Features
Sri Lanka’s post-pandemic education
by Dr Tara de Mel
After being in limbo for many months, due to the pandemic, which shuttered all schools in March 2020, primary students started trickling into classes last week. These are indicators of a system gradually limping back to normalcy. Sri Lanka is one of last countries in the world to recommence school education, post-pandemic. Similarly, it was one of the last to commence teacher-student vaccinations. Thankfully, both are on track now.
During the recent school closures, less than 45% of school students had access to some form of internet-based education. This was usually through PDF notes on WhatsApp, or online classes, via zoom, using parents’ feature phones or tabs, or rarely through computers and laptops. But that, too, came to a grinding halt in July 2021 when teachers launched trade union action. This left students without any form of education and those with funds, at the mercy of private tuition masters.
We still don’t know how many students dropped out of school during this pandemic. Even before 2020, out of about 340,000 students who enter school at Grade One, only about 200,000 applied for the GCE A/L at the end of the school years. Indicating that about 140,000 either drop out of school education, or a small proportion join vocational training courses, or fewer opt for private education. In 2020, the net enrolment rates in primary education was 98.5% and secondary education 92%, as per the School Census 1. More boys drop out after Grade Six and 14% of students do not complete 11 years of schooling. In 2015, 34% left the schooling system after the GCE O/L at 14-15 years. Given this data, it’s likely that the pandemic led to a significant number leaving school, never to return.
At a recent webinar organised by the Worldwide Commission to Educate All Kids, post-pandemic 2. it was shown that India had more than a million students ousted from formal schooling, with some girls pushed into early marriage. Whereas China kept schools open for a large part of the pandemic, and clearly will have a leg up in post pandemic recovery, economically and socially.
Most developed countries in the East and West planned school reopening well ahead and prepared very early for assessing student learning deficits. They trained teachers for catch-up learning in small groups, relieved students of examination pressure, and didn’t overburden students when they returned to school. Countries with Compulsory Education legislation in place, swiftly ensured implementation, no sooner the pandemic started to abate.
Even as we see a semblance of normalcy returning to our pandemic-battered education system, Sri Lanka has some major issues to deal with.
First of all, authorities at the Centre and in the Provinces, should ensure that no student is left behind when all Grades in all schools reopen in a few weeks. Within the free education system, we have an excellent regional education administration system which would enable Divisional Education Directors and Zonal Directors to work with Grama Niladari divisions, at village level, to motivate parents to send children to school. The Compulsory Education Act should be implemented completely in spirit. Families in which children are most likely to drop out of school would be those in lower socio-economic groups where children may join parents’ livelihoods. Such families should be especially visited and parents encouraged to send children to school.
Second, late as it may be, teachers should be guided on how to start teaching-learning in a Grade-appropriate manner, so that students who have had zero education these past months won’t feel left out. Allow teachers to innovate during this post pandemic period and not be shackled by the eternal drive towards covering syllabuses. Emphasis on empathy, and understanding are a must, remembering that over 45% of students did not have any education at all for nearly 20 months. Our teachers are a valuable resource and can become very creative when the situation demands. It’s up to the authorities to motivate, encourage and incentivise them.
Third, teachers themselves have been victims of injustice and ridicule for the past several months. Antagonism, insensitivity and scant respect for this important group of the Sri Lankan Public Service speaks volumes on how the subject of education is ‘prioritised’ in a national agenda. We spend less than 2% of the GDP on education – perhaps the lowest in South Asia. We pay our teachers the least, from amongst all South Asian countries. The annual teacher salary as a percentage of GDP per capita in Sri Lanka is less than 1.0% as opposed to India (2.3), Bangladesh (2.3), Nepal (2.8), Pakistan (1.9). It’s still not too late to rectify gross salary anomalies and recognise teachers’ invaluable service, and reward them appropriately in the forthcoming Budget.
Fourth, students should be given ample notice and space for preparation for the main three national exams. The examination schedule for 2022 should be clearly and unambiguously published soon, and not changed haphazardly, at whim.
Finally, the Government should understand the gravity of the consequences of the country’s student population shut out of school for nearly 20 months. This should be dealt with the seriousness it deserves. Sri Lanka should join the chorus of educationists and global leaders who are now championing that schools should never be closed again, except in extreme natural disasters or when a nation is at full war.
It is not just a moral obligation but a strategic imperative for every country to implement fully, the slogan: no child should be left behind.
