Features
Kuppi Talk:
setting the terms of the debate on education
by Sivamohan Sumathy
“Free Education is not something in the sky. I can touch it, I can feel it.”
A student in a basic writing skills class writes the line above, to my infinite amazement. I have never come across a sentiment related to free education so simply, so evocatively and so theoretically expressed. As battles rage across newspapers and the social media, among politicians and policy planners, and among educationists and administrators, I hold onto this expressive pronouncement of this student, who struggled to articulate her sentiment about free education in a language she was just beginning to feel is her own. She captures all that is meaningful in our universities; access, coming into knowledge, and coming into a knowing of the world around us, known among other things, as social mobility and as an awareness of one’s place in the country, society and the world.
Education has been one of the cornerstones of what citizenship means in material terms. Access to institutions of power, locally and nationally, and access to community, culture, media and other institutions of authority and position, have been mediated by the great mobilities afforded by education. Education is what has made each of us become conscious of ourselves, individually and as a society, even in a fractured sense (divided by multiple social factors) of a certain responsibility that we have toward ourselves. At the broadest, this responsibility urges us to comprehend and articulate the role of the citizen in education. It empowers and behoves us to act as conscious agents of change who will become a part of a critical mass of intellectual activity, initiating and complementing political activity at multiple fronts. I will call this a movement toward democracy that we have to cherish in education.
Crisis of Education and Crisis in Education: Corporate skills and privatisation of state institutions
This dynamic social process is under stress and the empowering agencies of education are under siege. There is a two-fold challenge facing education today. There is a crisis of education and a crisis in education and they are related. The crisis of education is that of losing sight of its democratic potential, the twin task of empowering the socially marginalized and rearticulating a view of the world within a mobilisation for greater democratisation. It is about the content of our education and its objectives. Whom do we serve as educators? The people, understood as those who are emerging as actors but not yet there as the powerful, or those already in authority and in positions of power, in other words, the corporate sector? The crisis in education is the disempowerment of education itself, its institutions, its subjects, teachers and students, and the erosion of its principles by forces that are quite external to it, market forces.
Let me first look at how market forces are privileged and how such a privileging act is detrimental to us. In the current context, globalization is another name for the rapid development of capitalist financialization, and a dissolution of labour as a collective force and as a movement toward socialized citizenry. Today’s market driven policies view education as a commodity, a package of skills and competencies that have nothing to do with self, person, society. It is dissociated from the mental and physical welfare of the student, the academia and society as a whole. Secondly, the educational institute, particularly the university, is on the brink of losing its understanding of its own self. This is ironic, for the university has long been understood as the place where the terms of debate on the role of learning and teaching and the connections between learning and society have been set out. It is not a bad idea for this notion to be challenged, but what is happening today is that this role has been offset by narrowly political and politicised forces on the right.
Together, they point to a slow debilitation of the institutions of education, whose broad objectives had been at one level an indepth understanding of a subject, the discipline per se, and on the other, a meta theoretical and political narrative of critical consciousness as Paulo Friere most famously stressed in Pedagogy of the Oppressed. We are, in fact, witnessing the slow disempowerment of those who people education and its institutes, students, teachers, parents and others.
Universities and schools are under severe financial stress, one of the political atrocities committed upon them by successive governments. There is constant pressure upon universities to generate their own funds, opening the door to privatisation, through fee levying courses. Simultaneously, current, and dominant trends attempt to turn education itself into a set of corporate goods, through a fragmented, shallow mimicry of learning, calling for “skills” and “competencies.” We are daily accosted by circulars, surveys, studies, directives, lectures, ranging from authoritarian command to psychological pressure and lures, pushing for corporate skills instead of learning. Frequently, studies claiming to be rigorous research, undertaken by various agencies, provide rationalisations of commodification, corporatization and privatisation of education. World Bank country studies on Sri Lanka are notorious in this regard, and have been buttressed by studies by Pathfinder Foundation, IPS and others. The latest in this series is a British Council document The Role of Tertiary Education in Development that has made its way into the reading list of some universities.
