) and five guitarfishes (Glaucostegus granulatus, Acroteriobatus variegatus, Rhinobatos annandalei, Rhinobatos lionotus, and Rhinobatos punctifer), underscoring the country’s significance as a regional biodiversity hotspot for shark-like rays. Except for Rhinobatos punctifer, all are listed as Critically Endangered on the IUCN Red List due to population declines driven by overfishing in artisanal fisheries, underpinned by limited management. Many of these species have declined drastically, with sawfishes now considered locally extinct.

Fishing pressure remains high along Sri Lanka’s coastal shelf, where artisanal gillnets and longlines operate daily. Whilst both guitarfish and wedgefish are incidentally caught and retained for sale in local markets, wedgefish are especially vulnerable as their meat is more highly valued locally and their fins are in high demand internationally, leading them to be deliberately targeted in fisheries. Apart from overfishing, habitat change and degradation are major drivers of population declines in species distribution and abundance. The shallow coastal habitats of these species are often subject to high levels of human activity, resulting in habitat degradation or loss due to pollution, mangrove clearance, and coastal or riverine developments.

In Sri Lanka, six Important Shark and Ray Areas (ISRAs) have been established along the coastline in response to high landings of sharks and rays, with guitarfish driving the designation of the Pasikuda and Kalkuda ISRA, which has frequent landings of Acroteriobatus variegatus, and the Palk Bay ISRA, which has frequent landings of Glaucostegus granulatus. However, despite being classified as Critically Endangered and experiencing severe population declines in Sri Lankan waters, these species still receive no legal protection, highlighting a significant conservation concern. The situation calls for immediate, coordinated action. There is an urgent need for systematic landing-site monitoring, improved species identification, and clear documentation of local and export trade to strengthen CITES non-detriment findings. Protecting critical coastal habitats and implementing national conservation measures are essential steps to allow populations to stabilise and recover. As Sri Lanka lies within an important biodiversity region for rhino rays, proactive conservation is not only needed but imperative to prevent these species from vanishing entirely, an outcome that has already unfolded for sawfish in many tropical nations.



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Trust, security and collaboration seen as pillars of growth in digital payments

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Experts at the Visa-led forum

Visa successfully hosted the Visa Sri Lanka Cybersecurity Conclave 2026 on 25 June 2026, convening leaders from the banking sector, Government, regulators and industry bodies to foster dialogue on evolving cyber threat landscape and the collective action needed to strengthen cyber resilience across Sri Lanka’s digital economy.

As digital payments continue to expand, cybersecurity remains critical to sustaining trust, protecting consumers and businesses, and supporting a more inclusive digital economy. The conclave served as a focused platform for industry dialogue on emerging cyber threats, fraud prevention, regulatory readiness and public-private collaboration in safeguarding consumers, businesses and the wider financial ecosystem.

The event featured expert-led sessions by Visa leaders, covering Cyber Threat landscape, AI-driven Cybersecurity, Visa Cyber Solutions and Advisory, Risk landscape and AI-powered Fraud Prevention introducing Featurespace. Discussions underscored the increasing sophistication of cyberattacks and fraud patterns, particularly as AI-enabled threats create new challenges for financial institutions, regulators, and businesses.

A senior-level panel discussion brought together Sirikumara Kudagama, Deputy Governor of the Central Bank of Sri Lanka; Waruna Dhanapala, Secretary to the Ministry of Digital Economy; Brigadier K.V.P. Dhammika, Director of Cyber Command and Information Warfare Centre; Mr. Kapila Hettihamu, Chief Risk Officer of Commercial Bank of Ceylon; and Avanthi Colombage, Country Manager, Sri Lanka and Maldives, Visa. The panel delved on Sri Lanka’s changing cyber risk environment and the need for stronger preparedness across the financial sector, with emphasis on proactive threat intelligence, real-time response capabilities, stronger information sharing, capacity building, robust regulatory frameworks and the adoption of advanced security solutions to help institutions stay ahead of emerging risks.

Waruna Dhanapala, Secretary to the Ministry of Digital Economy, said, “As Sri Lanka advances its digital transformation, cybersecurity is a national priority and a critical enabler of trust in the digital economy. The expansion of digital payments and technology-enabled commerce presents significant opportunities, but also requires coordinated action, strong safeguards and trusted partnerships. Initiatives such as the Visa Sri Lanka Cybersecurity Conclave 2026 are valuable in bringing together government, regulators, financial institutions and industry leaders to exchange insights, address emerging risks and strengthen collective resilience.  We value the role that global payments leaders such as Visa continue to play in supporting Sri Lanka’s digital ecosystem through expertise, innovation and collaboration. This conclave was a timely effort to reinforce the shared responsibility needed to build a secure, resilient and inclusive digital economy for the country.”

