News
Place names say who we are: Nallur triumphs Nellore
by S. Ratnajeevan H. Hoole
The Perahera in Kandy was permitted even with artistes catching Covid. The Nallur Thiruvilla was banned. Our terrorizing police had parades at the temple for TV but shut down streets and diverted traffic although no one was worshiping. When robbers came two doors away (21.08.2021) during curfew, the police emergency number did not answer, and the normal number was hung up when I called. The police do not protect us. My Nellore is being robbed of its name and history.
Rick Grannis of UC Irvine found American racial populations being organized according to “who is down the street.” I address here the subtle fight over place names to suggest the dwellers’ caste. Nellore is the name of Nallur in early church records; streets correlate to caste and land price.
We see street segregation in the Tamil Hindu Epic Chilappathikaram Canto 5. Streets are reserved by caste having their “respective localities.” Jewellers, copper/iron mongers, cobblers, grain-sellers, et al., had their reservations – even mutton vendors, fishmongers, and prostitutes. These places in the city went by the name of Maruvurppakkam (the Other Village Side). In Pattinappakkam (Town Side) dwelt highly renowned great men.
Nellore was the seat of the Jaffna Kingdom of the Aryachakaravarthies. Chekarajacekaramalai says their lineage was Brahmin (I doubt it). Our royals naturally upheld agamic Hindu culture; particularly caste.
Madurai’s practice was upheld in Nellore – see the street map from the Jaffna Public Library. The CMS St. James’ stands where the principal Hindu Temple stood at Nallur Centre. Guardian-temples stood in agamic fashion, namely Chattanaathar Kovil (North), a destroyed untraceable temple (West), Moothavinayagar Kovil (South) and Veyyilviluntha Pillaiyar Kovil (East). The map says what caste lived where. People who want a high-status buy into Vellala areas.
There is push back. For example, North of Chattanaathar Kovil is where the Kaikular of middling caste live (palace guards). It was called Kaikulanj Chanthai, now renamed Kalviankadu. This area North of the Palace was occupied by the Portuguese garrison. Many Kaikular show admixture: physical stature (like TELO’s Sri Sabaratnam), pink skin, and grey eyes which are now ascribed to Brahmin admixture and used by Kaikulas to make claims to Brahmin-ritual, like shorter periods of mourning.
The upper castes lived on the main roads within the circle of the guardian temples centred on CMS St. James’, called Changili Thoppu (King Changili’s Garden). People in the by-lanes were of lower castes – typically workers from the trades and musicians, whom the royals needed, and untouchables.
The Rev. John Hensman was the first Anglican priest from Jaffna. It is a shame that Dr. Victor Hensman (later Naganathan) of that family whose life we celebrated only on 15 Aug. 2021 through an international Zoom conference, abandoned that proud heritage and took on the name E.M.V. Naganathan, MP, SJV Chelvanayakam’s righthand.
The high-caste Circle stopped East of Veyyil Viluntha Pilllaiyar Kovil where Chemmany Road (leading to Chemmany) ends on the map. East of that is Nayanmaarkattu where field workers lived. The unnamed road at the top-right of the map was Nayanmaarkattu Veethi (becoming Aadiyapaatham Road) going to Thirunelveli Market. The short stretch of road from Kachcheri-Nallur Road towards the temple as Point Perdro curves toward Muththirai Chanthai was exclusively for Musicians, who could be heard practising their sweet music up to the mid-1960s. They have sold their lands to those seeking caste-upgrade by coming closer to the Nallur Temple.
Many new families have moved in buying land especially as the Christians left Nellore. Changili Thoppu where CMS St. James’ stands and the Palace stood, contains Muthirai Chanthai (Stamp Market, where stood a market to my times, and named so because the King’s tax collectors stamped in indication that taxes had been paid). That market is gone now so new-comers give away their late-coming status by calling it Muththirai Chanthi (Stamp Junction), although Church deeds refer to “Muththirai Chanthai.”
Chemmany Road
Chemmany Road, running by the old palace and central temple with the stretch of Point Pedro Road in front of the Palace entrance, was one of the most important roads. Fr. V. Perniola (The Catholic Church in Sri Lanka) makes occasional reference to the early church in Jaffna in Portuguese times. The early missionaries were Franciscans. King Changili martyred the first Franciscans and many Tamil saints, including his own son. The name Chemmany Road is commonly thought to have its etymology in chem (red) mani (stone, jewel). That, however, is far-fetched because there are no red stones or gems in the area. The likely etymology is chem (holy-red) munn (sand)-ee (the place that has red sand). Chemmany is the place where martyrs’ blood was spilt. As such, the church precincts and the Teachers’ Training College, with its associated Practising School, are hallowed grounds for Christians, RC and non-RC.