In this neo liberal framework of the University, the teacher is a facilitator of knowledge, while the student is at the supermarket buying a package of goods for consumption. But neither the teacher nor the student is empowered in this new deal. The student-customer can only window shop at an empty super-market, while the teacher becomes a salesperson of goods that do not sustain either an economy or a socio-political culture.
The Myth of the Unemployable Graduate
The current estimate (2020) for unemployment is 5.4 %, as revealed by Sri Lanka Labour Force Survey, though the huge informal sector is not accounted for in this calculation. There is no clear measure of the unemployment rate of graduates in the state system. A tracer study done by the UGC in 2018 finds an overwhelmingly large number of Arts Graduates unemployed. Yet, a scrutiny of the research design and findings show untenable correlations and serious research bias, in instances like where the report says that of the 1265 participants, the overwhelming number of responses is from Arts Graduates. Such lopsidedness colours the findings. The study also draws our attention to the larger proportion of unemployed females compared to male graduates. Yet, there is no further exploration of this circumstance. The study suggests the availability of jobs and that if a graduate is not employed it is a “fault” in the student, or in the student’s circumstance. It never gets down to examining the availability of jobs and the places where jobs are most abundantly found. In the deliberations of the study, unemployment is causally attributed to the unemployability of the graduate. Yet, Sri Lanka: Labour Demand Survey 2017, of the Census and Statistics Department offers data for the Private Sector, demonstrating very clearly that many of the available jobs are in the apparel sector and security services; neither of which require a degree.
Forging a praxis
Education cannot just be about numbers and facts. A study of employment needs to raise questions concerning relations between the state, institutions, economy, education, culture and society. It is not a one-way traffic of authoritarian dicta, authoritarian inanities. At the outset, one needs to rethink assumptions about employability and employment. If we think of education as dynamic movements of co-existence, within the economy and society, centering the marginal, raising critical questions about justice, and undertaking explorations of society in that regard, we may arrive at a formulation where nobody is unemployable. For this, we need a careful in-depth study of circumstance. Our student is a part of that circumstance and is a dynamic social agent shaping that circumstance. It is the premise that we must begin with and hope to achieve. We must first eschew terms like employability, a dead end, and instead think of employment as an endless road, with infinite possibilities.
In outlining some of the immediate concerns about current trends besieging education, and in conceptualising education as a live, dialogic act of the subject as the individual and as a collective force, I have reinterpreted my student’s words as the greater empowerment of the vast number of people in this country. We need a better provision of education, greater democratisation of education and a grander vision for ourselves. With these thoughts we launch our fortnightly column on education: Kuppi Talk, where we will explore a range of issues concerning education and its potential to make for a better world in the weeks to come.
kuppitalk@gmail.com
Features
US’ drastic aid cut to UN poses moral challenge to world
‘Adapt, shrink or die’ – thus runs the warning issued by the Trump administration to UN humanitarian agencies with brute insensitivity in the wake of its recent decision to drastically reduce to $2bn its humanitarian aid to the UN system. This is a substantial climb down from the $17bn the US usually provided to the UN for its humanitarian operations.
Considering that the US has hitherto been the UN’s biggest aid provider, it need hardly be said that the US decision would pose a daunting challenge to the UN’s humanitarian operations around the world. This would indeed mean that, among other things, people living in poverty and stifling material hardships, in particularly the Southern hemisphere, could dramatically increase. Coming on top of the US decision to bring to an end USAID operations, the poor of the world could be said to have been left to their devices as a consequence of these morally insensitive policy rethinks of the Trump administration.
Earlier, the UN had warned that it would be compelled to reduce its aid programs in the face of ‘the deepest funding cuts ever.’ In fact the UN is on record as requesting the world for $23bn for its 2026 aid operations.
If this UN appeal happens to go unheeded, the possibilities are that the UN would not be in a position to uphold the status it has hitherto held as the world’s foremost humanitarian aid provider. It would not be incorrect to state that a substantial part of the rationale for the UN’s existence could come in for questioning if its humanitarian identity is thus eroded.
