Features
Scholars and Gentlemen
(Excerpted from Selected Journalism by HAJ Hulugalle)
There are now a large number of scholarships for education abroad, including many given by foreign governments and institutions. Fifty years ago (this article was written in 1976) there were only two scholarships (before that, only one) awarded on the results of the Intermediate examination held in Colombo by the London University. If I remember correctly they were worth Stg. 400 per annum for three years.
Young people of those days were just as keen as their successors of today to travel and to study abroad. But, with some exceptions, they came back to pursue their careers at home. Rich parents sent the more promising among their progeny to Oxford and Cambridge, to medical schools in the United Kingdom, and to the Inns of Court in London so that they could become barristers who had the right to practise in Ceylon.
A poor boy had to win one of the university scholarships to study abroad. Recalling the names of scholarship winners of the past, one is impressed by the number who reached the top in the professions, government service and public life. They were an intellectual elite. Among the judges, for example, there were Thomas de Sampayo, M.T. Akbar, V. M. Fernando and Arthur Wijewardene, among doctors Marcus Fernando, Lucian de Zilwa and Frank Grenier; and among Civil Servants Ponnambalam Arunachalam, Paul E. Pieris, Edmund Rodrigo, Arthur Ranasinghe and L.J. Seneviratne, the last two being my contemporaries.
Earlier, the Civil Service examinations were held only in London. Later there was an examination held in Colombo. Doubtless the papers were corrected in London. The results of the London examination were in three categories, according to the order of merit. The top layer went into the Home Civil Service, the next to India and the last to the Colonies. But one could choose to step down.
The Indian Civil Service took from Ceylon L.H. Arndt, A M. G. Tampoe, Elmar Mack, Donald Ratnam and M. Ramalingam.
Vincent del Tufo was selected for the Home Civil Service, in which he distinguished himself, winding up his career as British High Commissioner in Malaya.
Ponnambalam Arunachalam and Paul Pieris were bright stars of the Ceylon Civil Service. They had many interests and wrote books. Arunachalam was not made a Government Agent because of the colour of his skin. Instead he was appointed Registrar-General, in which office he did much research and wrote valuable reports. He was nominated to the Legislative Council as an Official Member, and was also a member of the Governor’s Executive Council. His style was cramped even so, and on his retirement he took to politics. He was one of the pioneers of the Reform Movement and was the first president of the Ceylon National Congress. James Pieris, who followed him as president, was also a university scholar.
In the same year that Arunachalam became a member of the Ceylon Civil Service, Cecil John Reginald Le Mesurier came out to join the same service. His father was a Channel Islander and his mother a Greek. He was the author of the Manual of the Nuwara Eliya District, established a peasant colony called Demasuriyagama, and was the joint author with T.B. Panabokke of a translation into English of the “Niti-Niganduwa”.
Le Mesurier is, however, best remembered for a matrimonial jumble which lost him his job. He was sued for a separation by his wife, whereupon he became a Mohammedan to enable him to marry again. He adopted the name of Abdul Hamid while his second wife, Alice, called herself Quadra. The result is best told in his own words:-
“On the 19th December last, I got a letter from the Government Agent asking me to state distinctly whether I had embraced the Mohammedan faith, and whether I had married a lady according to Mohammedan rites. I wrote in reply to the inquiry what concern my religion was to the Ceylon Government, and how it affected my efficiency or character as a public servant, and what concern my domestic affairs were to the Ceylon Government. On the 8th of this month I got a letter to say that the Lieutenant-Governor, being satisfied, that I had purported to marry a lady by Mohammedan rites while I had a legal wife alive and not divorced her in pursuance of instructions from the Secretary of State dismissed me from the Ceylon Civil Service”.
In general, Civil Servants were regarded as very desirable sons-in-law. But Arunachalam’s brother Ramanathan, was determined to be a lawyer. In due course he became Solicitor-General and after his retirement entered the political scene. He was elected to the Legislative Council to represent the “educated Ceylonese”. In his old age he gave much of his time to religion and philosophy. The 125th anniversary of his birth falls on the 10th of this month (April 1976).
