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Midweek Review

The strange case of Katuwapitiya suicide bomber’s wife Pulasthini

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Pulasthini Rajendra aka Sarah Jesmine

Can Pulasthini Rajendra aka Sarah Jesmine, wife of Katuwapitiya suicide bomber Atchchi Muhammadu Hastun, reveal something Abdul Cader Fatima Hadiya, wife of Zahran Hashim, couldn’t? This is the question that baffles lawmaker Mujibur Rahuman. Did Pulasthini know somethings not known to any other person alive? Rahuman asked, pointing out another mystery – the case of Jameel, who had been tasked to carry out a suicide blast at the Taj Samudra but opted to go back to a hotel in Dehiwela where he met an intelligence services officer before he triggered the blast. SJB MP Patali Champika Ranawaka made reference to intelligence officer’s alleged links with Jameel in Parliament. SJB MP Eran Wickremaratne, too, made a statement in Parliament on similar lines. However, Manusha Nanayakkara and Harin Fernando, who had led the campaign to find the truth about the Easter Sunday carnage, dropped the matter after receiving ministerial portfolios from Gotabaya Rajapaksa, at the behest of the then Premier Ranil Wickremesinghe.

By Shamindra Ferdinando

Samagi Jana Balavegaya (SJB) lawmaker Mujibur Rahuman declared in Parliament on Nov. 10, 2022 that Pulasthini Rajendra aka Sarah Jesmine, wife of Thowheed Jamaat suicide bomber Atchchi Muhammadu Hastun, who carried out the 2019 Easter Sunday blast, at St. Sebastian’s Church, at Katuwapitiya, Katana, “is alive”.

Alleging Jesmine had taken refuge in India, the Colombo district MP, who represented the UNP at the time of the Easter Sunday carnage, said that the government was struggling to prove she died during a series of blasts at Saindamaruthu, Kalmunai, on the night of April.

Speaking on the Poisons, Opium and Dangerous Drugs Amendment Act, MP Rahuman briefly addressed four contentious issues, including the claim Jesmine received refuge in India. So was she a RAW agent in Zahran camp as some speculated.

Addressing largely an empty House, lawmaker Rahuman questioned (1) the inordinate delay in amending the Prevention of Terrorism Act (PTA) in spite of promises given by Ranil Wickremesinghe, in his capacity as the Prime Minister (2015-2019), and ousted President Gotabaya Rajapaksa (2019-2022), (2) the failure on the part of the Attorney General to disclose the cases withdrawn during Gotabaya Rajapaksa’s administration (3) disappearance of Jesmine and finally (4) dual citizens in Parliament.

Claiming that Jesmine, too, survived the Saindamaruthu blasts, MP Rahuman quoted terror mastermind Zahran Hashim’s wife, Abdul Cader Fatima Hadiya, as having told the Presidential Commission of Inquiry (P CoI) into the Easter Sunday blasts, that she heard Jesmine’s voice, after the blasts.

Zahran Hashim detonated himself at Shangri-la, on the morning of April 19, 2019. Those killed at Saindamaruthu, a week later, included Zahran Hashim’s father Mohamed Hashim and his brothers Zainee and Rilwan. Rilwan is believed to have been one of those who detonated bombs. Fatima and her child survived the Saindamaruthu blasts and remain in government custody.

MP Rahuman said that three DNZ tests, conducted on the human remains found there, had proved Jesmine hadn’t been among the dead at Saindamaruthu. Of the three tests, two were conducted during the Parliamentary Select Committee (PSC) probe into the Easter Sunday blasts and the P CoI, the MP said, pointing out the third was conducted in the wake of the then Public Security Minister Rear Admiral Sarath Weerasekera’s declaration in Parliament that the government believed Jesmine didn’t survive the Saindamaruthu blasts.

The lawmaker questioned the failure on the part of the government to establish the truth as Abubakkar, the Traffic OIC of Kalawanchikudy police who allegedly helped Jesmine to flee the country, is in the custody of the Criminal Investigation Department (CID). The outspoken MP alleged that successive governments hadn’t sought Indian assistance to apprehend Jesmine, the only person who could shed light on the Easter Sunday conspiracy.

In a way this is strange logic on the part of Rahuman to assume that Jesmine would know more about the Easter Sunday conspiracy than Zahran’s wife Fatima, who, too, survived the blasts ,with her child. Mind you Zahran was the mastermind and definitely not Jesmine’s husband Atchchi Muhammadu Hastun, who also perished when he detonated a suicide bomb at the packed Katuwapitiya Church, on Easter Sunday. Besides Jesmine, who was originally a Tamil Hindu, and had converted to Islam, only after she fell under the spell of Hastun, in 2015. So she couldn’t have been privy to the terrorist cell’s deep conspiracies, being more of an outsider.

MP Rahuman told The Island that the country couldn’t move forward without addressing the Easter Sunday mystery. The police owed an explanation as regards the arrest of Abubakkar and the status of the investigations into the police officer’s complicity in Jesmine’s escape.

Pulasthini marries Hastun

Abdul Cader Fatima Hadiya

Rajaratnam Kavitha, the mother of Jesmine (former Pulasthini before she married Hastun) is on record as having told the P CoI that her daughter had been with Fatima from February 2019 to April 26, 2019, the day the remnants of the Zahran’s group triggered the Saindamaruthu blasts.