Inherent in these developments is a challenge for those sections of the international community that wish to stand up and be counted as humanists and the ‘Conscience of the World.’ A responsibility is cast on them to not only keep the UN system going but to also ensure its increased efficiency as a humanitarian aid provider to particularly the poorest of the poor.
It is unfortunate that the US is increasingly opting for a position of international isolation. Such a policy position was adopted by it in the decades leading to World War Two and the consequences for the world as a result for this policy posture were most disquieting. For instance, it opened the door to the flourishing of dictatorial regimes in the West, such as that led by Adolph Hitler in Germany, which nearly paved the way for the subjugation of a good part of Europe by the Nazis.
If the US had not intervened militarily in the war on the side of the Allies, the West would have faced the distressing prospect of coming under the sway of the Nazis and as a result earned indefinite political and military repression. By entering World War Two the US helped to ward off these bleak outcomes and indeed helped the major democracies of Western Europe to hold their own and thrive against fascism and dictatorial rule.
Republican administrations in the US in particular have not proved the greatest defenders of democratic rule the world over, but by helping to keep the international power balance in favour of democracy and fundamental human rights they could keep under a tight leash fascism and linked anti-democratic forces even in contemporary times. Russia’s invasion and continued occupation of parts of Ukraine reminds us starkly that the democracy versus fascism battle is far from over.
Right now, the US needs to remain on the side of the rest of the West very firmly, lest fascism enjoys another unfettered lease of life through the absence of countervailing and substantial military and political power.
However, by reducing its financial support for the UN and backing away from sustaining its humanitarian programs the world over the US could be laying the ground work for an aggravation of poverty in the South in particular and its accompaniments, such as, political repression, runaway social discontent and anarchy.
What should not go unnoticed by the US is the fact that peace and social stability in the South and the flourishing of the same conditions in the global North are symbiotically linked, although not so apparent at first blush. For instance, if illegal migration from the South to the US is a major problem for the US today, it is because poor countries are not receiving development assistance from the UN system to the required degree. Such deprivation on the part of the South leads to aggravating social discontent in the latter and consequences such as illegal migratory movements from South to North.
Accordingly, it will be in the North’s best interests to ensure that the South is not deprived of sustained development assistance since the latter is an essential condition for social contentment and stable governance, which factors in turn would guard against the emergence of phenomena such as illegal migration.
Meanwhile, democratic sections of the rest of the world in particular need to consider it a matter of conscience to ensure the sustenance and flourishing of the UN system. To be sure, the UN system is considerably flawed but at present it could be called the most equitable and fair among international development organizations and the most far-flung one. Without it world poverty would have proved unmanageable along with the ills that come along with it.
Dehumanizing poverty is an indictment on humanity. It stands to reason that the world community should rally round the UN and ensure its survival lest the abomination which is poverty flourishes. In this undertaking the world needs to stand united. Ambiguities on this score could be self-defeating for the world community.
For example, all groupings of countries that could demonstrate economic muscle need to figure prominently in this initiative. One such grouping is BRICS. Inasmuch as the US and the West should shrug aside Realpolitik considerations in this enterprise, the same goes for organizations such as BRICS.
The arrival at the above international consensus would be greatly facilitated by stepped up dialogue among states on the continued importance of the UN system. Fresh efforts to speed-up UN reform would prove major catalysts in bringing about these positive changes as well. Also requiring to be shunned is the blind pursuit of narrow national interests.
Features
Egg white scene …
Hi! Great to be back after my Christmas break.
Thought of starting this week with egg white.
Yes, eggs are brimming with nutrients beneficial for your overall health and wellness, but did you know that eggs, especially the whites, are excellent for your complexion?
OK, if you have no idea about how to use egg whites for your face, read on.
Egg White, Lemon, Honey:
Separate the yolk from the egg white and add about a teaspoon of freshly squeezed lemon juice and about one and a half teaspoons of organic honey. Whisk all the ingredients together until they are mixed well.