The Rev. Elijah Hoole married a girl from Nallur and the Hooles have lived on Chemmany Road for generations. Church deeds testify that our land belonged to my great-great grandmother “Mrs. E. Hoole.”
Nellore Temple History
St. James’s Church is built on the original Central Temple razed to the ground presumably in June 1619 when the Portuguese launched an expedition against Changili II. He took baptism in Goa before his beheading for his crimes, testifying “I would rather die a Christian Coolie than a Heathen King” and “uttering the sweet name of Jesus” (Queyroz, 690-1). His two Queens were preached to by Friar Antonio de Santa Maria (Queyroz 686ff); involving long debates about religious choices with the Queens showing appreciation for Christianity but not enough to convert – until one Queen is moved to ecstatic tears and gets baptised and preaches to the other who too converts. She donated the land where the central temple stood to the Church. On that spot was built a Roman Catholic chapel occupying the St. James’ altar and vestry, and a schoolhouse. Thus St. James’ turned 557 years old in June 2019 when it had Mary as part of its name (citing Roman Catholic historian Rev. Dr. Fr. J. E. Jeyaceelan), although the 200th anniversary recently celebrated was only of the Anglican Church.
Following replacement of the Central Temple by a Roman Chapel, historic documents refer to the Nellore Temple having been built by Chembaha Perumal. There is deliberate spinning between the razed temple and the new. The Wikipedia says, “According to the Yalpana Vaipava Malai, the temple was developed at the site in the 13th century by Buwaneka Bahu, a minister to the King of Kotte. Chembaha Perumal is credited with building the third Nallur Kandaswamy temple”. Where were the first and second? Other so-called encyclopedic sources say, “the Temple’s foundation was laid in 948 AD. … Due to invasion of foreigners, the temple had to be relocated several times in different places within [the] Nallur area.” Nonsense.

After 948 AD it was the time of the ardently Saivite Cholas, who never would have destroyed a Murugan Temple, and then of the Aryachakaravarthies who too promoted Saivism. So why did the temple have to be relocated several times within Nallur whereas those escaping invaders would have fled Nellore?
However, many writers blame Phillippe de Olivero – a Portuguese army commander – for destroying all Hindu temples in Jaffna in 1620. His expedition against Changili II was in 1618. So where was the Nallur temple he destroyed? Which? When? That account is doubtful. The actual destruction would have been in 1619 under de Olivero by when a Christian Chapel was already standing. That would have been where the original temple was. Stories of its relocation need clear proof of when and to where it was relocated.
The present-day Nellore Temple was really built (as a new temple, not rebuilt) when the Dutch allowed it. According to what I was taught in primary school and to India’s Jaffna Consul General’s web site, “It is believed that there was a shrine dedicated to an Islamic Sufi saint in the temple complex from 1734 to 1749 which was relocated in 1749 when the temple structure was built.”
Clearly the present temple stands on “The Other Village Side” in the Muslim quarter with bad connotations for caste. The original Nellore (Paddy Village, Chemmany to this day having paddy fields cultivated by Palla field workers) had to be rescued and made Nallur, the place of good people. The Muslims were pushed further West into Chonaka Theru.
What was done to the Sufis was exactly what the Portuguese did to the Hindus, and the LTTE did to the Muslims in Oct. 1990.
So the Nallur temple cannot be older than late Dutch rule – late in the Eighteenth Cent. when the Dutch began giving permission to build temples. (They never attacked Mosques because they contained no idols).
We see a lot of self-enhancing expansionist heritage history concerning Nallur. Wikipedia even claims, “Part of the original Shivalingam of the Nallur Kandaswamy Temple was located in the Vicarage [of St. James’] till 1995 when it was destroyed during the recapture of Jaffna by Sri Lanka armed forces. Nonsense. I lived in the vicarage from 1956 to 1967. There was no Sivalingam.
Battle for Nellore
St. James’ is the centre of Nellore made into Nallur to claim high caste status, although according to the map, several lower castes also live in Nellore outside the circle round St. James’.
