Features
‘Spread Awareness, Stop Resistance’
World Antimicrobial Awareness Week – 18th to 24th Nov. 2021
by Dr. Kavindya Marapana
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) has become a global health and developmental threat. World Health Organization (WHO) has declared it as one of the top 10 global public health problems facing humanity, and at the same time it has also shown to have a major impact on animal, plant and environmental health. The misuse and overuse of the drugs are the main causes of this problem, and awareness as well as proper actions by the stakeholders including policymakers, healthcare providers and the general public, is of utmost importance to combat this threat.
As the world marks the “World Antimicrobial Awareness Week”, two experts on the field, Dr. Primali Jayasekara, Consultant Medical Mycologist at the Medical Research Institute, Colombo, and Dr. Madumanee Abeygunawardane, Consultant Microbiologist at National Hospital Kandy, share their expertise on antimicrobial resistance, in a brief discussion.
Q: What is the significance of World Antimicrobial Awareness Week (WAAW)?
WAAW is a global campaign, held annually since 2015, which aims to raise awareness of antimicrobial resistance worldwide and encourages best practices among the general public, health workers and policymakers to slow the development and spread of drug-resistant infections.
This year, the WHO has declared the period from 18th to 24th November, 2021, as Antimicrobial Awareness Week with the theme, “Spread Awareness, Stop Resistance”.
Previously named ‘World Antibiotic Awareness Week’, it was changed in 2020 to ‘World Antimicrobial Awareness Week’ as it will reflect the broadened scope of the theme to include all antimicrobials including antibiotics, antifungals, antiparasitics and antivirals.
Q: What are antimicrobials?
Antimicrobials are medicines that are used to prevent and treat infections in humans, animals and plants which include antibiotics, antivirals, antifungals and antiparasitics.
Q: What is Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR), and how does it occur?
Antimicrobial resistance occurs when bacteria, viruses, fungi and parasites change over time, usually through genetic changes, and no longer respond to the drugs. The misuse and overuse of antimicrobials in humans, animals and plants are the main drivers in the development of drug-resistant infections.
Q: Why is Antimicrobial resistance a major concern?
Antibiotics are becoming increasingly ineffective as drug-resistance spreads globally making treatment of infections harder. It increases the risk of disease spread, severe illness and even death, following any common infection.
Currently, we observe the treatment of bacterial infections including urinary tract infections, pneumonia and sepsis becoming difficult with high rates of resistance against antibiotics in all the hospitals of Sri Lanka. Bacteria like Klebsiella pneumonia Acinetobacter spp have become major causes of hospital-acquired infections such as pneumonia, bloodstream infections, and infections in newborns and intensive-care unit patients. We are observing such bacterial organisms becoming resistant to all antibiotics available in Sri Lanka, leaving no option to save lives of the patients with such infections.
Q: How does it affect the healthcare and economy of our country?
The cost of AMR to the economy is significant. In addition to death and disability, which is irreversible, prolonged illness results in longer hospital stays, the need for more expensive medicines and financial challenges for those affected. Being a developing country with the majority of the people depending on free healthcare services, the additional cost it entails is significant.
Without effective antimicrobials, the success of modern medicine such as organ transplants and cancer treatment (chemotherapy) would be impossible with no option to manage infections.
Raising public awareness of antimicrobials can help reduce the misuse of them and slow resistance emergence as a result.
Q: What is the role the public can play in preventing AMR?
It is important to make the public well aware that no antibiotic can cure viral infections including COVID-19. Besides, the consumption of antibiotics without any indication can be harmful.
Other practices which contribute to the emergence of antimicrobial resistance are as follows:
Self-treatment with antibiotics by getting antibiotics over the counter for common colds, diarrhoea, sore throat and chronic wounds.
Incompletion of the antibiotic course (stopping when clinically feeling better).
Reducing the dose, expecting to reduce side-effects.
Sharing antibiotics with family members with similar symptoms.
We need to know that cough and cold, sore throat and diarrhoea are most of the time caused by viruses and they are self-limited. And even for a bacterial infection, it is very important to take the correct dose of antibiotic at the correct time for the correct duration for cure and to avoid the emergence of resistance. A very common example is that many people suffer from urinary tract infections caused by resistant bacteria as a result of not completing the course of antibiotics during the previous episodes.
It is strongly advised to take antibiotics only when a qualified Medical Officer prescribes them.
The emergence of resistance can be slowed by using antibiotics correctly only when indicated, and we can save antibiotics for future.
Q: What is the danger of drug-resistant fungal infections?
Resistance to antifungals is a mounting global public health threat. Existing antifungal drugs are often associated with important negative side effects. Besides, a few new drugs are under development.
Fungal infections also frequently complicate other illnesses. This was most recently illustrated by the devastating impact of mucormycosis (Black Fungus) and invasive aspergillosis during the COVID-19 pandemic.
The prevalence of drug-resistant fungal infections is increasing and exacerbating the already difficult treatment situations. Many fungal infections have existing treatability issues such as toxicity especially for patients with other underlying infections (e. g. HIV). Drug-resistant Candida auris, one of the most common invasive fungal infections, is already widespread with increasing resistance reported to commonly used antifungal drugs and emerging resistance to other newer antifungal drugs.