The P CoI was told how Pulasthini had been converted to Islam, in 2015, by the General Secretary of the Sri Lanka Thowheed Jamaat (SLTJ) Abdul Razik. Pulaththini, born in 1996, had obtained 8As and 1B at the GCE O/L examination. Having chosen to study biology, Pulasthini attended private tuition classes at Kalmunai. Kavitha had been employed in Abu Dhabi at that time.

Pulasthini has disappeared in late July, 2015 and, according to Kavitha’s testimony before the P CoI, her mother (Pulasthini’s grandmother) had informed her (Kavitha) over the phone on 29 July, 2015, of the disappearance of Pulasthini. Kavitha had instructed her mother to lodge a complaint with the Kaluwanchikudy Police. Meanwhile, Razik had called Kavitha’s brother to inform that Pulasthini was with them.

It would be pertinent to mention that these developments take place at the onset of the Yahapalana administration.

Negligence on the part of police

Kavitha had been so worried she had returned from Abu Dhabi and visited Razik’s office, at Maligawatte, where she met Pulasthini dressed like a Muslim woman. There had been three men, including Razik and a woman. Having talked to Pulasthini, Kavitha had lodged a complaint with the Maligawatta police. While Kavitha had been at the Maligawatta police, Pulasthini, accompanied by Razik, visited the police station where the police advised her to take the girl home for 15 days if she remained faithful to Hinduism. But in case Pulasthini decided to follow Islam, she should be allowed to join Razik, the police stressed, while warning she would be arrested if she didn’t act accordingly.

When P CoI queried whether she was aware that a mother had the right to a child, regardless of religion, and if so, did she explain that to the Maligawatte police, Kavitha said that she was aware of that and when that point was raised, law enforcement men had told her that Pulasthini was over 18 years old and that she could do as she wished.

Kavitha also said that the police officers had got her to sign a three-page document. She added that she could not understand the contents as it had been in Sinhala.

“Razik’s aim was to convert Hindus to Islam. When I first went to the Maligawatte Police station I told them that, but the Police did not pay any attention to it and only listened to Razik,” Kavitha added.

However, Kavitha had managed to bring Pulasthini back to her home at Kalawanchikudy where she had removed the Abaya and practiced Hindu rituals. But, 15 days later, Razik had demanded that Pulasthini be returned to them. Then again, Pulasthini had disappeared on Sept. 24, 2015, after accompanying Kavitha to the Batticaloa hospital. Kavitha lodged a complaint with the Batticaloa police.

The following day, Razik had informed Kavitha that Pulasthini had got married to Hastun. Kavitha, accompanied by her brother, and one of her aunts and son, had visited Razik in Maligawatte though he couldn’t prove the said marriage took place. Maligawatta police declared they could not intervene as both Hastun and Pulasthini were over 18 years of age. During that visit to Maligawatte, Kavitha had got to know her only daughter Pulasthini had been named Sarah Jasmine after the marriage.

Obviously, there had been differences between Hastun and Jesmine and the latter left her husband and sought refuge in Abu Dhabi in early January 2016. Jesmine had arrived in Abu Dhabi on January 06, 2016, and was there for about four months. During that short spell she had been employed as a cashier there.

After having convinced Kavitha that she wanted to resume her studies and wouldn’t return to Hastun, Jesmine had returned to Kalawanchikudy in mid-2016. However, Hastun had lodged a complaint with Kattankudy police. Though Jesmin lived in Kalawanchikudy, Hastun had been so influential he got the police to hand her over to him. This couldn’t have been achieved without the intervention of a particular Muslim Federation.

Kavitha told P CoI Zahran’s wife Fatima had taken Pulasthini to a house at Narammala and the last call to her was taken on February 19, 2019 around 12.30 pm.

Kavitha explained how she made abortive attempts to lodge complaints with the Kalawanchikudy and Kattankudy police, after having lodged a complaint with the Narammala police (April 06, 2019) of her daughter’s disappearance. Subsequently, Kavitha lodged a complaint with the Human Rights Commission’s Regional Office in Batticaloa.

Kavitha asserted that her daughter’s jewellery hadn’t been among the items shown to her by the police, recovered from the scene of the Saindamaruthu blasts.

A tearful Kavitha urged law enforcement authorities to find her daughter. And had she done something wrong to punish her. “But if she is alive, give me a chance to see her at least once”, Kavitha told P CoI.

Over two years after the Easter Sunday attacks, the then Director General, Legal Affairs at the Presidential Secretariat, Attorney-at-Law Harigupta Rohanadeera insisted the government wasn’t aware of what really happened to Pulasthini though aware of her presence at Saindamaruthu at the time the military surrounded their hideout, about a week after the April 21, 2019 blasts. Rohanadeera was on Hiru ‘Salakuna’. The panel of journalists pressed the then President Gotabaya Rajapaksa’s aide over Pulasthini securing refuge in India, having fled the country in a boat.

HRCSL inquiry

Mujibur Rahuman

The Island inquired into the Pulasthini’a matter, in August 2020. The writer took up this issue with the then HRCSL Chairperson Dr. Deepika Udagama and was assured that Kavitha never mentioned about Zahran’s Hashim’s involvement in her daughter’s disappearance when she visited the HRCSL regional office, in Batticaloa.