Apply this mixture to your face and allow it to rest for about 15 minutes before cleansing your face with a gentle face wash.
Don’t forget to apply your favourite moisturiser, after using this face mask, to help seal in all the goodness.
Egg White, Avocado:
In a clean mixing bowl, start by mashing the avocado, until it turns into a soft, lump-free paste, and then add the whites of one egg, a teaspoon of yoghurt and mix everything together until it looks like a creamy paste.
Apply this mixture all over your face and neck area, and leave it on for about 20 to 30 minutes before washing it off with cold water and a gentle face wash.
Egg White, Cucumber, Yoghurt:
In a bowl, add one egg white, one teaspoon each of yoghurt, fresh cucumber juice and organic honey. Mix all the ingredients together until it forms a thick paste.
Apply this paste all over your face and neck area and leave it on for at least 20 minutes and then gently rinse off this face mask with lukewarm water and immediately follow it up with a gentle and nourishing moisturiser.
Egg White, Aloe Vera, Castor Oil:
To the egg white, add about a teaspoon each of aloe vera gel and castor oil and then mix all the ingredients together and apply it all over your face and neck area in a thin, even layer.
Leave it on for about 20 minutes and wash it off with a gentle face wash and some cold water. Follow it up with your favourite moisturiser.
Features
Confusion cropping up with Ne-Yo in the spotlight
Superlatives galore were used, especially on social media, to highlight R&B singer Ne-Yo’s trip to Sri Lanka: Global superstar Ne-Yo to perform live in Colombo this December; Ne-Yo concert puts Sri Lanka back on the global entertainment map; A global music sensation is coming to Sri Lanka … and there were lots more!
At an official press conference, held at a five-star venue, in Colombo, it was indicated that the gathering marked a defining moment for Sri Lanka’s entertainment industry as international R&B powerhouse and three-time Grammy Award winner Ne-Yo prepares to take the stage in Colombo this December.
What’s more, the occasion was graced by the presence of Sunil Kumara Gamage, Minister of Sports & Youth Affairs of Sri Lanka, and Professor Ruwan Ranasinghe, Deputy Minister of Tourism, alongside distinguished dignitaries, sponsors, and members of the media.
According to reports, the concert had received the official endorsement of the Sri Lanka Tourism Promotion Bureau, recognising it as a flagship initiative in developing the country’s concert economy by attracting fans, and media, from all over South Asia.
However, I had that strange feeling that this concert would not become a reality, keeping in mind what happened to Nick Carter’s Colombo concert – cancelled at the very last moment.
Carter issued a video message announcing he had to return to the USA due to “unforeseen circumstances” and a “family emergency”.
Though “unforeseen circumstances” was the official reason provided by Carter and the local organisers, there was speculation that low ticket sales may also have been a factor in the cancellation.
Well, “Unforeseen Circumstances” has cropped up again!
In a brief statement, via social media, the organisers of the Ne-Yo concert said the decision was taken due to “unforeseen circumstances and factors beyond their control.”
Ne-Yo, too, subsequently made an announcement, citing “Unforeseen circumstances.”
The public has a right to know what these “unforeseen circumstances” are, and who is to be blamed – the organisers or Ne-Yo!
Ne-Yo’s management certainly need to come out with the truth.
However, those who are aware of some of the happenings in the setup here put it down to poor ticket sales, mentioning that the tickets for the concert, and a meet-and-greet event, were exorbitantly high, considering that Ne-Yo is not a current mega star.
We also had a cancellation coming our way from Shah Rukh Khan, who was scheduled to visit Sri Lanka for the City of Dreams resort launch, and then this was received: “Unfortunately due to unforeseen personal reasons beyond his control, Mr. Khan is no longer able to attend.”
Referring to this kind of mess up, a leading showbiz personality said that it will only make people reluctant to buy their tickets, online.
“Tickets will go mostly at the gate and it will be very bad for the industry,” he added.
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