Features
Sri Lanka must celebrate Republic Day, as India does
by Prof. Tissa Vitarana
May 22nd should be one of the most important days to be commemorated in the history of Sri Lanka. It is the day in 1972 on which we became a Republic, a completely independent sovereign nation. But why is it, that unlike India which has done so since 1951, we do not celebrate Republic Day? Like Sri Lanka, India also celebrates Independence Day, but on a separate day each year with equal pomp and splendour. After nearly 450 years of being a colony under the Portuguese, the Dutch and finally the British, (roughly 150 years each), formal independence was received from the British in 1948. But this was only a sham, being Dominian Status within which we remained a semi-colony.
The British monarch continued to be the head of state, the military power remained with the British, and the Judiciary too remained in British hands as the Privy Council in the UK was the final Court of Appeal. Sri Lanka neither became sovereign nor independent, but we celebrate February 4th as National Independence Day.India too got formal independence from Britain in 1947, but the national minded Indian capitalist class did not want to be subordinate to the British capitalist class and fully supported the Congress Party (led by Gandhi and Nehru) and the Media to mobilize the masses to struggle against British rule, creating a climate that enabled Dr. Ambedkar to draft the Republican Constitution in 3 short years. The LSSP which was fighting against British rule in Sri Lanka was banned and its leaders like NM, Colvin, Philip and Edmund were jailed. They broke jail to join Leslie, Vivienne and Bernard in India to form an underground party, the BLPI, which joined the Congress Socialist Party, to support the Indian mass struggle (and they were jailed in India too), in the certainty that if India got Independence Sri Lanka too would also gain independence because of the resistance that the LSSP would successfully organize.
It took Sri Lanka 24 long years to become a Republic, because it had to overcome many obstacles. The local comprador forces led by the UNP, backed by Britain and the effort to unify a people divided due to communal differences were chief among them. The UNP retained Governmental power for 19 years (out of the 24 years) by forming compradorist governments by fair means or foul (bribery, corruption, thuggery, election manipulation and misinformation) and this was one of the main reasons for the delay in becoming a Republic. Thus the Republican Constitution was drafted by Dr.Colvin R. de Silva in 1972, as the Minister of Constitutional Affairs in the SLFP/LSSP/CP Coalition Government of 1970. To effectively sever the umbilical cord that tied Sri Lanka to Britain Colvin set up a separate Constituent Assembly that sat for two years entertaining all political opinions, as well as representations from the people. This highly democratic process was reflected in the fact that in his Constitution, sovereignty was vested in the people. Thereby the people gained supreme power, and anyone could become even the head of state. e.g. Premadasa and Sirisena were able to become Presidents. In fact, Colvin had to make many compromises (Sinhala only, a non-secular state etc.), and overcome strong opposition from various political quarters, some expected, some unexpected, before completing his task in 1972. As a Minister he played a key role in the nationalization of British owned plantations and in the land reform limiting holdings to 50 acres so that the balance could be divided among the landless poor.
UNP wanted to retain the comprador features of the Soulbury Constitution which would facilitate Sri Lanka’s continued exploitation by the British capitalist class while getting commissions and other benefits for their loyalty to the UK. Colvin as a leader of the LSSP and the working people was seen as a threat. They did everything possible to impede his task. Under the Soulbury Constitution, the legacy of British rule was continued with an appointed Governor General who represented the British Monarch as Head of State. Two Britishers Moore (1948-49) and Lord Soulbury (1949-54) followed by two Sri Lankans Oliver Goonetilleke (1954-62) and William Gopallawa (1962-72) maintained the tradition. Colvin had to break these traditions and he did so by having a two year Constitutional Assembly which met outside Parliament in the Navarangahala to draft the new Republican Constitution. The Governor-General was replaced by a Sri Lankan President. The 1972 Constitution vested sovereignty in the people through an elected Parliament, which chose the Prime Minister as its head. The Senate which strengthened the power of the capitalist government was abolished. The LSSP, backed by the CP and progressives in the SLFP was able to take the SLFP/LSSP/CP Coalition Government on an anti-imperialist and anti-capitalist path.Backed by the USA, the UNP with ample funds won the 1977 General Elections and used every means, fair and foul, to break the will of the people and the unity of the progressive coalition. The local capitalist class feared the empowerment of the people and led by J. R. Jayewardene, through the 1978 Constitution all power was vested in an Executive President, himself. Power was transferred from a Parliament elected by the people who had Legislative and Executive powers, to one individual the Executive President. JR manipulated the election and got himself elected as the President. He boasted that apart from changing a man to a woman and vice versa he had complete power. The Executive Presidency together with the creation of large district-based electorate ensured that political parties backed by large amounts of funds would be able to elect the all-powerful Executive President. Thus, power once again became he preserve of the capitalist class, be it comprador or national.