Ramanathan sat the advocates’ examination with Harold Creasy and Joseph Grenier. Creasy himself entered the Legislative Council as the “European Member” and took up the cause of many Sinhalese Buddhist leaders who were wrongfully imprisoned in 1915. His father, Sir Edward Creasy, the Chief Justice, travelled to Jaffna for the bi-annual sessions in a palanquin.
After the exam, according to Grenier, “we were asked to come back a week hence, which happened, I think, to be a Monday. At two o’clock, at the adjournment for lunch, Ramanathan and I were summoned to the Law Library, which was a small room with very few books in it, next to the Chief Justice’s chambers. Ramanathan was very calm and composed, as he always is even in the most trying circumstances, but I was in a considerable state of excitement as I felt that my future would depend on the announcement to be made within the next few minutes.
We saw at the doorway the huge, burly figure of the Chief Justice, with his leaning head and piercing eyes, and heard him say, in his sonorous voice: `Gentlemen, I am glad to say that all three of you have passed’…. Need I add that I was overjoyed? I said to myself: ‘You were a teacher barely three months ago drawing a salary of Rs.30 a month, and today you are an advocate of the Supreme Court with the possibility before you of making your thousands a year”.
Leading lawyers like Fredrick Dornhorst and H.J.C. Pereira spent years in England during their careers. “H.J.C- came from a brilliant family which produced Mr. Justice Walter Pereira and R.L. Pereira, among others. He was recognized as the lion of the Ceylon Bar, greatly respected by English Attorneys-General such as Sir Anton Bertram and Sir Henry Gollan. He was president of the Ceylon National Congress in 1921-23. He made a felicitous speech when Mrs. Sarojini Naidu, the Indian poet, visited Ceylon, calling her the sweet singing bird of India. His holidays in England were beneficial to the national movement of Ceylon because when some plea had to be made to the Secretary of State for the Colonies he was always available. All that was needed was a telegram from Colombo.
Ceylon is now not in a position to allow freedom of movement to all and sundry to travel and holiday abroad. The foreign exchange position does not permit it. But it is this very lack of freedom which makes so many professional men leave the country and work even where they may be second-class citizens.
The summary of the report of a sub-committee of the Cabinet recently published by the Press deals with the flight of talent from Ceylon. It would appear that last year over 300 professionally qualified persons left for employment abroad, bringing the total to well over 2,000 in the last five years. Around 700 doctors and 300 engineers have gone during this period. The trend continues despite certain concessions made by the Government in respect of leave facilities, use of exchange earned abroad and issue of passports for longer periods.
It is probable that the exodus is largely due to economic reasons. There is no easy solution to the problem. A young man has to think of his own career and a parent is not always the best person to advise him. I declare my interest in saying that. Three of my own children work abroad and visit me when they can. Life has to be enjoyed, not merely endured. There is a human problem in each case and it is only under dictatorships that it is completely ignored.
(This was first published in April 1976)
Features
US’ drastic aid cut to UN poses moral challenge to world
‘Adapt, shrink or die’ – thus runs the warning issued by the Trump administration to UN humanitarian agencies with brute insensitivity in the wake of its recent decision to drastically reduce to $2bn its humanitarian aid to the UN system. This is a substantial climb down from the $17bn the US usually provided to the UN for its humanitarian operations.
Considering that the US has hitherto been the UN’s biggest aid provider, it need hardly be said that the US decision would pose a daunting challenge to the UN’s humanitarian operations around the world. This would indeed mean that, among other things, people living in poverty and stifling material hardships, in particularly the Southern hemisphere, could dramatically increase. Coming on top of the US decision to bring to an end USAID operations, the poor of the world could be said to have been left to their devices as a consequence of these morally insensitive policy rethinks of the Trump administration.
Earlier, the UN had warned that it would be compelled to reduce its aid programs in the face of ‘the deepest funding cuts ever.’ In fact the UN is on record as requesting the world for $23bn for its 2026 aid operations.
