Features
Ineffective state sector needs urgent cultural reset
By Rienzie Wijetilleke
(rienzietwij@gmail.com)
Sri Lanka like many other countries has multiple economic challenges due to the COVID-19 pandemic, but it is important to understand that these challenges were not caused by the pandemic; they were exacerbated by it. Sri Lanka has struggled to attract foreign direct investment despite being considered a frontier economy, and relies heavily on remittances from migrant workers. We have a large bloated state sector that does not add anywhere near enough value to Sri Lankans in their day to day lives. Many will agree that the sector as a whole is ineffective, inefficient and unproductive. We have borrowed heavily for infrastructure and development projects, some of which are not yielding adequate revenue or benefits for the people. We have high tax rates on businesses and consumption, and that restricts investments, expansions and the consumption cycle. The bureaucracy has introduced numerous barriers to starting new businesses, and there is no culture of cutting edge research and development and virtually no scope for innovation. The poorest areas of Sri Lanka have remained the same for decades; upward social mobility occurs for a select few in the middle class but is non-existent for the poorest whose lives have not improved for several decades. Whether you need to start a business or build a house, there is no shortage of obstacles to tackle from the Grama Niladhari level to the local government authorities right up to the minister; people are sent from pillar to post for the most routine work.
As much as the pandemic has destroyed economic prospects in 2020, we must accept that our issues will not disappear even after we contain the spread of the virus. Sri Lanka has lacked a national framework for development, with ad hoc policies leading to a borrow-and-spend culture, awaiting the next construction boom to give an illusion of development. The elected political leadership has succeeded in amending the Constitution; they have a huge majority in Parliament and a clear mandate to do whatever is necessary for the common good. Against this backdrop, I believe that we must start setting reasonable short, medium and long-term goals and build a private sector culture around the way our ministries and its ministers operate.
In line with corporate norms, the Prime Minister or the President should appoint a Special Cabinet Minister without a specific portfolio to monitor the progress of each ministry and whether they are performing in line with the targets set out by the Prime Minister. This is the type of supervision that must become part of the culture of public service. There should be quarterly updates and reports provided to the Executive and to the Parliament. If a Ministry shows a consistent inability to meet these preset targets, then hard decisions need to be taken.
Anybody involved in the corporate sector, at any level, can attest to the multiple ‘key performance indicators’ (KPIs) that they must achieve each year. The checks and balances (audits), the progress meetings, brain-storming sessions, interdependence on different teams with varying skill sets, all built upon a structure that is moving in a single direction toward pre-set objectives. Sri Lanka has no shortage of organisations that not only established themselves during dire economic circumstances, but thrived and grew to be major local, regional and international players. There is a culture of excellence that exists in Sri Lanka’s private sector, and now we need to transfer this culture to the state sector. As fantastical as it sounds, it might be the only way to dig the country out of this current mess.
All eyes should be focused on the new Cabinet and how they organise themselves to work for the country. We have a Minister for Labour, Education, Health, Transportation, Trade, Agriculture, Plantations, Tourism, Ports etc. How many of these ministries have successfully managed themselves over the past several years and even decades?
Is the labour force better equipped to meet the challenges of the technological revolution? Have gaps in vocational training been plugged? Have conditions for workers improved? Has our education system been updated or the curriculum modernised? What is the plan for tourism? According to some estimates, tourist arrivals are not expected to recover to pre-Covid levels for two years. Have agricultural policies made Sri Lanka more self-reliant, more sustainable? Why does Sri Lanka have a public transport system and a private bus mafia with neither of them operating in a manner that can be described as a public ‘service’?
Many of the Cabinet Ministers are career politicians, with plenty of experience. However, the public has little faith in them; all hope rests on the President and the Prime Minister. Strong management is the key to success, not micro-management, not top down authoritarianism; A well-crafted policy delegated to professionals within a structured institution is the only way forward. Members of the Cabinet have track records, some running into several decades. Review their performances and note what they have achieved and where they have failed. Ascertain reasons for failure to perform and see how to rectify these issues.