Dr. Udagama said there hadn’t been any reference to Zahran when Kavitha visited the Regional Office, on April 17, 2019, four days before the Easter attacks.

Dr. Udagama was responding to The Island query whether the Regional Office informed Colombo of receiving a complaint as regards the missing young woman. The Island raised the issue with Dr. Udagama in the wake of Kavitha‘s testimony, before the Presidential Commission of Inquiry (P CoI), in late July 2020.

Kavitha said that she visited the HRCSL Regional Office, in Batticaloa, after the Kaluwanchikudy and Kattankudy Police stations declined to accept her complaints. Kavitha said: I informed an officer there that I found out my daughter was with Zahran. At that moment he said he knew Zahran and that there was nothing to be scared of since Zahran was a normal person.”

Kavitha also quoted a Batticaloa-based HRCSL official as having said there was no need to lodge a complaint and that he would look into the matter.

Q (The Island): Did HRCSL receive a complaint in this regard or any information regarding Kavitha’s visit to HRCSL Regional Office?

A (Dr. Deepika Udagama): We obtained a detailed report on the matter from our Batticaloa Regional Office. It also includes the log entry relating to the visit of Ms. Kavitha to the Regional Office on 17 April, 2020. According to our records, one Ms. Kavitha of Mankadu, Cettipalayam, had visited our Batticaloa Regional Office on 17 April, 2019, accompanied by a male. Her complaint was that her daughter P. Pulasthini (age 24) had gone away with a young man from the Muslim community and had married him, in 2015, and that her whereabouts were not known. She had appealed to the HRCSL to assist in finding her. As the matter was of a private nature, our officer had informed Ms. Kavitha that it did not fall within the HRCSL’s statutory mandate. Ms. Kavitha had been advised to seek the assistance of the police to find her daughter. At that point the mother had not been informed of any attempts to complain to the police or of any inaction on the part of the police. If that were the case the complaint would have been registered.

In her complaint Ms. Kavitha had stated that one Razik, from a Muslim organisation, was having influence over her daughter’s family life. There had been no mention of a Zahran. In fact, as a gesture of assistance, our officer had called a telephone number, provided by Ms. Kavitha, which was said to be that of Razik.

He had denied knowledge of Pulasthini’s whereabouts and had mentioned that the parents had complained to the Maligawatta police station about the matter and that the police, including CID, had questioned him in that regard. As there was nothing out of the ordinary about the complaint, the HRCSL Colombo had not been informed. That is the regular procedure.

Q: Did P CoI ask HRCSL personnel to appear before it? And if not, will you be inquiring into this (in the wake of PCoI revelation.)

A: No, we have not been summoned by the P CoI. The records from our Batticaloa office, in our opinion, do not give rise to any issue that requires further investigation.

Q: Did HRCSL inquire into the Easter Sunday tragedy or receive complaints as regards the government’s failure to thwart the carnage?

A: Even in the absence of a complaint, the HRCSL could investigate this matter on its own initiative (per S.14 of HRCSL Act, No 21 of 1996). However, we are aware that the same issue is being canvassed before the Supreme Court via FR petition by at least one aggrieved party. When a matter is being canvassed before the Supreme Court in a FR application, the Commission does not conduct a parallel inquiry. The decision of the SC is binding on all parties.

Safer dead

Four years after 2019 Easter Sunday carnage, the fate of Pulasthini remains a mystery. The first volume of the P CoI final report (Vol. 1, page 223) referred to this matter as follows: “The Commission of Inquiry received evidence of two witnesses who testified that Sarah was seen alive after the Easter Sunday attacks and had fled to India. In her testimony, Zahran’s wife Abdul Cader Fatima Hadiya said that after the blasts at Saindamaruthu, on April 26, 2019, she lost consciousness. After she regained consciousness, she could hear the voice of a woman which sounded like that of Sarah. The DNA analysis, with the mother of Sarah, did not establish that Sarah had died in the blasts. In view of this testimony, the COI recommends that investigations into Sarah be continued.”

Several lawmakers, including S.M.S. Marrikar (SJB), Manusha Namayakkara (SJB) and Rauf Hakeem (SLMC), also elected on the SJB ticket, commented on Sarah’s matter.

The former Attorney General Dappula de Livera, in an interview with News First journalist Zulfick Farzan, on May 17, 2021, commented on the issue at hand. Livera said that her death at the Saindamaruthu gun battle, followed by explosions, is yet to be confirmed. “We understand that she fled to India, but that too is not confirmed. Actually, her whereabouts remain unknown.”

The National Catholic Committee for Justice to the Easter Sunday Attack Victims, on July 12, 2021, raised a gamut of issues pertaining to NTJ suicide attacks with the then President Gotabaya Rajapaksa. Sarah’s disappearance was high on the Catholic group’s agenda. Gotabaya Rajapaksa did nothing to address the concerns of the Catholic Church. The Wickremesinghe-Rajapaksa government, too, seems yet to address the issues. The SJB MP Rahuman’s criticism in Parliament, on November 10, 2022, is evidence that the Easter Sunday mystery hadn’t been solved.



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Midweek Review

Israeli-US aggression won’t go unanswered -Iranian Ambassador

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Dr. Alireza Delkhosh responds to The Island queries

Iranian Ambassador in Colombo Dr. Alireza Delkhosh says the Islamic Republic of Iran remains fully prepared to face US-Israeli aggression.