If this UN appeal happens to go unheeded, the possibilities are that the UN would not be in a position to uphold the status it has hitherto held as the world’s foremost humanitarian aid provider. It would not be incorrect to state that a substantial part of the rationale for the UN’s existence could come in for questioning if its humanitarian identity is thus eroded.
Inherent in these developments is a challenge for those sections of the international community that wish to stand up and be counted as humanists and the ‘Conscience of the World.’ A responsibility is cast on them to not only keep the UN system going but to also ensure its increased efficiency as a humanitarian aid provider to particularly the poorest of the poor.
It is unfortunate that the US is increasingly opting for a position of international isolation. Such a policy position was adopted by it in the decades leading to World War Two and the consequences for the world as a result for this policy posture were most disquieting. For instance, it opened the door to the flourishing of dictatorial regimes in the West, such as that led by Adolph Hitler in Germany, which nearly paved the way for the subjugation of a good part of Europe by the Nazis.
If the US had not intervened militarily in the war on the side of the Allies, the West would have faced the distressing prospect of coming under the sway of the Nazis and as a result earned indefinite political and military repression. By entering World War Two the US helped to ward off these bleak outcomes and indeed helped the major democracies of Western Europe to hold their own and thrive against fascism and dictatorial rule.
Republican administrations in the US in particular have not proved the greatest defenders of democratic rule the world over, but by helping to keep the international power balance in favour of democracy and fundamental human rights they could keep under a tight leash fascism and linked anti-democratic forces even in contemporary times. Russia’s invasion and continued occupation of parts of Ukraine reminds us starkly that the democracy versus fascism battle is far from over.
Right now, the US needs to remain on the side of the rest of the West very firmly, lest fascism enjoys another unfettered lease of life through the absence of countervailing and substantial military and political power.
However, by reducing its financial support for the UN and backing away from sustaining its humanitarian programs the world over the US could be laying the ground work for an aggravation of poverty in the South in particular and its accompaniments, such as, political repression, runaway social discontent and anarchy.
What should not go unnoticed by the US is the fact that peace and social stability in the South and the flourishing of the same conditions in the global North are symbiotically linked, although not so apparent at first blush. For instance, if illegal migration from the South to the US is a major problem for the US today, it is because poor countries are not receiving development assistance from the UN system to the required degree. Such deprivation on the part of the South leads to aggravating social discontent in the latter and consequences such as illegal migratory movements from South to North.
Accordingly, it will be in the North’s best interests to ensure that the South is not deprived of sustained development assistance since the latter is an essential condition for social contentment and stable governance, which factors in turn would guard against the emergence of phenomena such as illegal migration.
Meanwhile, democratic sections of the rest of the world in particular need to consider it a matter of conscience to ensure the sustenance and flourishing of the UN system. To be sure, the UN system is considerably flawed but at present it could be called the most equitable and fair among international development organizations and the most far-flung one. Without it world poverty would have proved unmanageable along with the ills that come along with it.
Dehumanizing poverty is an indictment on humanity. It stands to reason that the world community should rally round the UN and ensure its survival lest the abomination which is poverty flourishes. In this undertaking the world needs to stand united. Ambiguities on this score could be self-defeating for the world community.
For example, all groupings of countries that could demonstrate economic muscle need to figure prominently in this initiative. One such grouping is BRICS. Inasmuch as the US and the West should shrug aside Realpolitik considerations in this enterprise, the same goes for organizations such as BRICS.
The arrival at the above international consensus would be greatly facilitated by stepped up dialogue among states on the continued importance of the UN system. Fresh efforts to speed-up UN reform would prove major catalysts in bringing about these positive changes as well. Also requiring to be shunned is the blind pursuit of narrow national interests.
Features
Egg white scene …
Hi! Great to be back after my Christmas break.
Thought of starting this week with egg white.
Yes, eggs are brimming with nutrients beneficial for your overall health and wellness, but did you know that eggs, especially the whites, are excellent for your complexion?
OK, if you have no idea about how to use egg whites for your face, read on.
