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New Global Multidimensional Poverty Index Report reveals nearly 80% of world’s poor live in regions exposed to climate hazards
Nearly 8 in 10 people living in multidimensional poverty – 887 million out of 1.1 billion globally – are directly exposed to climate hazards such as extreme heat, flooding, drought, or air pollution, according to a new report released last Friday by the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) and the Oxford Poverty and Human Initiative (OPHI) at the University of Oxford.
The 2025 Global Multidimensional Poverty Index (MPI) report “Overlapping Hardships: Poverty and Climate Hazards”, released ahead of the COP30 climate summit in Brazil, presents new evidence that the climate crisis is reshaping global poverty. By overlaying climate hazard data with multidimensional poverty data for the first time, the findings reveal a world where poverty is not just a standalone socio-economic issue but one that is deeply interlinked with planetary pressures and instability.
Exposure to climate hazards likely exacerbates the daily challenges faced by people living in poverty, reinforcing and deepening their disadvantages. The report finds that among those assessed to be living in acute multidimensional poverty – spanning health, education, and living standards – an overwhelming 651 million endure two or more climate hazards, while 309 million face three or four hazards simultaneously.
“Our new research shows that to address global poverty and create a more stable world for everyone, we must confront the climate risks endangering nearly 900 million poor people,” said Haoliang Xu, UNDP Acting Administrator. “When world leaders meet in Brazil for the Climate Conference, COP30, next month, their national climate pledges must revitalize the stagnating development progress that threatens to leave the world’s poorest people behind.”
The findings emphasize that poor people globally are often confronting multiple, concurrent environmental challenges rather than a single one in isolation.
• Of the 887 million poor people exposed to at least one climate hazard, 651 million face two or more concurrent hazards.
• Alarmingly, 309 million poor people live in regions exposed to three or four overlapping climate hazards while experiencing acute multidimensional poverty. These individuals face a “triple or quadruple burden,” often possessing limited assets and minimal access to social protection systems, amplifying the negative effects of the shocks.
• Individually, the most widespread hazards affecting poor people globally are high heat (608 million) and air pollution (577 million). Flood-prone regions are home to 465 million poor people, while 207 million live in areas affected by drought.
“This report shows where the climate crisis and poverty are notably converging. Understanding where the planet is under greatest strain and where people face additional burdens created by climate challenges is essential to creating mutually reinforcing development strategies that put humanity at the centre of climate action,” said co-author, Sabina Alkire, Director of the Oxford Poverty and Human Development Initiative.
The burden of exposure is distributed unevenly across regions and income groups.
• South Asia and Sub-Saharan Africa are identified as global hotspots for these compounded hardships, accounting for the largest numbers of poor people living in regions affected by climate hazards (380 million and 344 million respectively).
• In South Asia, the exposure is nearly universal; fully 99.1 percent of poor people in the region are exposed to one or more climate shocks (380 million people), with 91.6 percent (351 million) facing two or more, much higher than any other world region. Despite making momentous and historic strides in poverty reduction, South Asia must also accelerate climate action.
• Across income groups, lower-middle-income countries bear the greatest burden of exposure of poor people to climate hazards, both in terms of absolute number and high proportion. About 548 million poor people in lower-middle-income countries are estimated to be exposed to at least one climate hazard, representing 61.8% of global poor people who are exposed to any climate hazard. Critically, over 470 million poor people in lower-middle-income countries confront two or more, concurrent climate hazards simultaneously.
“The burdens identified are not limited to the present but are expected to intensify in the future,” said Pedro Conceição, Director of the Human Development Report Office, UNDP. Analysis of temperature projection data reveals that countries with higher current levels of multidimensional poverty are predicted to experience the greatest increases in temperatures by the end of this century.
These findings highlight the urgent need for global action to address the unequal burden of climate-related hazards on people living in multidimensional poverty. Confronting these overlapping risks requires moving from recognition to action, emphasizing the need for climate-resilient poverty reduction strategies, strengthened local capacities for adaptation, and scaled international redistribution and cooperative finance mechanisms.
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SJB: China, India taking advantage of Lanka’s unregulated oil market
… questions why the price of a by-product like kerosene was jacked up
China Petrochemical Corporation (Sinopec Group) and Indian Oil Corporation Lanka (IOC PLC) have increased the prices of certain products significantly more than the Ceylon Petroleum Corporation (CPC). However, the fourth player in the market R.M. Parks, a US company in collaboration with Shell that launched operations here in late February last year, has increased its prices in line with Ceypetco.