In the name of Dr. Colvin R. de Silva, one of the five best political leaders that the country has produced, I appeal to the Government to celebrate May 22nd each year as the Republic Day and draft a new Constitution that includes many of the principles that Colvin wanted but had to exclude. He wanted devolution of power to go down to benefit the people at village level through the ‘GRAMA RAJ’ system, so as to empower the people. He also wanted a strong Cooperative Movement, that would eliminate the exploitation by the middleman, so that prices could be controlled. He wanted Workers Advisory Councils to ensure correct functioning of workplaces. The future Constitution must ensure that we retain “two languages as one people”, for saying which at a meeting a bomb was thrown at him. A comrade lost his arm to save Colvin.
Features
US’ drastic aid cut to UN poses moral challenge to world
‘Adapt, shrink or die’ – thus runs the warning issued by the Trump administration to UN humanitarian agencies with brute insensitivity in the wake of its recent decision to drastically reduce to $2bn its humanitarian aid to the UN system. This is a substantial climb down from the $17bn the US usually provided to the UN for its humanitarian operations.
Considering that the US has hitherto been the UN’s biggest aid provider, it need hardly be said that the US decision would pose a daunting challenge to the UN’s humanitarian operations around the world. This would indeed mean that, among other things, people living in poverty and stifling material hardships, in particularly the Southern hemisphere, could dramatically increase. Coming on top of the US decision to bring to an end USAID operations, the poor of the world could be said to have been left to their devices as a consequence of these morally insensitive policy rethinks of the Trump administration.
Earlier, the UN had warned that it would be compelled to reduce its aid programs in the face of ‘the deepest funding cuts ever.’ In fact the UN is on record as requesting the world for $23bn for its 2026 aid operations.
If this UN appeal happens to go unheeded, the possibilities are that the UN would not be in a position to uphold the status it has hitherto held as the world’s foremost humanitarian aid provider. It would not be incorrect to state that a substantial part of the rationale for the UN’s existence could come in for questioning if its humanitarian identity is thus eroded.
Inherent in these developments is a challenge for those sections of the international community that wish to stand up and be counted as humanists and the ‘Conscience of the World.’ A responsibility is cast on them to not only keep the UN system going but to also ensure its increased efficiency as a humanitarian aid provider to particularly the poorest of the poor.
It is unfortunate that the US is increasingly opting for a position of international isolation. Such a policy position was adopted by it in the decades leading to World War Two and the consequences for the world as a result for this policy posture were most disquieting. For instance, it opened the door to the flourishing of dictatorial regimes in the West, such as that led by Adolph Hitler in Germany, which nearly paved the way for the subjugation of a good part of Europe by the Nazis.
If the US had not intervened militarily in the war on the side of the Allies, the West would have faced the distressing prospect of coming under the sway of the Nazis and as a result earned indefinite political and military repression. By entering World War Two the US helped to ward off these bleak outcomes and indeed helped the major democracies of Western Europe to hold their own and thrive against fascism and dictatorial rule.
Republican administrations in the US in particular have not proved the greatest defenders of democratic rule the world over, but by helping to keep the international power balance in favour of democracy and fundamental human rights they could keep under a tight leash fascism and linked anti-democratic forces even in contemporary times. Russia’s invasion and continued occupation of parts of Ukraine reminds us starkly that the democracy versus fascism battle is far from over.
Right now, the US needs to remain on the side of the rest of the West very firmly, lest fascism enjoys another unfettered lease of life through the absence of countervailing and substantial military and political power.
However, by reducing its financial support for the UN and backing away from sustaining its humanitarian programs the world over the US could be laying the ground work for an aggravation of poverty in the South in particular and its accompaniments, such as, political repression, runaway social discontent and anarchy.
What should not go unnoticed by the US is the fact that peace and social stability in the South and the flourishing of the same conditions in the global North are symbiotically linked, although not so apparent at first blush. For instance, if illegal migration from the South to the US is a major problem for the US today, it is because poor countries are not receiving development assistance from the UN system to the required degree. Such deprivation on the part of the South leads to aggravating social discontent in the latter and consequences such as illegal migratory movements from South to North.
Accordingly, it will be in the North’s best interests to ensure that the South is not deprived of sustained development assistance since the latter is an essential condition for social contentment and stable governance, which factors in turn would guard against the emergence of phenomena such as illegal migration.
Meanwhile, democratic sections of the rest of the world in particular need to consider it a matter of conscience to ensure the sustenance and flourishing of the UN system. To be sure, the UN system is considerably flawed but at present it could be called the most equitable and fair among international development organizations and the most far-flung one. Without it world poverty would have proved unmanageable along with the ills that come along with it.
Dehumanizing poverty is an indictment on humanity. It stands to reason that the world community should rally round the UN and ensure its survival lest the abomination which is poverty flourishes. In this undertaking the world needs to stand united. Ambiguities on this score could be self-defeating for the world community.