The President and the Prime Minister must set targets for each Minister, prioritize the most pressing issues in each ministry bearing in mind at all times that the raison d’être of these expensive offices is to meet the social and economic needs of the people, the ultimate pay masters. Senior Ministers should provide detailed plans to the Prime Minister, stating what they hope to achieve and how, within a specified time frame. There should be cost-benefit analyses conducted and the Prime Minister should decide what the priorities are, in line with national objectives and take strict action against ‘non-performers’. Perhaps, the Prime Minister can rank his top five ministers every 3-6 months, based on specific KPIs and publish the list so the people can see who is working for them, and more importantly, who is not.
Unless we change the culture of public service, we will exist in a perpetual state of fire-fighting, running from one emergency to the next. Sri Lanka’s public sector still operates with a colonial mindset, officials at every level of government behave like governors and not as public servants. We see how the people are treated at public offices and institutions, every Sri Lankan has witnessed firsthand the bureaucratic inertia of most of the ministries. Absenteeism, lack of supervision and accountability, disorganised or nonexistent information systems and unproductive officers are just some of the hallmarks of Sri Lanka’s public service.
What is truly disappointing is that there are so many intelligent, well-meaning patriots whose best efforts are often diluted by their inefficient peers. Political appointees diminish a public servant’s aspirations as they usually hit a ceiling and cannot meaningfully progress, which leads to demotivation. Entering Sri Lanka’s public service requires passing a competitive written examination (Ceylon Administrative Service Examination), which is known to be extremely challenging and thus, we can assume that those who enter the state service are some of the brightest and most academically gifted individuals in the country. However, once you gain entry to the state service, complacency seems to set in, and it, more often than not, leads to a sense of entitlement that is also exuded from the very top. If the Secretary or the Minister does not challenge their staff and set an example, this will be reflected in the performance of the ministry as a whole. This culture exists and needs to be eradicated urgently.
It is a strongly held belief that in the state sector, three people are required to do one person’s job with no visible results whereas in the private sector, one person does the job of three people with visible and measurable results. A Cabinet Minister receives many entitlements and benefits–– vehicles, housing, security, staff, offices and seemingly unlimited expense accounts, all at the people’s expense. To these Cabinet Ministers, we have to add Deputy Ministers, Junior Ministers, State Minister, Governors, Mayors, Provincial Counselors; the list goes on. Is it too much to ask that the privileges that accompany these lofty positions are justified with the delivery of some tangible results within a reasonable time frame?
Features
US’ drastic aid cut to UN poses moral challenge to world
‘Adapt, shrink or die’ – thus runs the warning issued by the Trump administration to UN humanitarian agencies with brute insensitivity in the wake of its recent decision to drastically reduce to $2bn its humanitarian aid to the UN system. This is a substantial climb down from the $17bn the US usually provided to the UN for its humanitarian operations.
Considering that the US has hitherto been the UN’s biggest aid provider, it need hardly be said that the US decision would pose a daunting challenge to the UN’s humanitarian operations around the world. This would indeed mean that, among other things, people living in poverty and stifling material hardships, in particularly the Southern hemisphere, could dramatically increase. Coming on top of the US decision to bring to an end USAID operations, the poor of the world could be said to have been left to their devices as a consequence of these morally insensitive policy rethinks of the Trump administration.
Earlier, the UN had warned that it would be compelled to reduce its aid programs in the face of ‘the deepest funding cuts ever.’ In fact the UN is on record as requesting the world for $23bn for its 2026 aid operations.
If this UN appeal happens to go unheeded, the possibilities are that the UN would not be in a position to uphold the status it has hitherto held as the world’s foremost humanitarian aid provider. It would not be incorrect to state that a substantial part of the rationale for the UN’s existence could come in for questioning if its humanitarian identity is thus eroded.