1. School Census, 2020, Department of Census and Statistics
2. https://www.theglobeandmail.com/opinion/article-canadas-post-pandemic-future-turns-on-excellent-in-education/
Features
US’ drastic aid cut to UN poses moral challenge to world
‘Adapt, shrink or die’ – thus runs the warning issued by the Trump administration to UN humanitarian agencies with brute insensitivity in the wake of its recent decision to drastically reduce to $2bn its humanitarian aid to the UN system. This is a substantial climb down from the $17bn the US usually provided to the UN for its humanitarian operations.
Considering that the US has hitherto been the UN’s biggest aid provider, it need hardly be said that the US decision would pose a daunting challenge to the UN’s humanitarian operations around the world. This would indeed mean that, among other things, people living in poverty and stifling material hardships, in particularly the Southern hemisphere, could dramatically increase. Coming on top of the US decision to bring to an end USAID operations, the poor of the world could be said to have been left to their devices as a consequence of these morally insensitive policy rethinks of the Trump administration.
Earlier, the UN had warned that it would be compelled to reduce its aid programs in the face of ‘the deepest funding cuts ever.’ In fact the UN is on record as requesting the world for $23bn for its 2026 aid operations.
If this UN appeal happens to go unheeded, the possibilities are that the UN would not be in a position to uphold the status it has hitherto held as the world’s foremost humanitarian aid provider. It would not be incorrect to state that a substantial part of the rationale for the UN’s existence could come in for questioning if its humanitarian identity is thus eroded.
Inherent in these developments is a challenge for those sections of the international community that wish to stand up and be counted as humanists and the ‘Conscience of the World.’ A responsibility is cast on them to not only keep the UN system going but to also ensure its increased efficiency as a humanitarian aid provider to particularly the poorest of the poor.
It is unfortunate that the US is increasingly opting for a position of international isolation. Such a policy position was adopted by it in the decades leading to World War Two and the consequences for the world as a result for this policy posture were most disquieting. For instance, it opened the door to the flourishing of dictatorial regimes in the West, such as that led by Adolph Hitler in Germany, which nearly paved the way for the subjugation of a good part of Europe by the Nazis.
If the US had not intervened militarily in the war on the side of the Allies, the West would have faced the distressing prospect of coming under the sway of the Nazis and as a result earned indefinite political and military repression. By entering World War Two the US helped to ward off these bleak outcomes and indeed helped the major democracies of Western Europe to hold their own and thrive against fascism and dictatorial rule.
Republican administrations in the US in particular have not proved the greatest defenders of democratic rule the world over, but by helping to keep the international power balance in favour of democracy and fundamental human rights they could keep under a tight leash fascism and linked anti-democratic forces even in contemporary times. Russia’s invasion and continued occupation of parts of Ukraine reminds us starkly that the democracy versus fascism battle is far from over.
Right now, the US needs to remain on the side of the rest of the West very firmly, lest fascism enjoys another unfettered lease of life through the absence of countervailing and substantial military and political power.
However, by reducing its financial support for the UN and backing away from sustaining its humanitarian programs the world over the US could be laying the ground work for an aggravation of poverty in the South in particular and its accompaniments, such as, political repression, runaway social discontent and anarchy.
What should not go unnoticed by the US is the fact that peace and social stability in the South and the flourishing of the same conditions in the global North are symbiotically linked, although not so apparent at first blush. For instance, if illegal migration from the South to the US is a major problem for the US today, it is because poor countries are not receiving development assistance from the UN system to the required degree. Such deprivation on the part of the South leads to aggravating social discontent in the latter and consequences such as illegal migratory movements from South to North.
Accordingly, it will be in the North’s best interests to ensure that the South is not deprived of sustained development assistance since the latter is an essential condition for social contentment and stable governance, which factors in turn would guard against the emergence of phenomena such as illegal migration.
Meanwhile, democratic sections of the rest of the world in particular need to consider it a matter of conscience to ensure the sustenance and flourishing of the UN system. To be sure, the UN system is considerably flawed but at present it could be called the most equitable and fair among international development organizations and the most far-flung one. Without it world poverty would have proved unmanageable along with the ills that come along with it.
Dehumanizing poverty is an indictment on humanity. It stands to reason that the world community should rally round the UN and ensure its survival lest the abomination which is poverty flourishes. In this undertaking the world needs to stand united. Ambiguities on this score could be self-defeating for the world community.
For example, all groupings of countries that could demonstrate economic muscle need to figure prominently in this initiative. One such grouping is BRICS. Inasmuch as the US and the West should shrug aside Realpolitik considerations in this enterprise, the same goes for organizations such as BRICS.