For example, all groupings of countries that could demonstrate economic muscle need to figure prominently in this initiative. One such grouping is BRICS. Inasmuch as the US and the West should shrug aside Realpolitik considerations in this enterprise, the same goes for organizations such as BRICS.
The arrival at the above international consensus would be greatly facilitated by stepped up dialogue among states on the continued importance of the UN system. Fresh efforts to speed-up UN reform would prove major catalysts in bringing about these positive changes as well. Also requiring to be shunned is the blind pursuit of narrow national interests.
Features
Egg white scene …
Hi! Great to be back after my Christmas break.
Thought of starting this week with egg white.
Yes, eggs are brimming with nutrients beneficial for your overall health and wellness, but did you know that eggs, especially the whites, are excellent for your complexion?
OK, if you have no idea about how to use egg whites for your face, read on.
Egg White, Lemon, Honey:
Separate the yolk from the egg white and add about a teaspoon of freshly squeezed lemon juice and about one and a half teaspoons of organic honey. Whisk all the ingredients together until they are mixed well.
Apply this mixture to your face and allow it to rest for about 15 minutes before cleansing your face with a gentle face wash.
Don’t forget to apply your favourite moisturiser, after using this face mask, to help seal in all the goodness.
Egg White, Avocado:
In a clean mixing bowl, start by mashing the avocado, until it turns into a soft, lump-free paste, and then add the whites of one egg, a teaspoon of yoghurt and mix everything together until it looks like a creamy paste.
Apply this mixture all over your face and neck area, and leave it on for about 20 to 30 minutes before washing it off with cold water and a gentle face wash.
Egg White, Cucumber, Yoghurt:
In a bowl, add one egg white, one teaspoon each of yoghurt, fresh cucumber juice and organic honey. Mix all the ingredients together until it forms a thick paste.
Apply this paste all over your face and neck area and leave it on for at least 20 minutes and then gently rinse off this face mask with lukewarm water and immediately follow it up with a gentle and nourishing moisturiser.
Egg White, Aloe Vera, Castor Oil:
To the egg white, add about a teaspoon each of aloe vera gel and castor oil and then mix all the ingredients together and apply it all over your face and neck area in a thin, even layer.
Leave it on for about 20 minutes and wash it off with a gentle face wash and some cold water. Follow it up with your favourite moisturiser.
Features
Confusion cropping up with Ne-Yo in the spotlight
Superlatives galore were used, especially on social media, to highlight R&B singer Ne-Yo’s trip to Sri Lanka: Global superstar Ne-Yo to perform live in Colombo this December; Ne-Yo concert puts Sri Lanka back on the global entertainment map; A global music sensation is coming to Sri Lanka … and there were lots more!
At an official press conference, held at a five-star venue, in Colombo, it was indicated that the gathering marked a defining moment for Sri Lanka’s entertainment industry as international R&B powerhouse and three-time Grammy Award winner Ne-Yo prepares to take the stage in Colombo this December.
What’s more, the occasion was graced by the presence of Sunil Kumara Gamage, Minister of Sports & Youth Affairs of Sri Lanka, and Professor Ruwan Ranasinghe, Deputy Minister of Tourism, alongside distinguished dignitaries, sponsors, and members of the media.
According to reports, the concert had received the official endorsement of the Sri Lanka Tourism Promotion Bureau, recognising it as a flagship initiative in developing the country’s concert economy by attracting fans, and media, from all over South Asia.
However, I had that strange feeling that this concert would not become a reality, keeping in mind what happened to Nick Carter’s Colombo concert – cancelled at the very last moment.
Carter issued a video message announcing he had to return to the USA due to “unforeseen circumstances” and a “family emergency”.
Though “unforeseen circumstances” was the official reason provided by Carter and the local organisers, there was speculation that low ticket sales may also have been a factor in the cancellation.
Well, “Unforeseen Circumstances” has cropped up again!
In a brief statement, via social media, the organisers of the Ne-Yo concert said the decision was taken due to “unforeseen circumstances and factors beyond their control.”
Ne-Yo, too, subsequently made an announcement, citing “Unforeseen circumstances.”
The public has a right to know what these “unforeseen circumstances” are, and who is to be blamed – the organisers or Ne-Yo!
Ne-Yo’s management certainly need to come out with the truth.
However, those who are aware of some of the happenings in the setup here put it down to poor ticket sales, mentioning that the tickets for the concert, and a meet-and-greet event, were exorbitantly high, considering that Ne-Yo is not a current mega star.
We also had a cancellation coming our way from Shah Rukh Khan, who was scheduled to visit Sri Lanka for the City of Dreams resort launch, and then this was received: “Unfortunately due to unforeseen personal reasons beyond his control, Mr. Khan is no longer able to attend.”
Referring to this kind of mess up, a leading showbiz personality said that it will only make people reluctant to buy their tickets, online.
“Tickets will go mostly at the gate and it will be very bad for the industry,” he added.
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