The new temple stands where Muslims and traders ejected from there lived; technically on low-caste soil. It was Maruvurppakkam rather than central Nallur. Reclaiming Pattinapakkam is a long-term project in progress. For that, the temple area must expand East and Nayanmaarkattu expand West, thereby eliminating the real Nallur.
I have begun receiving letters addressed to Nayanmaarkattu Road rather than Chemmany Road. St. James’ up to 1975 or so was dominated by Vellalas, but now only about 3 families remain. The other castes to the east (Nayanmaarkattu) and south (Ariyalai) outside the circle around St. James’ dominate the church, even though the Hindus among them have stone-throwing and fisticuffs when there is Paraya-Palla love. With all Wardens today non-Vellalas, they have lumped our family with Nayamaarkattu for administrative purposes arguing that Changilithoppu is now part of Nayanmaarkattu. Likewise, Paraya Street now has disappeared into St. Benerdict’s Street. The North-South Nayanmaarkattu Olungai leading to Nayanmaarkattu is removed and now runs East-West to Kanaharatnam Road leading to Ariyalai. However, since the Provincial Department of Education has illegally encroached on the CMS Teachers’ Training College and Vellalas (or aspiring Vellalas) there will not use the Nayanmaarkattu Road as address in preference to Chemmany Road, obliterating that Chemmany Road address is uphill.
The attempt to replace “Chemmany Road” with the name “New Chemmany Road” elsewhere is ongoing. A road by this name is seen as having been started from Kaikulanj Chanthai. It does not even reach Chemmany. The Nallur sub-Post Office was within the circle by Chattanaathar Kovil. That has been moved to Kaikulanj Chanthai diminishing the claims of the original Nallur.
When I returned to Sri Lanka and was looking for land close to St. James’, my Hindu relations told me my Hindu cousin in new Nallur was selling his land. When I inquired, he denied it. My relations said he was untruthful. Three months later he had sold it to a Hindu. There is an ongoing attempt to call the temple area Siva Boomi. So meat-eating Christians are not welcome (although I am vegetarian when most Hindus re not). Even the strict king of Kannaki’s, Pandiyan Nedunj Chelian, permitted mutton-vendors and fishmongers; but not the Velllalas of Nallur Temple. Eating-houses are vegetarian. A meat-eating German Shepherd on Siva Boomi has been switched to vegetarian.
The real Nellore is vanishing. The usurper Nallur stands on sufi soil and is in bad hands.
Business
Sri Lanka Customs exceeds revenue targets to enters 2026 with a surplus of Rs. 300 billion – Director General
The year 2025 has been recorded as the highest revenue-earning year in the history of Sri Lanka Customs, stated Director General of Sri Lanka Customs, Mr. S.P. Arukgoda, noting that the Department had surpassed its expected revenue target of Rs. 2,115 billion, enabling it to enter 2026 with an additional surplus of approximately Rs. 300 billion.
The Director General made these remarks at a discussion held on Tuesday (30) morning at the Sri Lanka Customs Auditorium, chaired by President Anura Kumara Dissanayake.
The President visited the Sri Lanka Customs Department this to review the performance achieved in 2025 and to scrutinize the new plans proposed for 2026. During the visit, the President engaged in extensive discussions with the Director General, Directors and senior officials of the Department.
Commending the vital role played by Sri Lanka Customs in generating much-needed state revenue and contributing to economic and social stability, the President expressed his appreciation to the entire Customs employees for their commitment and service.
Emphasizing that Sri Lanka Customs is one of the country’s key revenue-generating institutions, the President highlighted the importance of maintaining operations in an efficient, transparent and accountable manner. The President also called upon all officers to work collectively, with renewed plans and strategies, to lead the country towards economic success in 2026.
The President further stressed that the economic collapse in 2022 was largely due to the government’s inability at the time to generate sufficient rupee revenue and secure adequate foreign exchange. He pointed out that the government has successfully restored economic stability by achieving revenue targets, a capability that has also been vital in addressing recent disaster situations.
A comprehensive discussion was also held on the overall performance and progress of Sri Lanka Customs in 2025, as well as the new strategic plans for 2026, with several new ideas and proposals being presented.
Sri Lanka Customs currently operates under four main pillars, revenue collection, trade facilitation, social protection and institutional development. The President inquired into the progress achieved under each of these areas.
