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Private Tutoring Amidst Sri Lanka’s Economic Crisis: Issues Faced by Students

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By Usha Perera

Sri Lanka’s education sector, still reeling from the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic, now faces acute challenges due to the current political and economic crises. The sudden imposition of curfews and the lack of transportation have resulted in school closures and students being deprived of structured and systematic in-school education. In Sri Lanka, closing schools for just one day causes a loss of 25 million learning hours and 1.4 million teaching hours. Alongside this, private tutoring has gained greater importance. This blog discusses the issues faced mainly by Ordinary Level (O/L) and Advanced Level (A/L) students in attending tuition classes based on an IPS study. The study findings are derived from a sample of about 340 students, and 16 teachers and tutors across Sri Lanka.

Affordability of Private Tuition Classes

The surge in the cost of living with wages failing to keep pace with inflation and loss of income generation channels have been unbearable for parents of school-going children. The IPS study found that students who belonged to family income levels below LKR 30,000 spend approximately LKR 3,000-Rs. 7,000 per month while students whose family income was above LKR 200,000 spend approximately LKR 18,000- LKR 20,000 per month on private tuition depending on the grade of the student. This scenario is illustrated in Figure 1.

Further, most O/L and A/L level students spend more than LKR 2,000 per month on data packages for both school and tuition online classes, while most students who spend more than LKR 2,000 per month are concentrated among the higher family income categories. If LKR 2,000 is spent on monthly data packages, it would approximately account for 1% of whose family income is above LKR 200,000, and more than 7% of whose family income is below LKR 30,000. All this highlights the perceived importance of private education, especially among O/L and A/L grades, and the financial burden it imposes on a family’s household income.

These affordability concerns were partly offset by the introduction of free online classes during the pandemic, which has provided considerable relief for financially vulnerable students according to students interviewed for the IPS study. Affordability concerns were further allayed by reduced class fees by some tutors. The fees reductions were made accounting for the structural changes of administrative and operating costs of an online setting applicable based on the scale and intensity of operations of tutors. Financial issues faced by the families experiencing household income losses during the pandemic were also considered in fees reduction.

Accessibility to Online Classes

Online platforms were the sole medium for conducting classes during the pandemic while it becomes an option in the current context considering the social unrest, curfews and travel constraints due to fuel shortages. However, many students faced accessibility issues in joining online classes. The issues faced were poor signal coverage, high data costs, lack of necessary devices, and affordability concerns in the context of lost household income during the pandemic. Most of the students who belonged to a family income level above LKR 200,000 used a laptop/tablet while most of the students who belonged to a family income level of below LKR 30,000 relied on a smartphone. Smartphones were found to be less user friendly for academic use. In addition to the above issues, the ongoing power outages also present impediments to online education.The accessibility issues are mainly experienced by students from families with comparatively lower income levels, and those who had to rely on a smartphone for academic purposes. This implies a close positive relationship between household income and the quality of the education received; financial strength being the primary determinant of accessibility.

Figure 1: Monthly Tuition Expenditure by Monthly Household Income
Source: Institute of PolicyStudies of Sri Lanka, 2021.

However, these accessibility issues were partly offset by the divergent opportunities experienced by students, especially in the context of online platforms. These prospects included the ability to join online classes conducted in distant locations that would otherwise have been restricted due to travel constraints and increased time available due to school closures. As a result, they increased the duration of tuition classes using the saved travel time.

Way Forward

While private tutoring became a way of bridging the gaps in the education system during the crisis, learning losses for the most vulnerable groups have further widened with accessibility and affordability issues. Since these issues were mainly observed among O/L and A/L student groups, there is a higher risk that vulnerable student groups would be highly challenged during their most decisive years leading to higher education and career development. Thus, it is necessary to address the affordability issues, focusing more on the vulnerable student groups. Financial assistance could be provided in terms of a certain number of free hours of teaching for selected financially vulnerable students and allocating a selected proportion of students to be taught at a concessionary rate.

To address the accessibility issues, recording the lessons and distributing the notes on different platforms will help to a certain extent. Providing digital equipment and networks for selected tuition centres and schools could also be considered since the lack of facilities and resources was identified as major accessibility issue for distance education. These would require collaborative efforts among the government, tutors, parents, non-government organisations and any other well-wishers.



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Trade and investment facilitation upgrade seen as needed for SL

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South Korean Ambassador Miyon Lee (centre) addresses the forum. On her left is Pathfinder Foundation Chairman Ambassador (Retd) Bernard Goonetilleke.

Sri Lanka should mainly focus on upgrading its trade and investment facilitation system while identifying the paramount importance of the issue, South Korean Ambassador to Sri Lanka Miyon Lee said.

The bureaucratic matters—from Customs clearance to tariff lines, licensing, and registration—should be streamlined, she said at a round table forum recently held at the Colombo Club of the Taj Samudra, Colombo. The forum was organized and conducted by the Pathfinder Foundation Sri Lanka and was presided over by its Chairman, Ambassador (Retd) Bernard Goonetilleke.

Ambassador Lee said that the Sri Lankan government and companies must focus on tourism sector development and also find businesses opportunities with Korea.

She also said that if Sri Lanka wants to attract Korean investment into Sri Lanka, Sri Lanka should highly develop its digital sector.