Commenting on the success of the conclave, Avanthi Colombage, Country Manager, Sri Lanka and Maldives, Visa, said, “As Sri Lanka’s digital economy continues to grow, cybersecurity is fundamental to building trust in digital payments. At Visa, we are committed to working closely with regulators, financial institutions and ecosystem partners to support safer, more resilient digital commerce for consumers and businesses. Strengthening cyber resilience is not the responsibility of one institution alone. It requires collaboration, preparedness and continued investment across the ecosystem. Through initiatives such as the Visa Sri Lanka Cybersecurity Conclave 2026, Visa continues to support Sri Lanka’s financial ecosystem with global expertise, practical insights and security-led solutions that help protect the future of digital commerce in Sri Lanka.”

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First Capital maintains Bond Yield Outlook for 2026, identifies market recovery potential in 2027

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First Capital Holdings PLC, a subsidiary of JXG (Janashakthi Group) and a key player in Sri Lanka’s capital markets landscape, has maintained its outlook for Sri Lanka’s fixed income and equity markets, forecasting stable bond yields through 2026 while identifying potential opportunities emerging in 2027 as economic conditions improve.

According to the First Capital Mid-Year Outlook 2026, bond yields are expected to remain within current forecast ranges during 2026, with a 50 basis point premium introduced to the longer end of the yield curve in the first half of 2027 due to continued concerns surrounding debt sustainability and the pace of structural reforms.

First Capital expects inflation to average 6% in 2026, with recent monetary policy tightening by the Central Bank of Sri Lanka supporting inflation stability. However, the higher interest rate environment is expected to weigh on economic growth and credit expansion, creating potential room for a rate reduction during the first half of 2027.

Commenting on the outlook, Dimantha Mathew, Chief Research & Strategy Officer of First Capital Holdings PLC, said, “The recent tightening in monetary policy has helped stabilise inflation expectations, although it is expected to moderate economic momentum in the near term. We believe investors should remain positioned within shorter tenures, providing a dual opportunity with potential capital gains as yields are expected to normalise and move down towards our targeted bands, whilst attractive carry opportunities remain available for investors. While progress on reforms remains critical, improving macroeconomic stability could create favourable conditions for market recovery over the medium term.”

First Capital forecasts the Average Weighted Prime Lending Rate (AWPR) to remain between 10.0%–11.0% during the second half of 2026, before easing to 9.5%–10.5% in the first half of 2027, supported by moderating GDP and credit growth and stabilising liquidity conditions.

The Sri Lankan Rupee is expected to remain within a range of LKR 325–335 against the US Dollar during the second half of 2026, with a gradual depreciation to LKR 335–345 anticipated in the first half of 2027 as external pressures and foreign exchange dynamics evolve.

In equities, First Capital maintains its 2026 All Share Price Index (ASPI) base case fair value target of 20,500 and introduces a 2027 target of 24,500, supported by expectations of softer inflation, earnings recovery, improving liquidity and a gradual easing of monetary policy. Given the expected near-term sideways movement in the market, First Capital recommends a higher cash allocation of 50% to enable investors to capitalise on potential entry opportunities ahead of a broader recovery.

The First Capital Mid-Year Outlook 2026 reflects the institution’s continued commitment to providing research-driven market insights and supporting investors in making informed investment decisions amid Sri Lanka’s evolving economic landscape.

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Bourse trading plunges in the wake of continuing US-Iran hostilities

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The CSE was trending down yesterday as external environmental issues, especially the US-Iran hostilities, continued to impact the global economy adversely.

The All Share Price Index went down by 170.60 points, while the S and P SL20 declined by 43.39 points. Turnover stood at Rs 2.63 billion with four crossings.

Turnover stood at Rs 2.63 billion with four crossings. Those crossings were: CT Holdings crossed 1.1 million shares to the tune of Rs 551 million; its shares traded at Rs 510, Cargills Ceylon 856,000 shares crossed for Rs 145 million; its shares sold at Rs 630, LMF 232 million shares crossed for Rs 232 million; its shares sold at Rs 84 and Dialog 457,000 shares crossed to the tune of Rs 20 million; its shares sold at Rs 43.

In the retail market companies that mainly contributed to the turnover were; JKH Rs 109 million (5.5 million shares traded), Haycarb Rs 93 million (535,000 shares traded), CCS Rs 60 million (447,000 shares traded), Bairaha Farm Rs 54 million (626,000 shares traded), Ambeon Capital Rs 48 million (1.6 million shares traded), LMF Rs 47 million (556,000 shares traded) and ACL Cables Rs 44 million (455,000 shares traded). During the day 56 million share volumes changed hands in 17347 transactions.

It is said that manufacturing sector counters, especially JKH, performed well. Further, beverage sector counters, especially Cargills and CCS performed significantly well.

Yesterday the rupee was quoted at Rs 336.20/30 to the US dollar in the spot market, from Rs 336.15/25 Friday, while bond yields edged up, dealers said.

The telegraphic transfer rate for the dollar was 331.80 buying, Rs 340.80 selling; the euro was 376.9467 buying, 390.8637 selling; and the pound was 445.4833 buying, 459.5289 selling.

By Hiran H. Senewiratne

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