In an interview with The Island at the Iranian Embassy, in Colombo, Dr. Delkhosh emphasised that in case of a fresh outbreak of hostilities, the aggressors, as well as those who provided bases for unprovoked military campaign ,should be prepared to face the consequences.

Excerpts of the interview:

The Island: Did Iran anticipate Israel-US launching unprovoked attacks in the midst of indirect nuclear talks between Iran and US in Geneva, mediated by Oman?

Ambassador: Iran’s wall of mistrust towards the US is rooted in decades of hostile policies and, specifically, Washington’s dark record of broken promises. We always welcomed diplomacy in good faith and serious intent, entering diplomatic channels accordingly; yet, we have repeatedly witnessed the US chose the path of betraying diplomacy in the midst of negotiations.

We do not build our foreign policy on optimism toward the US, as we fundamentally do not view the current US administration as a trustworthy party. The recurrence of provocative patterns and coordination with the Zionist regime’s actions during sensitive negotiations indicate a systematic approach to discredit diplomacy.

From our perspective;

“Any coercive or military action taken alongside mediation efforts serves as further evidence of Washington’s lack of sincere will for diplomacy and its attempt to exert pressure under the guise of dialogue—an approach that will not go unanswered.”

The Island: Do you think the latest war and regional developments, such as the UAE pulling out of OPEC, should be examined, taking into consideration the Oct0ber 7, 2023, Hamas attack on southern Israel.

Ambassador: Allow me to rephrase your question: Is there a link between the attacks carried out by the US and Israel against Iran and the Zionist regime’s warmongering policies? My answer is a definitive “yes”.

Any serious analysis of the current regional dynamics must be placed within the broader historical and structural context of the Palestinian question and the continuation of occupation and blockade. Iran has consistently maintained that the developments of October 7, 2023, did not emerge in a vacuum, but are rooted in decades of unresolved injustice, the denial of legitimate rights of the Palestinian people, and the absence of a credible political horizon.

From this perspective, the subsequent escalation in the region reflects a chain of reactions shaped by long-standing structural tensions, rather than isolated incidents. Iran has repeatedly emphasised that sustainable stability can only be achieved through ending occupation, addressing the root causes of the crisis, and upholding the inalienable rights of the Palestinian people.

Thus, it is important not to reduce complex geopolitical developments to a single starting point. Energy market decisions, alliance shifts, and military escalations are influenced by a broader set of strategic, economic, and political factors.

The Island: What is the status of talks mediated by Pakistan?

Ambassador: A high-ranking Iranian delegation attended an intense day of negotiations, with American negotiators, in Pakistan, on 12th of April, to permanently end a US-Israeli aggression against the country. Iran agreed to participate in the negotiations after US authorities indicated they had accepted Iran’s general conditions as a baseline for peace deal discussions. However, during 20 hours’ intense talks, the US changed its position.

The main sticking point in the talks was the US reluctance to agree to Iran’s legitimate rights to have a peaceful nuclear programme, which Iran has insisted on for years and just before entering the talks, based on the UNSC resolution and the relevant laws.

Iran’s foreign policy is firmly grounded in the principles of dignity, mutual respect, and rejection of coercion or imposed negotiations. Within this framework, Iran has consistently stated that it remains open to indirect diplomatic engagement through mediators, including regional partners, such as Pakistan, provided that diplomacy is conducted in a balanced and credible environment. At the same time, Iran has repeatedly emphasised that the effectiveness of any negotiating track is directly undermined by the US coercive measures, unilateral sanctions, and pressure-based policies.

Sustainable diplomacy necessitates a complete decoupling from pressure tactics; it must be grounded in genuine reciprocity and respect for national rights and interests. Guided by this principled approach, Iran continues to engage in mediation efforts, in good faith, while resolutely safeguarding its sovereign rights and rejecting any framework that resembles ‘dictation under pressure’.”

The Island: The UN has pathetically failed to intervene in the current West Asia conflict. Both Israel and the US simply ignored the UN and the world body seems irrelevant. As a seasoned diplomat what is your opinion on the UN? What is wrong with the global body”

Ambassador: Iran views the UN as an important multilateral institution established to safeguard international peace and security; however, its effectiveness has increasingly been constrained by the selective application of its Charter and the politicisation of decision-making, particularly within the Security Council.

Currently, the international community is witnessing highly dangerous interpretations of ‘peace,’ ‘rights,’ and ‘aggression’ by the US and the Israeli regime. In their lexicon, if they attack a country, it is labelled a ‘peace operation’ or ‘legitimate defence’; yet, if a nation defends itself, it is branded as ‘warmongering.’

“When the innocent people of Gaza, Lebanon, Syria, Yemen, Iran, and Iraq are stripped of their fundamental human and humanitarian rights and endure profound suffering due to attacks, genocides, and inhumane sanctions, it is as if—in the prevailing international discourse—’human rights’ are not being violated at all.”

The world witnessed, on many occasions, that when certain permanent members are directly involved, or aligned with one side of a conflict, the UN’s ability to act impartially is significantly weakened.