Convener of the Samagi Joint Trade Union Alliance, Ananda Palitha, yesterday (23) told The Island that foreign players had immensely benefited from the latest price revision at the expense of Sri Lankan consumers.
Alleging that Sinopec and Lanka IOC PLC had become a law unto themselves, Palitha pointed out that the failure on the part of successive governments to establish an Independent Commission and Regulatory Authority for the petroleum sector had allowed Ceypetco and all foreign players to do as they please. Palitha said that in the absence of proper regulatory mechanism, CPC/Energy Ministry should ensure genuine competitiveness in the market.
Palitha said that the NPP government had exploited the ongoing Middle East war to earn unconscionable profits at a time the economy was reeling under the impact of the Hormuz Strait blockade. According to him, all four players increased Auto Diesel by Rs. 79 to Rs. 382 per litre, and Octane 92 Petrol by Rs. 81 to Rs. 398 per litre, while Sinopec and Lanka IOC PLC price list differed in respect of other products. At most filling stations Octane 92 was not available and only higher priced Octane 95 petrol was available.
Pointing out that since the eruption of the Middle East conflict, on 28 February, the NPP had twice increased fuel prices on 09 and 22 March, Palitha said that the government could have cushioned the impact by lowering taxes imposed on crude oil and refined petroleum products. Instead, the latest price revisions resulted in further increase of customs duties, VAT and Port and Airport Development Levy. Additional duties often apply, such as a surcharge tax, on diesel and petrol.
Since the entry of Lanka IOC into the market in 2003, Sinopec in 2023 and R.M. Parks in 2025 eroded the CPC share and, at the moment, it was down to about 57%, and the private players accounted for the rest. Palitha placed the number of filling stations players authorised to operate at Ceypetco (836), Lanka IOC (274) and Sinopec and R.M. Parks 150 each.
Palitha said Lanka IOC has increased Petrol Octane 95 to Rs. 487 a litre whereas the CPC priced the same at Rs. 455) a litre. Lanka IOC and Ceypetco have priced a litre of Super diesel at Rs. 572 and Rs. 443, respectively.
LIOC has also revised its premium fuel categories, with Xtra Premium Petrol priced at Rs. 465, Xtra Mile at Rs. 551, and Xtra Green Diesel at Rs. 588.
Claiming that the government had twice increased the prices of old petroleum stocks, procured at a maximum USD 70 a barrel, weeks, if not months, before the new war, Palitha found fault with the Opposition for not launching a sustained campaign against the exploitation of the public. Palitha said that the increase of a litre of kerosene by Rs. 13 on 09 March and Rs. 60 on 22 March was unjustifiable. “The people do not know that kerosene is a by-product in the process of refining crude oil. Sapugaskanda produces LPG, naphtha, petrol, diesel, kerosene and furnace oil.”
The price of a litre of kerosene to had been increased to Rs 255, Palitha said, adding that it could have been provided to the needy at a much lower rate. If those who represent Parliament bothered to study the issues at hand, they would be able to challenge the government on this disgraceful manipulation of the entire country, he said.
Palitha said that the Parliament owed an explanation as to why the Commission to regulate the oil trade hadn’t been appointed and whether some interested parties financially benefited at the expense of the country.
Palitha said that the introduction of the QR code to control fuel sales and the increase of the fuel quota last Sunday night had been used to deceive the public when those in power and their friends in the industry made money at the expense of the public.
By Shamindra Ferdinando
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SL to redevelop Trinco tank farm expeditiously
Sri Lanka is planning to fast-track the redevelopment of the Trincomalee oil tank farm as a long-term solution to its ongoing energy crisis, with backing from India and the United Arab Emirates, The Hindu has reported.
Foreign Minister Vijitha Herath said the project, which involves restoring World War II-era oil storage facilities in the eastern district, is seen as a “permanent solution” to managing fuel supply challenges.
“Temporary solutions are not sustainable. We need a long-term strategy to deal with oil storage and distribution, given the global energy situation,” he told The Hindu.
The initiative follows a Memorandum of Understanding signed in April 2025 between Sri Lanka, India, and the UAE to develop Trincomalee as a regional energy hub.
Despite previous delays spanning decades, the project has gained renewed urgency amid the current global energy crisis, which has disrupted supply chains and driven up fuel costs.
Sri Lanka has already submitted a concept proposal to its partners, while technical aspects are being reviewed by the Energy Ministry before moving to the tender stage, according to the report.
The renewed push also marks a notable policy shift, as the ruling administration, led by the National People’s Power, had previously opposed Indian involvement in the project.
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