Egg White, Lemon, Honey:
Separate the yolk from the egg white and add about a teaspoon of freshly squeezed lemon juice and about one and a half teaspoons of organic honey. Whisk all the ingredients together until they are mixed well.
Apply this mixture to your face and allow it to rest for about 15 minutes before cleansing your face with a gentle face wash.
Don’t forget to apply your favourite moisturiser, after using this face mask, to help seal in all the goodness.
Egg White, Avocado:
In a clean mixing bowl, start by mashing the avocado, until it turns into a soft, lump-free paste, and then add the whites of one egg, a teaspoon of yoghurt and mix everything together until it looks like a creamy paste.
Apply this mixture all over your face and neck area, and leave it on for about 20 to 30 minutes before washing it off with cold water and a gentle face wash.
Egg White, Cucumber, Yoghurt:
In a bowl, add one egg white, one teaspoon each of yoghurt, fresh cucumber juice and organic honey. Mix all the ingredients together until it forms a thick paste.
Apply this paste all over your face and neck area and leave it on for at least 20 minutes and then gently rinse off this face mask with lukewarm water and immediately follow it up with a gentle and nourishing moisturiser.
Egg White, Aloe Vera, Castor Oil:
To the egg white, add about a teaspoon each of aloe vera gel and castor oil and then mix all the ingredients together and apply it all over your face and neck area in a thin, even layer.
Leave it on for about 20 minutes and wash it off with a gentle face wash and some cold water. Follow it up with your favourite moisturiser.
Features
Confusion cropping up with Ne-Yo in the spotlight
Superlatives galore were used, especially on social media, to highlight R&B singer Ne-Yo’s trip to Sri Lanka: Global superstar Ne-Yo to perform live in Colombo this December; Ne-Yo concert puts Sri Lanka back on the global entertainment map; A global music sensation is coming to Sri Lanka … and there were lots more!
At an official press conference, held at a five-star venue, in Colombo, it was indicated that the gathering marked a defining moment for Sri Lanka’s entertainment industry as international R&B powerhouse and three-time Grammy Award winner Ne-Yo prepares to take the stage in Colombo this December.
What’s more, the occasion was graced by the presence of Sunil Kumara Gamage, Minister of Sports & Youth Affairs of Sri Lanka, and Professor Ruwan Ranasinghe, Deputy Minister of Tourism, alongside distinguished dignitaries, sponsors, and members of the media.
According to reports, the concert had received the official endorsement of the Sri Lanka Tourism Promotion Bureau, recognising it as a flagship initiative in developing the country’s concert economy by attracting fans, and media, from all over South Asia.
However, I had that strange feeling that this concert would not become a reality, keeping in mind what happened to Nick Carter’s Colombo concert – cancelled at the very last moment.
Carter issued a video message announcing he had to return to the USA due to “unforeseen circumstances” and a “family emergency”.
Though “unforeseen circumstances” was the official reason provided by Carter and the local organisers, there was speculation that low ticket sales may also have been a factor in the cancellation.
Well, “Unforeseen Circumstances” has cropped up again!
In a brief statement, via social media, the organisers of the Ne-Yo concert said the decision was taken due to “unforeseen circumstances and factors beyond their control.”
Ne-Yo, too, subsequently made an announcement, citing “Unforeseen circumstances.”
The public has a right to know what these “unforeseen circumstances” are, and who is to be blamed – the organisers or Ne-Yo!
Ne-Yo’s management certainly need to come out with the truth.
However, those who are aware of some of the happenings in the setup here put it down to poor ticket sales, mentioning that the tickets for the concert, and a meet-and-greet event, were exorbitantly high, considering that Ne-Yo is not a current mega star.
We also had a cancellation coming our way from Shah Rukh Khan, who was scheduled to visit Sri Lanka for the City of Dreams resort launch, and then this was received: “Unfortunately due to unforeseen personal reasons beyond his control, Mr. Khan is no longer able to attend.”
Referring to this kind of mess up, a leading showbiz personality said that it will only make people reluctant to buy their tickets, online.
“Tickets will go mostly at the gate and it will be very bad for the industry,” he added.
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