From this perspective, the current situation does not reflect irrelevance of the United Nations itself, but rather highlights the structural imbalance in the international order, where enforcement mechanisms are often subject to geopolitical considerations. Iran has, therefore, consistently called for fundamental reform of global governance structures, including democratisation of the Security Council and strengthening of multilateralism, based on justice, equality, and respect for sovereignty.

The Islamic Republic of Iran supports a United Nations that truly represents the rights of nations and establishes justice. The current state of global affairs reflects the failure of certain powers to adhere to the fundamental principles of the UN Charter.

While emphasising the necessity of effective multilateralism to guarantee international peace and security, the Islamic Republic of Iran has consistently reaffirmed its commitment to an international order, based on international law and the principles of the UN Charter.

In conclusion, I must state that: “Unilateralism negates the essential and fundamental principles of the United Nations. Unilateralism is an invitation to injustice, confrontation, and war.”

The Island: In spite of sustained US pressure, its NATO allies declined to join military action against Iran or commit forces to Hormuz Strait. The British and French positions caused an unprecedented rift between them and the US. Do you think NATO countries’ split position on Iran war caused irreparable damage to the largest military organisation in the world?

Ambassador: Differences among NATO members on the use of force in external theatres are not unprecedented. Divergent approaches to specific regional conflicts can place strain on political unity and strategic messaging within this alliance. Whether such differences translate into long-term structural damage depends on how effectively members manage internal consultation and reaffirm shared principles.

Let’s not forget that NATO is fundamentally a military alliance shaped by the strategic priorities of the United States, and differences among its members often reflect not a principled divergence, but rather varying degrees of alignment with Washington’s regional policies.

What is presented as “internal consultation” within NATO is frequently constrained by asymmetric influence, where key decisions on the use of force are effectively driven by the US agenda.

In this context, disagreements among NATO members on external military actions are seen in Tehran less as an institutional safeguard and more as evidence of the alliance’s limited strategic autonomy, particularly in relation to West Asia. Therefore, these divergences do not merely represent tactical differences, but highlight a deeper structural issue: the growing questioning of interventionist policies and the sustainability of military blocs in addressing complex regional crises.

The Island: When did you first hear about the unprovoked US attack on Iran frigate off Galle? (The date and time, please). Who told you about the unfortunate incident? What was your first reaction?

Ambassador: What was particularly concerning was that the IRIS Dena was understood to be undertaking a routine passage in the region, returning from an official visit to India, and was not engaged in any combat or hostile activity. Any incident involving a naval vessel, under such circumstances, is naturally a matter of serious concern and a war crime, especially when it raises questions about maritime safety and the protection of unarmed or non-combat assets.

My immediate priority, upon receiving credible confirmation about this attack, would have been the safety of personnel and the prevention of any escalation. From the first moments of receiving this information, I have been in direct talks and consultations with the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Sri Lanka and other relevant government authorities, while ensuring that no conclusions are drawn until all facts are verified.

The Island: Did you visit the Iranian vessel and sailors now at Trincomalee?

Ambassador: At this stage, I would like to state that the primary responsibility of the mission has been to maintain continuous contact with the relevant Sri Lankan authorities and ensure the safety, welfare, and proper handling of Iranian personnel and assets involved. In this regard, we have been in close and ongoing coordination with the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Sri Lanka and other competent government institutions to follow up on all necessary arrangements.

Our focus has been on ensuring that all matters are addressed through official diplomatic channels in accordance with international maritime and humanitarian procedures. The well-being of our personnel and the proper management of the situation remain our highest priority.

The Island: Ambassador, you presented your credentials to the then President Ranil Wickremesinghe in late October, 2023. What were the previous diplomatic stations you served before taking over the Colombo mission?

Ambassador: Prior to my mission in Sri Lanka and the Maldives, I served in various diplomatic capacities in Turkey, Sweden, and Uzbekistan.”

The Island:Would you mind stating Iranian red lines about issues that Iran would never give up such as the right to use nuclear power for civilian purposes and control over Hormuz Strait?

Ambassador: Iran’s foreign policy is based on the principles of sovereignty, deterrence, and the rejection of coercion and unilateral pressure, while simultaneously affirming its commitments under international law. In this framework, we have consistently emphasised that the Islamic Republic will never relinquish its inalienable right to peaceful nuclear energy, including enrichment for civilian purposes, such as energy production, medical applications, and scientific development. As we continually maintained, this right is fully consistent with the Non-Proliferation Treaty.

At the same time, Iran regards the security and management of the Strait of Hormuz as a strategic national responsibility, given that it lies within Iran’s sovereign waters and is one of the world’s most sensitive maritime corridors. Our officials have repeatedly stated that the security of the Persian Gulf and Hormuz must be maintained by regional states themselves, without external militarisation or domination.

However, Iran has consistently expressed concern over certain regional developments in which neighbouring territories have been utilised for the projection of external military power, including by the United States, which, in Tehran’s view, contributes to heightened tensions and undermines regional stability. From Iran’s perspective, such dynamics are among the key factors affecting and jeopardising the security environment of the Persian Gulf and the Strait of Hormuz.

Within this framework, Iran has emphasised that any threat to its sovereignty, territorial integrity, or strategic security interests would be met with firm and proportionate resistance, while at the same time reaffirming its commitment to freedom of navigation in accordance with international law.