This is leading to more difficulty treating fungal infections, treatment failures, longer hospital stays and much more expensive diagnostic and treatment options.
The world urgently needs to change the way it prescribes and uses antimicrobials. Even if new medicines are developed, we will not be able to keep up with the development of resistance as long as our practices are not changed. Without urgent action, we are heading towards a post-antibiotic era, in which common infections and minor injuries can once again cause death. Therefore, all of us at all levels are responsible for doing our part to save the antimicrobials for the future.
Features
The hard challenge of clinching a political settlement in the Middle East
Despite some sections of the Trump administration persisting with the view that the possibility could not be entirely ruled out of there being a diplomatic solution to the current US-Iran hostilities in West Asia, the skeptic could not be blamed for thinking otherwise. The intensity, scale and frequency of the tit-for-tat strikes by the antagonists over the past few days against selected military targets and civilian infrastructure in particular in West Asia make the adoption of this stance excusable.
The continuing hostilities render the mentioning of the MOU signed between the warring parties in mid-June a laughable matter. While it could very well be that the foes are wishing privately for a cessation of hostilities before long, what seems to be uppermost on their minds right now is to negotiate with each other from a position of strength. This strategy compels them to incapacitate each other militarily to the extent possible, lest they have to concede too much to each other during negotiations. Hence the stepped-up hostilities.
However, even on the question of there being a negotiated political settlement in the West Asian theatre in the longer term, the skeptic could come to be seen as scoring over the optimist. Developments on the ground account for this.
At the time of writing Israel’s Netanyahu government is going ahead in fairly care-free fashion with the establishment of more Jewish settlements in the Gaza and the West Bank, and it’s all happening under the apparently complacent gaze of the US. In fact, some quarters estimate that Israel is in control of some 65% of the Gaza Strip. Ethnic cleansing, that is, is being drastically stepped-up.
Accordingly, in terms of the power relations of West Asia, the world is almost back to the status quo of the late forties of the last century when the state of Israel was established and the Palestinians were reduced to a microscopic minority in the land they came to inhabit. Therefore, even the impartial observer would be compelled to ask: ‘Will a negotiated peace be ever possible in the Middle East?’
The humanist in the observer would prefer to answer this question in the affirmative and it is indeed the ideal stance to adopt considering the staggering human and material costs of the conflict. But the way ahead to peace could be expected to be highly hazardous and arduous. Among other odds, it would also prove an uphill endeavour to win minds and hearts.
The US’ Trump administration would need to be counted out in this pursuit. This is on account of the fact that it has been far too wayward in its management of West Asian affairs in particular over the past couple of years. Given its unpredictable character it is a matter for conjecture whether it could be counted on to live up to its commitments.
Moreover, Israel could be expected to ‘go it alone’ in the Middle East regardless of whether US help is coming or otherwise. It has indicated as much in recent times and Israel could be doubted on this score only at the doubter’s peril. Because time and again Israel has demonstrated that it could steadfastly defend its interests even single-handedly in the Middle East. History bears this out.
However, a durable alliance with the US would stand Israel in good stead. On the matter of military and intelligence assistance, for example, the US’s help proved invaluable for Israel in the past and going forward this is bound to be so as well. Moreover, it is unlikely that the Trump administration would give up on Israel, considering that a strong Israel is crucial for the furtherance of the US’ strategic and economic interests in West Asia.
But whether the above factors would have a considerable bearing on the question of working out a durable solution to the West Asian tangle is an entirely different matter. Israel, as in the case of the Palestinian enclaves, is acutely security conscious and would need to satisfy itself fully that it could live in a security environment that would guarantee its complete safety, going forward.
The Middle East is badly in need of another peace effort on the lines of the Oslo Accords of the mid-nineties that brought the key actors together and helped hammer out a solution that addressed some of their notable concerns. To be sure, that process did not prove to be the ideal answer to the tangle, but it yielded some respite to the region and drove home that one-time sworn foes could indeed negotiate with a degree of success. The West Bank authority, although falling short of fulfilling some key Palestinian aspirations, is testimony that a degree of success is possible if the intent is right.
Given the current realities of West Asia, peace-making is bound to be an uphill challenge. The violence faced in recent times by the Palestinian community, in particular, has been nothing less than mind-numbing. Merciless has been the violence visited on them by the Israeli side. In such circumstances, durable peace in the region could smack of an idealist’s dream.
Nevertheless, there needs to be urgently, a meeting of minds over the divides. The US would need to be counted out as an honest broker in bringing the sides together but the rest of the West would do well to step up to the challenge.
In this exercise the onus would be on the world’s democracies to take the initiative and doggedly stay the course. An acceptable combination would be the EU and the UN. Given their credentials, the main sides in West Asia ought to find them the least controversial.