It was revealed that the Internal Affairs Unit, established to prevent corruption and promote an ethical institutional culture, is functioning effectively.
The President also sought updates on measures taken to address long-standing allegations related to congestion, delays and corruption in Customs operations, as well as on plans to modernize cargo inspection systems.
The discussion further covered Sri Lanka Customs’ digitalization programme planned for 2026, along with issues related to recruitment, promotions, training and salaries and allowances of the staff.
Highlighting the strategic importance of airports in preventing attempts to create instability within the country, the President underscored the necessity for Sri Lanka Customs to operate with a comprehensive awareness of its duty to uphold the stability of the State, while also being ready to face upcoming challenges.
The discussion was attended by Minister of Labour and Deputy Minister of Finance and Planning, Dr. Anil Jayanta Fernando, Deputy Minister of Economic Development, Nishantha Jayaweera, Secretary to the President, Dr. Nandika Sanath Kumanayake, Deputy Secretary to the Treasury, A.N.Hapugala, Director General of Sri Lanka Customs, S.P.Arukgoda, members of the Board of Directors and senior officials of the Department.
News
Educators slam govt. for ‘unprepared’ education reforms
Teachers, principals and education professionals have said the government is unprepared to roll out proposed education reforms scheduled to take effect from next week, and warned of nationwide trade union action if the plans are implemented without adequate consultation and preparation.
Addressing a press conference in Colombo, President of the Association of Education Professionals, Ven. Ulapane Sumangala Thera, said Ministry officials had indicated that the reforms would be implemented from Monday, 05 January, but claimed that the vast majority of educators were opposed to the move.
“More than 90 percent of teachers say they have not received proper training on the new syllabus or the proposed reforms,” Ven. Sumangala Thera said. He alleged that the government was attempting to suppress opposition from teachers and principals by declaring school holidays, instead of addressing their concerns.
“If the government continues with these tactics, we will have no option but to resort to trade union action at a national level,” he warned.
Meanwhile, representatives of 16 teachers’ and principals’ unions who visited the Ministry of Education at Isurupaya on Monday to seek clarification on the reforms were turned away by security officials, reportedly on the grounds that prior appointments were required.
Speaking to the media outside the Ministry, Amila Sandaruwan of the Teacher Principals’ Collective said the delegation had attempted to raise their concerns during the Public Day allocated for visitors. “We wanted to know how these reforms are to be implemented and sought to meet the Secretary to the Ministry of Education, but we were barred,” he said.
Sandaruwan accused the Government of proceeding in an “adamant” manner and claimed the reforms were being driven by a handful of non-governmental organisations closely associated with senior ministry officials. “We will not allow this to happen,” he said.
Graded Principals’ Association representative Nimal Mudunkotuwa said widespread confusion prevailed among teachers and school administrators regarding the practical aspects of implementing the reforms. “There is no clarity on school hours—whether schools are to close at 1.30 p.m. as before, or continue until 2.00 p.m. as proposed,” he said.
He added that uncertainty also remained over the number of daily teaching periods, with conflicting statements suggesting either seven or eight periods. “Schools have yet to receive syllabus modules from the Ministry, and many schools lack smart boards and internet connectivity required to implement these reforms,” Mudunkotuwa said.
Ven. Ulapane Sumangala Thera strongly criticised the proposed reforms, describing them as “bastard reforms,” and accused the NPP Government of undermining the education system. He also raised objections to a unit in the proposed Grade Six English syllabus dealing with gay and lesbian relationships, claiming that senior Buddhist prelates, the Catholic Cardinal and other religious leaders had opposed its inclusion.
“The Government refuses to listen even to religious leaders,” he said.
Concerns were also raised at a National Sangha Council meeting held in Colombo on Monday evening at the Colombo Foundation Institute, organised to discuss the objectives of the proposed reforms. Addressing the gathering, Professor Venerable Induragare Dhammaratana Thera said the reforms required extensive discussion, consultation with subject experts and consideration of the experience of senior administrators.
He warned that the proposed changes could trigger the biggest crisis currently facing the country. “Implementing these reforms in this manner will harm future generations and could even destroy the present Government,” he said, likening the process to “forcing a round peg into a square hole.”
News
Leading the Nation’s Connectivity Recovery Amid Unprecedented Challenges
SLT-MOBITEL’s post-Cyclone Ditwah response reinforces its role as the National ICT Solutions Provider
In the aftermath of Cyclone Ditwah, SLT-MOBITEL led one of the most extraordinary national connectivity restoration efforts in recent years, mobilising the full breadth of its operational network, technical expertise, and emergency response systems to safeguard Sri Lanka’s digital lifeline.