Taken together, from a broader perspective: “The overarching framework of Iran’s foreign policy is built upon three primary pillars: countering diplomatic pressures, maintaining autonomy in strategic decision-making while safeguarding national interests and sovereignty, and emphasising the principle of reciprocity. This approach—rooted in the three guiding principles of ‘Dignity, Wisdom, and Expediency’—reflects Tehran’s explicit opposition to unilateralism and bullying in the global arena.”

The Island: Iran proved that it had the strength and the will power to face daunting military challenges and, in spite of civilian protests, influenced by economic hardships, the public stood by the leadership during the hour of crisis. What is Iran’s message to the world?

Ambassador: Iran is the heir to a great civilisation, spanning several millennia. Iran’s message to the world is that national resilience is ultimately rooted in the bond between the state and its nation, particularly, during times of external pressure and security challenges. Despite economic hardships, the Iranian people have demonstrated that in moments of national crisis, priorities converge around the defence of sovereignty, territorial integrity, and national security.

From this perspective, the experience of recent years is a clear testimony that external pressure, military threats, or coercive policies do not weaken national cohesion; rather, they reinforce a shared sense of resistance and the bond between the leadership and segments of society around core national principles. It highlights that such domestic economic issues are addressed within the framework of national stability, not through external intervention.

There exists an inviolable principle: “Sustainable national cohesion is achieved only in the light of full sovereignty over internal affairs and the rejection of any intervention or the politicisation of domestic developments by foreign powers.”

The Island:Wishful Israel-US assessment for regime change, following the Supreme Leader’s assassination failed. Against the backdrop of US success in Venezuela, they seemed to have wrongly asserted the situation and Iranian military response. How do you see the next few weeks as the US and Israel maintain a fragile ceasefire, regardless of some isolated incidents?

Ambassador: The assumptions that external pressure, military action, or targeted scenarios, such as the assassination of its leadership, would lead to structural political change in Iran, have repeatedly proven to be a strategic miscalculation. “Iran’s security architecture is not modelled after classic Western patterns that could be brought down, through sanctions or threats; rather, it possesses its own unique design.

Iran’s strategic decision-making is rooted in institutional continuity, national sovereignty, and a well-established defence and command structure—one that cannot be disrupted by external pressures or short-term military developments.”

Regarding the current situation, the existing ceasefire environment looks to be fragile and highly sensitive. As repeatedly stressed by our officials and leadership, stability cannot be sustained through coercive measures, continued military pressure, or selective escalation. Therefore, any lasting calm depends on adherence to commitments, respect for sovereignty, and cessation of hostile actions.

In the coming weeks, the situation will remain volatile, yet manageable, and Iran will continue to maintain its readiness to respond to any potential adventurism.

Iran continues to emphasise that sustainable regional security cannot be built on failed assumptions of regime change or military superiority, but only through recognition of political realities and mutual respect under international law.

The Island: Finally, the senseless killing of over 150 schoolgirls and teachers at an Iranian school, at the onset of the latest conflict, horrified the world. However, the response of Western governments, and various human rights bodies, seemed inadequate. Some refrained from commenting on the incident. The situation in Lebanon, too, is deteriorating. Why do they act differently when the perpetrators happened to be the US or Israel?

Ambassador: I believe that the disparity in reactions reflects a long-standing flaw in the international system: the selective application of international law and humanitarian principles, based on political considerations rather than universal standards.

As you noted, when incidents involve the US or Israel, many international actors—including certain Western governments and institutions—tend to interpret events through the narratives of ‘security,’ ‘self-defence,’ or ‘strategic necessity.’ The brutal attack on the Minab girls’ school, which resulted in the slaughter of over 168 students and teachers, has pulled back the curtain on the double standards of those who claim to champion human rights. While the smallest incidents in other countries trigger immediate global outcries. We witness a response characterised by silence, projection, and brazen falsehoods regarding this blatant crime—as well as the horrific atrocities in Gaza and Lebanon. These tactics aim at nothing but distorting reality and whitewashing the perpetrators of these tragedies. This pattern has undermined the credibility of international law and the global human rights framework, as it ignores the principle of ‘sovereign equality’ and suggests that accountability is not applied equally to all members of the international community.

This is not merely a legal issue but an expression of a structural imbalance in the international order, where political alliances and strategic interests dictate the interpretation and enforcement of norms. Therefore, I maintain that: “The only way to restore trust in the international system is through the consistent and non-selective enforcement of international law, without exceptions or double standards, regardless of the identity of the parties involved.”

As a final word: “Ibn Khaldun 1332-1406, a famous philosopher and historian, believes that ‘politics is the product of geography.’ The essence of this hypothesis is that the temporary presence of extra-regional powers in West Asia and the Persian Gulf must not lead certain small coastal states of the Persian Gulf into a strategic miscalculation.

The time will come when outsiders are expelled from this region, leaving only the neighbours who are destined to coexist. Instead of focusing on Outsourced Security and legitimacy from distant powers, they must return to geographical realities. They ought to study history to recognise which nation has been the source of security and stability in the Persian Gulf for millennia.

