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The Caste System
by Vijaya Chandrasoma
Sri Lanka has been long considered a caste-blind society on the basis that it is a predominantly Buddhist country, and the Buddha himself denounced the caste system which was the accepted social stratification system in India.
However, the Sinhalese caste system certainly prevails today, perhaps not to the same degree it existed 100 years ago.
Though the significance of castes may depend on social and educational standing, it still plays an important role in matrimony. Personals in today’s newspapers abound with matrimonial advertisements, which, rather like the dating sites of the west, remain the best way to contract a marriage in a country where open and casual dating is still, by and large, frowned upon. And, unlike the dating sites of the west, requirements of race, religion, caste and often horoscopes are almost always specified.
Whether it’s a marriage based on caste, social and financial standing, or other criteria of compatibility; or the “love marriage” preferred by the progressives, the institution remains a crapshoot. The odds of divorce in the west currently stand at even money, because divorce is both easy and subject to no stigma. Divorce in Sri Lanka is rarer, as it has a social infrastructure to hold a marriage together, but the odds of a happy marriage, without divorce entering the equation, are also about even money.
Caste has never been an issue in our family. For those of us in the lower, or horrors of horrors, mixed lower castes, we proudly say that we do not care about caste. Rather like the billionaire who says he does not care about money. Or the lady married to an Adonis who says she doesn’t care for looks.
There is an interesting story about one of my aunts, which may throw some light on the caste system prevalent in Sri Lanka (Ceylon) in the mid-20th century. The social injustice this system represents prevails, to a lesser degree, even today.
My aunt was a most attractive lady, who met a gentleman at the university. They had a romantic relationship, and were planning to get married. There was one huge problem, however. My father was from the Karawa (fisher) caste, while the prospective groom was of the ‘high’ Goyigama (farmer) caste. Or was he even from the so-called aristocratic Radala caste? I don’t know, my knowledge of the caste system is just about non-existent, constrained as it is by an explanation given by my father, which I will relate at the end of this anecdote. They were planning nuptials, without first getting the blessing of the groom’s parents.
When the father of the prospective groom heard about the impending social disaster to his family, he immediately took a train to Hikkaduwa and imperiously told a villager to summon my grandfather to meet him at the railway station. The villager came back with the response from my grandfather, that if the honorable gentleman wishes to meet him, he’s welcome to do so at his residence.
So the noble gentleman humiliated himself by proceeding to my ‘low-caste’ grandfather’s house. Shunning traditional formalities, he told the old man that his son and my aunt were planning on getting married, which was unacceptable because of the difference in caste. To which my grandfather replied, I am sorry, sir, but you must get your son to stop this marriage. I am unable to do so, as I already have agreed to the marriage of my oldest son (my father) to a lady of an even ‘lower’ caste. My mother was of the ‘low’ Durawa caste, traditionally toddy-tappers, a caste I suspect didn’t even make the top ten. So the high-caste gentleman went back to his aristocratic mountains, and prevailed on his son to desist. Which was the end of that romance.
Time went by. My aunt, obviously a glutton for punishment, fell in love with another of these ‘high-caste’ types. His father, too, objected to the marriage, and made the same trek to Hikkaduwa, meeting with the same response from my grandfather.
My grandfather used to break into English when he was excited. So when his daughter came home for her vacation from the university, he exclaimed, “Your second father-in law also came”.
That particular high-caste gentleman disregarded his parents’ objections and married my aunt. Actually, he was a nice guy, and he was trading up. They enjoyed a long and very happy marriage.
My father’s attitude to the caste system is best illustrated by his answer to a question I think my younger brother Praki asked him when he was about seven years old. He said that the kids at school were talking about their castes, and wanted to know to which caste we belonged. My father said, Well, son, your mother is Durawa, I am Karawa, so you must be Jarawa (filth or trash in Sinhala).
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No-confidence motion against Justice Minister should be supported by facts as members’ noise does not establish facts – PM
“Our mandate is to establish the rule of law and restore respect and confidence in Sri Lanka’s justice system”
Prime Minister Dr. Harini Amarasuriya made these remarks in Parliament on Friday [July 24] while pparticipating in the parliamentary debate on the no-confidence motion against the Minister of Justice and National Integration, the Prime Minister emphasized that the Opposition had failed to substantiate its allegations with facts and had instead relied on rhetoric and personal attacks.