The cyclone caused extensive flooding, landslides, and infrastructure damage throughout several districts, disrupting multiple layers of the national network. Yet within days, SLT-MOBITEL mounted one of the fastest and most comprehensive recovery operations in the company’s history, reaffirming the organisation’s role as the country’s telecommunications backbone.
From the earliest hours of the disaster, SLT-MOBITEL activated a coordinated national response, drawing on its regional operational structure, specialised engineering teams, and emergency governance mechanisms. The Sri Lanka Backbone Network (SLBN), the country’s most critical digital artery, signalled excellent resilience, with only a handful of nodes affected and restored within 24 hours. As the National ICT Solutions Provider, SLT-MOBITEL prioritised restoring connectivity for other network operators and users, while simultaneously extending comprehensive support to its own customers, ensuring that mobile services were swiftly re-established across the country.
The rapid restoration of SLT-MOBITEL’s islandwide core network served as a critical catalyst in accelerating the recovery of both fixed and mobile services across nearly all disaster-affected areas. This swift action also enabled other operators affiliated with SLT-MOBITEL to speedily restore their services, reinforcing the continuity of nationwide connectivity. To drive this effort, SLT-MOBITEL established a centralised ‘War Room’, operating under close management oversight, to coordinate telecommunication network restoration and rehabilitation across the country. Initial assessments indicate recovery and network upgrade costs of approximately LKR 5 to 6 billion.
SLT-MOBITEL teams worked around the clock to repair damaged fibre routes, recover flooded cabinets, and restore thousands of access nodes affected by the cyclone. In areas where fibre infrastructure was severely damaged, the company deployed temporary Fixed Wireless Access (FWA) facilities, helping communities, emergency responders, and essential services stay connected. Priority restoration was extended to hospitals, government agencies, and enterprise customers, helping with the continuity of critical national operations during the emergency.
SLT-MOBITEL also launched the 247 National Medical Helpline, a dedicated, round-the-clock support service introduced in collaboration with the University of Colombo. Within the first week of the launch, the medical helpline received a large volume of calls as the initiative provided immediate initial medical guidance to individuals facing injuries, infections, waterborne diseases, and other health complications. The service was powered by SLT-MOBITEL’s national connectivity backbone and a team of medical professionals arranged by the University of Colombo. The helpline became a vital public service, demonstrating the company’s commitment to supporting Sri Lankans in crisis and recovery through resilient infrastructure and accessible, people-centred communication. More importantly, the service was made available to all network providers, guaranteeing no one was excluded from receiving medical assistance islandwide.
SLT-MOBITEL worked closely with the Ministry of Defence, serving as the connectivity solutions provider for national disaster response efforts. With the support of the Sri Lanka Army, field teams were able to swiftly access affected sites, enabling faster repairs, safer operations, and the restoration of services in some of the most challenging terrains. The partnership highlighted the critical role of telecommunications in national security, emergency coordination, and public safety, with the Army’s contributions acknowledged with gratitude.
In addition to network restoration, SLT-MOBITEL extended critical national-level support to various government institutes, sustaining essential public services during the disaster period. As a result of the services provided, SLT-MOBITEL secured uninterrupted operations and dependable connectivity for these vital national institutes.
Within one week of the cyclone, SLT-MOBITEL had successfully restored over 98 percent of the sites impacted by the cyclone, with only a small number of locations in the most severely affected districts, pending access clearance. The company continues to address individual customer connections and any remaining access nodes, despite significant human resource and environmental challenges. Throughout the recovery period, customers demonstrated commendable patience and understanding, which greatly supported the restoration efforts.
The disaster has also highlighted the urgent need for long-term national network resilience. SLT-MOBITEL is advocating for the accelerated undergrounding of high-risk fibre routes, prioritised access to bridge ducts, and fast-tracked power restoration protocols during emergencies. The company is also advancing the migration of copper-based access networks to fibre.
As Sri Lanka’s National ICT Solutions Provider, SLT-MOBITEL is committed to keeping the nation connected in every crisis. The rapid restoration efforts, cross-government support, and dedication to public service reiterates the company’s mission to rise above commercial operations, upholding the role as the country’s trusted digital lifeline.
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