 

By Shamindra Ferdinando

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Midweek Review

JVP/NPP government and social media

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‘Aragalaya’ betrayed? ‘The treason of the intellectuals’  in the age of populism – Part III

The JVP/NPP government, which relied heavily on social media to come to power, seems to be deeply afraid that it will be overthrown by a second aragalaya fuelled by social media. The government has been accused of organising and directing forces—including pro-government social media activists—from behind the scenes to prevent criticism of the government’s actions from shaping public opinion against the government through social media. Critics say that the aim is to discourage, silence, and drive away critics of the government through ridicule, insults, obscene statements, and intimidation.

Leaving aside these behind-the-scenes manoeuvers, the news that a group of YouTubers, who are identified as “dhobies” or “washers,” recently attended a private press conference at the JVP party headquarters at the invitation of the President and the Minister of Mass Media and Cabinet Media Spokesperson, is a powerful example of the weight the current government places on social media.

“Dhobies”/”washers”

The intelligentsia and intellectuals in democracies play a key role in shaping public opinion, which is traditionally vital in determining the outcome of elections or in building public protests. In the era of social media ubiquity, the primary location of the intelligentsia engaged in politics has shifted to social media. Influencing social media users is now seen as the key to political victory—hence the significance of the phenomenon identified by the term “dhobies”/”washers” (literally laundrymen).

Manifested as a voluntary social media activity—dominated by Facebook and primarily occurring in the Sinhala medium (this article does not cover Tamil social media)—the phenomenon of “washers” is an unprecedented and unique addition to the political process in Sri Lanka. This is an activity of political significance with a certain level of intellectual content that goes beyond the level of mere social media activism, and is carried out by the intelligentsia and intellectuals. These “washers”, alongside the academics who lead them, emphatically state that it is their responsibility to work vigorously to protect this government—one that they brought to power and which aligns with the ideology they believe in.

This group also includes social media journalists who identify themselves as left-wing political activists and as ‘analytical’ discussion presenters via content creation—podcasts and video interviews—as opposed to being mere social media activists.

To achieve their goal, the “washers” understand their role as “cleaning” or “whitewashing” the government in the face of criticism or controversy. They seek to prove the government right by targeting, attacking, and silencing critics through quibbling and intimidation, thereby “protecting” the government.

Although these attacks primarily come in the form of “intellectual” attacks, the range of attacks unleashed under that “intellectual leadership” includes ridicule, insults, and harassment, which are encouraged to be directed at opponents at various levels. Posts are published subtly or directly inviting the “people” who habituate social media as “friends” to post their emojis—likes, dislikes, laughter, ridicule—which may take the form of reaction images, or verbal “comments” against political opponents who publish their views on social media.

In addition to organised “washers,” there are highly credentialed academics who contribute to the “washing” process on their own Facebook pages, either directly or in tacit, subtle ways. Those who do not actively join indicate their support tacitly as “friends” of the organized “washers”—either via emojis or by participating through seemingly innocuous comments that nevertheless get the job done.

They claim this activity of ‘washing’ is the real ground on which politics is determined today. Their stated argument is that in the current era of social media, ridicule, insults, and harassment are inevitable in politics; therefore, those who cannot face them should not be involved in politics. In other words, in this view, politics dominated by social media seems to reenact Hobbes’”state of nature,” which is “nasty, poor, solitary, brutish, and short,” indicating an unprecedented level to which Sri Lanka’s intellectual culture has descended.

Isn’t it an indictment of academia that the practice of “washing” led by academics comes under serious scrutiny from their academic “friends” on social media, especially in relation to the vocation of intellectuals and their role in politics? Notably, the self-identified intellectual leaders of left populism—some of whom are themselves drawn from academia—circulate within these same social media circles.

What they are trying to protect the government from by silencing their rivals and banishing them from the public arena is a second aragalaya that they and the government seem to firmly believe will build on social media operations if criticism of the government is allowed to spread unabated. Hence, there is the need to somehow suppress criticism while giving the act a veneer of intellectual activity. They are participating in this effort, rallying as both organisations and individuals at different levels.

It needs to be added that while these “washing” activities take place mainly in the medium of Sinhala, related “higher” intellectual content is aired in the English medium as well, mainly in the form of interviews with academics.

Criticising the government from a left political perspective

What has come to be expressed as the essence of this “washing” process is the idea, presented in the form of a theoretical formulation, that when criticising the current government from a leftist political perspective, one should first consider who benefits from it. What it means is that if the current government is criticised from a leftist perspective, it could result in a second aragalaya, leading to the return of those who are currently out of power.

A related question that critics are often asked is this; whom do they see as the leaders of a government that could replace the current government? It is as if citizens should only criticise a government that affects their lives if they have a clear alternative to replace it. It is as if criticism is not something that can be done with the intention of correcting something, or a way to develop an alternative.

This argument rejects the traditional liberal political science argument about bourgeois democracy, which considers holding elections at regular intervals to bring governments to power and changing governments when necessary as positive—which requires accepting as positive the development of a critique of the government in power. Accordingly, it implies that the current government must be kept in power at all costs to prevent the power groups that the people rejected from coming back to power, and that is why the Left should stop criticizing the current government. This is a very strange idea of democracy. It is clearly not the bourgeois liberal democracy we have known so far. So, what kind of democracy is it? As some are wont to do, we can keep on tweaking the term to suit the changing conditions instead of developing a critique in the name of the ideal of democracy. So, what is the new term for what is done with democracy under the new regime? Or, do they think that we have reached an era of post-democracy?