The Prime Minister further stated,
“There is no doubt that the incident that occurred on 5 and 6 July was tragic, and the loss of life is unacceptable. It is not something that can be accepted or condoned in any way.
Members of the Opposition must establish, through evidence and facts, how exactly the Minister of Justice and National Integration is solely responsible for what happened, and how his conduct before, during and after the incident amounted to a breach of trust. Noise, personal attacks, venom and rhetoric do not establish facts.
What we are hearing today is a distortion of the truth, misrepresentation of facts, half-truths at best, and a deliberate effort to viciously attack a member of the Cabinet. That does not establish the intent of this no-confidence motion.
The Prime Minister further noted that many of the structural deficiencies within the prison system predated the current administration and had remained unresolved for years.
She noted that longstanding vacancies in the prison service had persisted since 2022 but that the present Government had taken steps to address them.
“During the past year, 695 prison guards have been recruited, a further 190 recruitments are underway, and 18 Assistant Superintendents have been appointed. This is the first time since 2022 that these vacancies have begun to be filled.”
The Prime Minister further emphasized that the reforms undertaken to strengthen the Government Analyst’s Department, including filling vacancies, allocating funds for essential equipment, initiating procurement processes, and reviewing procedures to improve efficiency.
Addressing the need to ensure that the numbers of people in the remand are reduced , the Prime Minister stated legal reforms were already in progress, including amendments to the Poisons and Dangerous Drugs Act, which will soon be presented to Parliament. The Prime Minister stated that, “It is not that the Minister has failed to address these issues. Law reform does not happen overnight. It requires due process, and those processes are well underway.”
The Prime Minister also outlined measures taken by the present Minister of justice and national integration to improve prison conditions, including expanding healthcare services for prisoners and prison staff in collaboration with the Ministry of Health, introducing inpatient and specialized medical services, appointing new healthcare personnel, and improving access to treatment.
In addition, she highlighted rehabilitation initiatives aimed at reducing reoffending, including community rehabilitation programmes and vocational training to equip prisoners with employable skills upon release.
Reaffirming the Government’s commitment to comprehensive justice sector reforms, the Prime Minister further stated,
“Our mandate was to establish the rule of law and restore respect and confidence in Sri Lanka’s justice system.”
Prime Minister Dr. Harini Amarasuriya emphasized that the Government inherited a justice system that had been weakened by years of systemic corruption, institutional inefficiencies, and longstanding structural shortcomings. The Prime Minister further stated,
The task of cleaning up such a corrupted system is not easy. This incident is also needed to understand in that particular context of how the prison system was operated in the past It is this corrupted system that the Minister has been entrusted with the responsibility of cleaning up. This involves investigation within the Institution itself. It is not a easy task. This government has undertaken this difficult challenge.
It is very clear that this opposition so far will not be able to establish any facts that support the motion that they have brought forward. This is rhetorical exercises. This is not about justice system. This is another cheap effort by the opposition to get attention and part of a push back against the very reforms the government and the ministry has been undertaken”.
[Prime Minister’s Media Division]
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Develop a programme to allocate underutilised state land for investment by returning migrant workers – President
President Anura Kumara Dissanayake has instructed the relevant authorities to formulate a programme to allocate underutilized land, together with the necessary project support services, to Sri Lankan migrant workers returning home upon the completion of their overseas employment.
The President issued these instructions during a discussion held on Friday (24) afternoon at the Presidential Secretariat to review the progress of projects implemented under the 2026 budget allocations for the Ministry of Plantation and Community Infrastructure and to consider the Ministry’s proposals for the 2027 Budget.
The meeting included a comprehensive review of the progress of development projects being implemented by the Plantation Sector, the Community Infrastructure Sector and institutions under the State Plantation Companies operating within the Ministry. Discussions also focused on priorities, funding requirements and planned initiatives for 2027.
The meeting also reviewed key plantation sector initiatives being implemented under capital allocations of Rs. 1,081 million, including the estate land surveying programme, the disease management of coconut, the Kapruka Fund, initiatives to increase coconut production and the Northern Coconut Triangle Programme.
President Dissanayake also assessed the progress of ongoing infrastructure development programmes in the plantation sector. The President emphasised the importance of completing the project to construct 10,000 houses for the Malayagam community within the stipulated time-frame and handing them over to the beneficiaries without delay.