Inherent in these developments is a challenge for those sections of the international community that wish to stand up and be counted as humanists and the ‘Conscience of the World.’ A responsibility is cast on them to not only keep the UN system going but to also ensure its increased efficiency as a humanitarian aid provider to particularly the poorest of the poor.
It is unfortunate that the US is increasingly opting for a position of international isolation. Such a policy position was adopted by it in the decades leading to World War Two and the consequences for the world as a result for this policy posture were most disquieting. For instance, it opened the door to the flourishing of dictatorial regimes in the West, such as that led by Adolph Hitler in Germany, which nearly paved the way for the subjugation of a good part of Europe by the Nazis.
If the US had not intervened militarily in the war on the side of the Allies, the West would have faced the distressing prospect of coming under the sway of the Nazis and as a result earned indefinite political and military repression. By entering World War Two the US helped to ward off these bleak outcomes and indeed helped the major democracies of Western Europe to hold their own and thrive against fascism and dictatorial rule.
Republican administrations in the US in particular have not proved the greatest defenders of democratic rule the world over, but by helping to keep the international power balance in favour of democracy and fundamental human rights they could keep under a tight leash fascism and linked anti-democratic forces even in contemporary times. Russia’s invasion and continued occupation of parts of Ukraine reminds us starkly that the democracy versus fascism battle is far from over.
Right now, the US needs to remain on the side of the rest of the West very firmly, lest fascism enjoys another unfettered lease of life through the absence of countervailing and substantial military and political power.
However, by reducing its financial support for the UN and backing away from sustaining its humanitarian programs the world over the US could be laying the ground work for an aggravation of poverty in the South in particular and its accompaniments, such as, political repression, runaway social discontent and anarchy.
What should not go unnoticed by the US is the fact that peace and social stability in the South and the flourishing of the same conditions in the global North are symbiotically linked, although not so apparent at first blush. For instance, if illegal migration from the South to the US is a major problem for the US today, it is because poor countries are not receiving development assistance from the UN system to the required degree. Such deprivation on the part of the South leads to aggravating social discontent in the latter and consequences such as illegal migratory movements from South to North.
Accordingly, it will be in the North’s best interests to ensure that the South is not deprived of sustained development assistance since the latter is an essential condition for social contentment and stable governance, which factors in turn would guard against the emergence of phenomena such as illegal migration.
Meanwhile, democratic sections of the rest of the world in particular need to consider it a matter of conscience to ensure the sustenance and flourishing of the UN system. To be sure, the UN system is considerably flawed but at present it could be called the most equitable and fair among international development organizations and the most far-flung one. Without it world poverty would have proved unmanageable along with the ills that come along with it.
Dehumanizing poverty is an indictment on humanity. It stands to reason that the world community should rally round the UN and ensure its survival lest the abomination which is poverty flourishes. In this undertaking the world needs to stand united. Ambiguities on this score could be self-defeating for the world community.
For example, all groupings of countries that could demonstrate economic muscle need to figure prominently in this initiative. One such grouping is BRICS. Inasmuch as the US and the West should shrug aside Realpolitik considerations in this enterprise, the same goes for organizations such as BRICS.
The arrival at the above international consensus would be greatly facilitated by stepped up dialogue among states on the continued importance of the UN system. Fresh efforts to speed-up UN reform would prove major catalysts in bringing about these positive changes as well. Also requiring to be shunned is the blind pursuit of narrow national interests.
Features
Egg white scene …
Hi! Great to be back after my Christmas break.
Thought of starting this week with egg white.
Yes, eggs are brimming with nutrients beneficial for your overall health and wellness, but did you know that eggs, especially the whites, are excellent for your complexion?
OK, if you have no idea about how to use egg whites for your face, read on.
Egg White, Lemon, Honey:
Separate the yolk from the egg white and add about a teaspoon of freshly squeezed lemon juice and about one and a half teaspoons of organic honey. Whisk all the ingredients together until they are mixed well.