Even if the relevant institutional and political arrangements could be shored up to take a reconciliation process forward, winning hearts and minds for the peace drive would prove a grueling challenge. Over the past few years in particular tens of thousands of hearts and minds on both sides of the divide have been bruised badly in the runaway murderous violence that has come to define the Middle East.
These badly scarred personalities would need to experience healing without much delay. It is therefore a multi-faceted challenge that is at hand. Since wide-ranging expertise would be needed in the healing process, people’s participation in peace-making, ranging over the divides, would need to be made a durable reality. It will be a time for enthroning humanity and ensuring the rejection of all forms of violence and coercion.
Features
Amazing Thailand …right here in Colombo
For many Sri Lankans, Thailand is the go-to holiday — beaches, temples, food, and that famous warm hospitality.
In fact, I’ve been to Amazing Thailand 24 times myself, and was honoured with the Friends of Thailand International Media Award by the Tourism Authority of Thailand for promoting Thai tourism.
The good news I have for you today is that you don’t even need a passport to get a taste of Amazing Thailand.
The Royal Thai Embassy, in Colombo, is bringing a vibrant slice of Thailand, to the city of Colombo, with Thai Festival 2026 — a cultural experience like never before.
Whether you are an avid enthusiast of Thai culture, a total novice, or simply just interested in exploring foreign cultures, Thai Festival 2026 is going to be the perfect opportunity for you to get more than just a glimpse into one of the most celebrated cultural heritages in South East Asia. And ENTRANCE IS FREE.
The festival will be held on the 1st and 2nd of August, 2026, at Siam Nivasa, 43, C.W.W. Kannangara Mawatha, Colombo 7, and the East Parking Area, of the Colombo Municipal Council, from 11:00am to 5:00pm.
Both days will be full of live entertainment, and dispersed throughout with Thai cultural displays, including exhilarating traditional dance performances and breathtaking Muay Thai demonstrations.
Exploring art and craft specific to Thailand, tasting irresistible authentic Thai cuisine, and playing arcade games, are just a few more fun-filled events available for visitors at the festival premises.
An array of Thai products will also be available for purchase.
While at the festival, you will find Sri Lankan Alumni from Thai universities sharing their experiences with you and willing to answer any questions you might have, related to studying abroad in Thailand.
You can also register for the Muay Thai workshop that will be happening on the 7th and 8th of August, 2026, in Colombo.

Irresistible authentic Thai cuisine
Visitors can also stand a chance to win traditional Thai souvenirs, get exclusive photo opportunities, and, the big one — to enter the raffle draw, at the end of each day, for the grand prize of an all-inclusive round trip to Thailand.
Be sure to avail yourself of this exceptional opportunity and add a cultural spin to your weekend.
To keep up with the latest updates on Thai Festival 2026, head over to the Thai Festival official social media pages.
The Royal Thai Embassy in Colombo official webpage:
https://colombo.thaiembassy.org
Official social media:
Facebook: @RTEColombo
Instagram: @thaiembassysrilanka
Thai Festival official social media:
Facebook: Thai Festival in Colombo
Instagram: @thaifestival_colombo
TikTok: @thaifestival.incolombo
Features
Thicker, stronger hair …
Hair fall, in this heat, can be so frustrating, and noticing a thin patch is even more worrying. The good news is … yes, with a little care and kitchen ingredients, you can nourish your scalp and support healthy regrowth.
Try these four easy home remedies … even our grandmothers trusted:
* Coconut Oil and Curry Leaves Tonic:
Warm 04 tablespoons of coconut oil, with a handful of curry leaves, till the leaves turn black. Cool, strain, and massage into scalp 02-03 times a week. Leave for 01 hour, or overnight.
Why:
Coconut oil deeply nourishes, while curry leaves help strengthen roots and add shine.
* Onion Juice for Spot Treatment:
With cotton, dab the juice of 01 small onion, directly on the thin/bald patches. Leave for 20-30 minutes, and then wash with a mild shampoo. Use twice a week.
Why:
Rich in sulfur, onion juice helps boost blood circulation to the scalp.
* Aloe Vera and Castor Oil Mask:
Mix 02 tablespoons of fresh aloe vera gel and 01 tablespoon castor oil and apply to the scalp, focusing on thinning areas. Leave for 45 minutes, and then rinse with cool water.
Why:
Aloe vera soothes the scalp, while castor oil coats hair to make it look thicker.
* Fenugreek and Curd Strengthening Pack:
You will need 02 tablespoons fenugreek seeds, soaked overnight, and 02 tablespoons plain curd.
Grind to a paste, apply to scalp for 30 minutes, and then wash.
Why:
Fenugreek strengthens strands and reduces breakage.
Extra Tips for Healthy Hair:
Avoid tight hairstyles that pull on the scalp.
Eat iron and protein rich foods: greens, dhal, eggs, fish.
Use lukewarm water, not hot.
Be gentle when brushing and drying.
Manage stress — it plays a big role in hair fall.
Important: If bald patches are growing, or there is itching/redness, please consult a dermatologist.
Home remedies support hair health, but a doctor can find the exact cause.
Remember, healthy hair starts with a healthy, happy you.
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