The President further noted that weaknesses in the implementation mechanisms for projects financed through foreign grants and loan assistance had resulted in certain allocated funds remaining underutilised or being returned.
President Dissanayake also reviewed the progress of the relief programme implemented to support the replanting of plantation crops, including tea, coconut and rubber that were damaged by the Ditwah disaster situation.
It was revealed during the discussion that the tea, coconut, rubber, cashew and palmyrah sectors, along with plantation infrastructure development activities, have recorded growth and improved profitability this year compared to the previous year. In particular, six state plantation companies, including Elkaduwa Plantations Limited, Kurunegala Plantations Limited, Chilaw Plantations Limited, Sri Lanka State Plantation Corporation, Janatha Estates Development Board and Kalubowitiyana Tea Factory Limited, are making significant progress in increasing their profitability.
Special attention was also given to crop production and related crop improvement programmes implemented by the Tea Research Institute, research and development activities and initiatives launched to support the replanting of smallholder tea plantations.
It was revealed during the discussion that approximately 60,000 hectares of Sri Lanka’s tea cultivation consists of smallholder tea plantations. Of the Rs. 450.06 million allocated in the 2026 Budget for the replanting of smallholder tea plantations, Rs. 155.07 million has already been utilised.
President Dissanayake also reviewed the progress of the 500 Tea Villages Programme implemented under the Tea Small Holdings Development Authority and instructed officials to expedite its completion by integrating the initiative with other rural development programmes, such as “Prajashakthi”, being implemented at the grassroots level.
The meeting also discussed the programme to revitalise rubber cultivation, including the allocation of Rs. 137 million in the 2026 Budget for the Rubber Research Institute, as well as the progress of rubber replanting initiatives and the challenges encountered during implementation.
In addition, discussions focused on the progress of programmes and research activities aimed at developing the coconut industry, enhancing productivity in coconut plantations, promoting new product development, increasing value addition and improving product quality.
The progress of programmes implemented under the Palmyrah Development Board and the Kithul Development Board to strengthen the palmyrah and kithul industries was also reviewed during the discussion.
It was revealed that Sri Lanka is expected to meet 18,000 metric tonnes of its annual cashew requirement of 25,000 metric tonnes this year, marking a significant increase compared to the previous year. The meeting also discussed the potential to expand cashew cultivation across approximately 15,000 hectares in the Northern and Eastern Provinces.
The progress of ongoing efforts to consolidate institutions within the plantation sector and the implementation of Cabinet decisions relating to non-commercial government-owned institutions were also reviewed. The meeting further discussed the need to update agreements entered into by previous governments when allocating lands to companies. Emphasising the importance of establishing stronger agreements regarding State-owned land allocations, President Dissanayake instructed that a committee be appointed through the Ministry of Finance to examine and address these matters.
The President also instructed officials to explore the possibility of offering courses conducted by the National Institute of Plantation Management through universities, in consultation with relevant higher education institutions.
Among those present were Minister of Plantation and Community Infrastructure Samantha Vidyarathna, Minister of Labour and Deputy Minister of Finance and Planning Anil Jayantha Fernando, Deputy Minister of Plantation and Community Infrastructure Sundaralingam Pradeep, Secretary to the President Dr. Nandika Sanath Kumanayake, Chief of Presidential Staff Prabath Chandrakeerthi, Senior Additional Secretaries to the President Russell Aponso and Kapila Janaka Bandara, Secretary to the Ministry of Finance, Planning and Economic Development Dr .Harshana Suriyapperuma and Secretary to the Ministry of Plantation and Community Infrastructure Gunadasa Samarasinghe. Chairpersons, Director Generals and senior officials of institutions under the Ministry of Plantation and Community Infrastructure also participated in the discussion.
[PMD]
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New Chairman and Members appointed to Delimitation Commission
President Anura Kumara Dissanayake has appointed M. K. Saman Sri Ratnayake as the new Chairman and a member of the Delimitation Commission.
M. B. Rohana Pushpakumara and K. Thavalingam have been appointed as the other members of the Commission.
The relevant letters of appointment were presented to them by Secretary to the President Dr Nandika Sanath Kumanayake at the Presidential Secretariat on Friday (24) afternoon .
The appointments have been made to fill the vacancies that arose following the expiry of the terms of office of the members of the Delimitation Commission.
[PMD]
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