Apply this mixture to your face and allow it to rest for about 15 minutes before cleansing your face with a gentle face wash.
Don’t forget to apply your favourite moisturiser, after using this face mask, to help seal in all the goodness.
Egg White, Avocado:
In a clean mixing bowl, start by mashing the avocado, until it turns into a soft, lump-free paste, and then add the whites of one egg, a teaspoon of yoghurt and mix everything together until it looks like a creamy paste.
Apply this mixture all over your face and neck area, and leave it on for about 20 to 30 minutes before washing it off with cold water and a gentle face wash.
Egg White, Cucumber, Yoghurt:
In a bowl, add one egg white, one teaspoon each of yoghurt, fresh cucumber juice and organic honey. Mix all the ingredients together until it forms a thick paste.
Apply this paste all over your face and neck area and leave it on for at least 20 minutes and then gently rinse off this face mask with lukewarm water and immediately follow it up with a gentle and nourishing moisturiser.
Egg White, Aloe Vera, Castor Oil:
To the egg white, add about a teaspoon each of aloe vera gel and castor oil and then mix all the ingredients together and apply it all over your face and neck area in a thin, even layer.
Leave it on for about 20 minutes and wash it off with a gentle face wash and some cold water. Follow it up with your favourite moisturiser.
Features
Confusion cropping up with Ne-Yo in the spotlight
Superlatives galore were used, especially on social media, to highlight R&B singer Ne-Yo’s trip to Sri Lanka: Global superstar Ne-Yo to perform live in Colombo this December; Ne-Yo concert puts Sri Lanka back on the global entertainment map; A global music sensation is coming to Sri Lanka … and there were lots more!
At an official press conference, held at a five-star venue, in Colombo, it was indicated that the gathering marked a defining moment for Sri Lanka’s entertainment industry as international R&B powerhouse and three-time Grammy Award winner Ne-Yo prepares to take the stage in Colombo this December.
What’s more, the occasion was graced by the presence of Sunil Kumara Gamage, Minister of Sports & Youth Affairs of Sri Lanka, and Professor Ruwan Ranasinghe, Deputy Minister of Tourism, alongside distinguished dignitaries, sponsors, and members of the media.
According to reports, the concert had received the official endorsement of the Sri Lanka Tourism Promotion Bureau, recognising it as a flagship initiative in developing the country’s concert economy by attracting fans, and media, from all over South Asia.
However, I had that strange feeling that this concert would not become a reality, keeping in mind what happened to Nick Carter’s Colombo concert – cancelled at the very last moment.
Carter issued a video message announcing he had to return to the USA due to “unforeseen circumstances” and a “family emergency”.
Though “unforeseen circumstances” was the official reason provided by Carter and the local organisers, there was speculation that low ticket sales may also have been a factor in the cancellation.
Well, “Unforeseen Circumstances” has cropped up again!
In a brief statement, via social media, the organisers of the Ne-Yo concert said the decision was taken due to “unforeseen circumstances and factors beyond their control.”
Ne-Yo, too, subsequently made an announcement, citing “Unforeseen circumstances.”
The public has a right to know what these “unforeseen circumstances” are, and who is to be blamed – the organisers or Ne-Yo!
Ne-Yo’s management certainly need to come out with the truth.
However, those who are aware of some of the happenings in the setup here put it down to poor ticket sales, mentioning that the tickets for the concert, and a meet-and-greet event, were exorbitantly high, considering that Ne-Yo is not a current mega star.
We also had a cancellation coming our way from Shah Rukh Khan, who was scheduled to visit Sri Lanka for the City of Dreams resort launch, and then this was received: “Unfortunately due to unforeseen personal reasons beyond his control, Mr. Khan is no longer able to attend.”
Referring to this kind of mess up, a leading showbiz personality said that it will only make people reluctant to buy their tickets, online.
“Tickets will go mostly at the gate and it will be very bad for the industry,” he added.
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