‘On top of that, If Sri Lankan is to sign a FTA or trade agreements, she should focus on niche markets to supply to Korean companies, she explained.

Ambassador Lee added: ‘Korea is highly digital and AI enabled and Sri Lanka needs to concentrate on that as well.

‘Further, it is going to be very important if you will be able to implement all the obligations that are laid out under a WTO agreement.

‘A single window is part of the overall trade architecture that Sri Lanka has to follow.

‘ I think that also follows with the FTA (Free Trade Agreement) negotiations. From Korea’s experience, when we had the financial crisis in 1997, we only pursued WTO negotiations. FTA negotiations came after the financial crisis.

‘The Asia-Pacific Trade Agreement (APTA) is important in this regard.

‘The APTA arrangement includes China, India, Korea, Nepal and Mongolia and 50 percent of Sri Lankan exports to South Korea benefit from the APTA.

‘But other than that, there is not much trade between the two countries. That’s why I think it is going to be very important for Sri Lanka to pursue the RCEP (Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership) arrangement.

‘Unfortunately, there is not much appetite for upgrading the APTA because we already have separate FTAs with India and China.

‘ We have huge investments in India and in ASEAN countries. I think it would be very important that Sri Lanka uses that kind of opportunity to see if there is any initiative for Sri Lankan companies to provide supplies to Korean companies working in other countries.’

By Hiran H Senewiratne

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SL in damage-control mode in wake of financial security crisis

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Deputy Finance Minister Dr. Anil Jayantha Fernando

USD 2.5 million Treasury cyber heist has escalated into a full-blown financial security crisis, with the government scrambling to contain international fallout amid growing fears that multiple foreign debt repayment channels may have been compromised.

In the strongest indication yet of the gravity of the breach, Deputy Finance Minister Dr. Anil Jayantha Fernando told Parliament that investigators had uncovered suspicious irregularities linked to other external payment transactions, including one involving India, suggesting that the cyber intrusion may have extended far beyond the original fraudulent transfer.

The revelation has sent shockwaves through financial and political circles at a time when Sri Lanka is struggling to restore credibility after its historic sovereign default and painful debt restructuring process.

The controversial transfer involved funds earmarked for a debt repayment to Australia Export Finance. However, the money was allegedly diverted into a fraudulent account after what authorities now believe was a sophisticated cyber infiltration targeting Treasury communication and payment authentication systems within the External Resources Department (ERD).

With international confidence hanging in the balance, the Government has moved swiftly to reassure creditors that the incident would not be treated as a sovereign debt default.

Fernando informed Parliament that international debt restructuring advisors had assessed the situation and concluded that the theft constituted a criminal financial breach rather than a deliberate failure by Sri Lanka to honour debt obligations.

Behind the scenes, however, the crisis has triggered an unprecedented multi-agency investigation involving the Criminal Investigation Department (CID), Sri Lanka Computer Emergency Readiness Team (SLCERT), Financial Intelligence Unit (FIU) and foreign law enforcement authorities, including Australian agencies.

Investigators are now carrying out forensic examinations of official email systems, payment authorisation trails, digital devices and Treasury transaction records amid mounting concerns that critical State financial infrastructure may have been exposed to external manipulation.

The scandal has also intensified political tensions, with opposition parties accusing the Government of attempting to downplay the seriousness of the breach while demanding an immediate parliamentary debate and an independent inquiry into Treasury security failures.

Pressure mounted further following the sudden death of an interdicted Finance Ministry official reportedly connected to the ongoing investigation.

Although authorities have not officially linked the death to the fraud probe, the incident has fuelled widespread speculation and heightened public suspicion surrounding the case.

The latest disclosures have raised troubling questions about the vulnerability of Sri Lanka’s public financial systems, particularly as billions of dollars in foreign debt repayments, aid flows and restructuring transactions continue to pass through Government channels under intense international scrutiny.

Financial analysts warn that while creditors may refrain from categorising the incident as a formal default, the cyber heist could still damage Sri Lanka’s credibility unless authorities demonstrate swift accountability, institutional transparency and robust corrective measures.

The Treasury breach is now being viewed not merely as an isolated fraud, but as a major national financial security threat with potentially far-reaching implications for Sri Lanka’s economic recovery and global standing.

By Ifham Nizam

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JKCG Auto partners with BOC and SLIC to support EV adoption

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John Keells CG Auto (JKCG Auto), the authorised distributor of BYD and DENZA in Sri Lanka, has launched a campaign in partnership with Bank of Ceylon (BOC) and Sri Lanka Insurance Corporation General Ltd. (SLIC) to accelerate New Energy Vehicles (NEV) adoption among government sector employees.

The initiative, which will run from 4 May to 31 July 2026, is designed to improve accessibility and affordability of NEVs for public servants through a structured set of financing, insurance and ownership support mechanisms.

Open to employees across the government sector, the programme reflects a coordinated effort between industry and national institutions to enable a gradual and practical transition towards cleaner transport options.

As part of the collaboration, JKCG Auto will extend a set of ownership support measures across its BYD and DENZA portfolio, including introductory price considerations, access to home charging infrastructure, and aftersales service support. These are complemented by preferential leasing arrangements facilitated by the Bank of Ceylon, alongside tailored insurance solutions and customer support services from Sri Lanka Insurance Corporation.

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