The arrival at the above international consensus would be greatly facilitated by stepped up dialogue among states on the continued importance of the UN system. Fresh efforts to speed-up UN reform would prove major catalysts in bringing about these positive changes as well. Also requiring to be shunned is the blind pursuit of narrow national interests.
Features
Egg white scene …
Hi! Great to be back after my Christmas break.
Thought of starting this week with egg white.
Yes, eggs are brimming with nutrients beneficial for your overall health and wellness, but did you know that eggs, especially the whites, are excellent for your complexion?
OK, if you have no idea about how to use egg whites for your face, read on.
Egg White, Lemon, Honey:
Separate the yolk from the egg white and add about a teaspoon of freshly squeezed lemon juice and about one and a half teaspoons of organic honey. Whisk all the ingredients together until they are mixed well.
Apply this mixture to your face and allow it to rest for about 15 minutes before cleansing your face with a gentle face wash.
Don’t forget to apply your favourite moisturiser, after using this face mask, to help seal in all the goodness.
Egg White, Avocado:
In a clean mixing bowl, start by mashing the avocado, until it turns into a soft, lump-free paste, and then add the whites of one egg, a teaspoon of yoghurt and mix everything together until it looks like a creamy paste.
Apply this mixture all over your face and neck area, and leave it on for about 20 to 30 minutes before washing it off with cold water and a gentle face wash.
Egg White, Cucumber, Yoghurt:
In a bowl, add one egg white, one teaspoon each of yoghurt, fresh cucumber juice and organic honey. Mix all the ingredients together until it forms a thick paste.
Apply this paste all over your face and neck area and leave it on for at least 20 minutes and then gently rinse off this face mask with lukewarm water and immediately follow it up with a gentle and nourishing moisturiser.
Egg White, Aloe Vera, Castor Oil:
To the egg white, add about a teaspoon each of aloe vera gel and castor oil and then mix all the ingredients together and apply it all over your face and neck area in a thin, even layer.
Leave it on for about 20 minutes and wash it off with a gentle face wash and some cold water. Follow it up with your favourite moisturiser.
Features
Confusion cropping up with Ne-Yo in the spotlight
Superlatives galore were used, especially on social media, to highlight R&B singer Ne-Yo’s trip to Sri Lanka: Global superstar Ne-Yo to perform live in Colombo this December; Ne-Yo concert puts Sri Lanka back on the global entertainment map; A global music sensation is coming to Sri Lanka … and there were lots more!
At an official press conference, held at a five-star venue, in Colombo, it was indicated that the gathering marked a defining moment for Sri Lanka’s entertainment industry as international R&B powerhouse and three-time Grammy Award winner Ne-Yo prepares to take the stage in Colombo this December.
What’s more, the occasion was graced by the presence of Sunil Kumara Gamage, Minister of Sports & Youth Affairs of Sri Lanka, and Professor Ruwan Ranasinghe, Deputy Minister of Tourism, alongside distinguished dignitaries, sponsors, and members of the media.
According to reports, the concert had received the official endorsement of the Sri Lanka Tourism Promotion Bureau, recognising it as a flagship initiative in developing the country’s concert economy by attracting fans, and media, from all over South Asia.
However, I had that strange feeling that this concert would not become a reality, keeping in mind what happened to Nick Carter’s Colombo concert – cancelled at the very last moment.
Carter issued a video message announcing he had to return to the USA due to “unforeseen circumstances” and a “family emergency”.
Though “unforeseen circumstances” was the official reason provided by Carter and the local organisers, there was speculation that low ticket sales may also have been a factor in the cancellation.
Well, “Unforeseen Circumstances” has cropped up again!
In a brief statement, via social media, the organisers of the Ne-Yo concert said the decision was taken due to “unforeseen circumstances and factors beyond their control.”
Ne-Yo, too, subsequently made an announcement, citing “Unforeseen circumstances.”
The public has a right to know what these “unforeseen circumstances” are, and who is to be blamed – the organisers or Ne-Yo!
Ne-Yo’s management certainly need to come out with the truth.
However, those who are aware of some of the happenings in the setup here put it down to poor ticket sales, mentioning that the tickets for the concert, and a meet-and-greet event, were exorbitantly high, considering that Ne-Yo is not a current mega star.
We also had a cancellation coming our way from Shah Rukh Khan, who was scheduled to visit Sri Lanka for the City of Dreams resort launch, and then this was received: “Unfortunately due to unforeseen personal reasons beyond his control, Mr. Khan is no longer able to attend.”
Referring to this kind of mess up, a leading showbiz personality said that it will only make people reluctant to buy their tickets, online.
“Tickets will go mostly at the gate and it will be very bad for the industry,” he added.
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