Traditionally, the role of intellectuals and the intelligentsia has been to provide the critical thinking that society needs. But the intellectuals who are engaged in “washing” say that the Left should silence its criticism in order to save the government, and then everything will be fine. Some who support “washing” argue that what the Left should do is not criticize the current government, but push it further to the left. While this argument presumes the government to be Left notwithstanding the Left criticism of it, what it fails to take into account is that one of the reasons the government needs repressive social media forces and “washers” may be that the government is intolerant of criticism that pushes it to the left.

The NPP government came to power by rallying around the NPP organisations and individuals who called themselves liberal, progressive, leftist, radical, etc., outside of the JVP membership. The group that can be called intellectuals among them identified themselves with the NPP through a series of actions—starting from contributing to the work of building the National People’s Power and the formulation of its policies, to taking the leadership of relevant committees at various levels and appearing publicly at various public events of the NPP, even on the election platform. Some of them won the elections on the basis of their identity-based vote blocks or became members of parliament from the national list and even became ministers. Many others, as is customary after an election victory, got themselves appointed to various positions in the government bureaucracy as chairpersons, board/council members, directors, etc., either immediately or later.

Some, whether or not they were appointed, abandoned the critical role they were previously playing in society and have remained silent. Some of them have abandoned the theoretical interventions they were making in the public arena with a view to a “system transformation” until they brought the current government to power, in favour of safe literary or other topics as if the transformation that all those criticisms targeted had been achieved with the coming to power of the current government. Others entered the “washing” business while holding official positions in the current ruling regime. Although not all those involved in the “washing” process are in positions of power, there have been allegations that some of those who are involved without holding positions do so in exchange for payment. Among these groups are those who, traditionally known as independent journalists, are now mostly known as content and/or digital creators, questioning the validity of their claims to represent independent journalism.

Some leftists assume that this will be the last time a left-wing government has come to power in Sri Lanka, and therefore have joined the government believing that they should achieve the maximum good for the people, as if they think that history has ended.

Conclusion: Populism and the treason of intellectuals

In conclusion, returning to the ideology of populism that provided the backdrop for this article, it is relevant to note how some of the key characteristics of populism identified in the literature align with critics’ accounts of the policies followed by the current JVP/NPP government.

At its core, populist ideology presents a dichotomy between a “pure,” idealised conception of the people and a “corrupt” elite. It frames politics as a moral struggle against corruption, seeking to displace the traditional class basis of politics. Being deeply anti-institutional, populism dismisses expert and academic knowledge as elitist.

Driven by a Schmittian logic of friend-versus-enemy politics, populist leaders and the intelligentsia seek to displace the traditional elite, aiming to purge them from politics, academia, and culture with a view to appointing themselves as the new elite.

Populism rejects the democratic state in the name of the people. Political theorist Wendy Brown points out that populism focuses instead on aggressive law and order, statism, and a non-democratic view of liberty—where authority rules, yet individuals claim libertarian freedom.

Globally, populism tends to breed authoritarian leaders who centralise power in the executive branch, stripping judges of their independence and turning elected parliaments into mere rubber stamps. To stay in power, populist movements systematically target checks and balances, the free press, and universities, labeling them as roadblocks against the people’s mandate. Once in control, these regimes use legal gray areas to oppress opposition parties and subvert democracy to ensure they remain in power.

The Treason of the Intellectuals

For the title of my article, I have borrowed the title of a seminal work by the French philosopher and essayist Julien Benda, The Treason of the Intellectuals (1927). Almost a hundred years ago, Benda critiqued the intelligentsia’s betrayal of their vocation as intellectuals, focusing on their abandonment of the Enlightenment ideal of universal humanity. In our case, I would argue that intellectuals have abandoned their vocation in the very name of the “renaissance” and “enlightenment” ideals—or the punarudaya—they claim to stand for, allowing political partisanship to dictate their understanding of the intellectual vocation itself.

In her 2023 book, Nihilistic Times, political theorist Wendy Brown argues that we are living in deeply nihilistic times. Placing this rise in nihilism at the very center of our current political crisis, she warns that it is actively undoing democracy while degrading and confounding both political and academic life. In Brown’s view, nihilism leads to the devaluation of both knowledge and political responsibility—a crisis that is especially clear in academia. She argues that intellectuals have abandoned democracy, the common good, and the pursuit of objective truth, choosing instead to align themselves with whoever holds political or cultural power to serve partisan or authoritarian goals. Ultimately, Brown argues that public intellectuals must act as honest, thoughtful analysts who hold politicians accountable rather than seeking to win their favor. Finally, she issues a direct challenge to left-wing intellectuals to make good on their foundational commitment to true critical thinking.

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Midweek Review

The Road Less Traveled

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Cutting across the brooding greenery,

Of the big city’s outlying wetlands,

That are verily its purifying lungs,

Are roads less traveled and sought,

That teem with Nature’s All,

Beginning with the tiniest forms of life,

To sprawling giants of the wilds,

Not to speak of birds and butterflies,

Rising to the skies in mesmeric flight…

But nature lovers are nowhere in sight,

Except for frolicking young couples,

Whose purses are pinching so much,

That they can’t afford costlier hideouts,

But there’s no denying that our wetlands,

Need to be right away protected,

Lest they win mention in the Red List,

Of earthly beings heading for extinction.

By Lynn Ockersz

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