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China is leading the world in a new type of energy production!

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Thorium pellets

China is finally leading the world out of the wilderness and into the light and warmth that Thorium energy provides. They are leading the way in developing this new technology to create almost unlimited cheap clean power from Thorium that China needs so much.

Oil, gas and coal seriously pollute the planet, but influential businessmen and governments resist any change. But China has a real problem – serious pollution in its major cities caused by the burning of fossil fuels in transport, homes and to power its major industries. It has to find a reliable, safe, clean source of fuel. Chinese people are dying in their own pollution! But also, scientists and professionals around the world, are speaking to people in large meetings and warning that renewables; wind and solar and even hydro, are not reliable enough to satisfy present day commercial and industrial needs and business conditions. Clearly, the Chinese Government agrees with this assessment and have taken action.

The Chinese have taken action and invested heavily in modern, up- to-date designs for using Molten Salt Thorium to produce heat and generate electricity.

The Americans ran a Thorium experiment at Oakridge National Laboratory, Tennessee, and successfully ran a heat producing, plant non-stop for five years, in the 1960’s providing proof of principle. It was a game changer. However, the researchers had met with some serious problems such as corrosion of the reactor vessel walls by the fluoride salts used, and corrosion of the materials of which the reactor control valves were made. Also they had the problem of being unable to measure the high operating temperatures of around 500oC. But now, with advancements in metallurgy and instrumentation, these are no longer serious obstacles. This method of generating heat can be made to work successfully and it promises to become dirt cheap – by using widely available dirt! Energy from Thorium is a game changer. Importantly, the waste products are only dangerous for 300 years unlike the uranium waste from the old pressurised water power plants, and so, safe storage is much less expensive.

In a molten salt nuclear reactor, the fissile material is dissolved in heated fluoride salt (=liquid) in the reactor core. This liquid salt acts as a coolant in place of water but works at atmospheric pressure. Fission occurs in the reactor core, generating heat. The hot coolant is passed through a heat exchanger with water, so producing steam. This steam drives a turbine which generates electricity.  Engineers like fluoride, lithium or beryllium salt mixture as a coolant, hence ‘FLIBE energy.’

With thorium there are no high-pressure chambers of steam to explode and runaways are impossible because thorium reactors have walk-away safety features and if there is overheating, fusible drain plugs melt and drain the hot fluid to emergency dump tanks, below.

The Shanghai Institute of Applied Sciences, supervised by the Chinese Academy of Science, have been active. In 2011 they employed around 700 PhD researchers to investigate and design new Thorium reactors based on the Oakridge reactor design, and in 2017 they built their first experimental 2 MW prototype in the Gobi Desert, in Wuwai, Gansu province, for operational and material testing.  Because of the success they have had with these prototypes, now they plan a 10MW power plant to go into service in 2025 and a 100 megawatt to start work by 2035. China hopes to go carbon neutral in 2060.

Because these plants are scalable, they can be built large or small to suit their application. They plan to build Thorium power plants and sell them to their favoured customers. These can be managed and run by Chinese or locally trained operators. All nations need to recruit and train graduate scientists in preparation for this new technology and not be dependent on the Chinese! Jobs for graduates!

At present, 1 % of world energy comes from wind and solar and 75% comes from fossil fuels, but those percentages are not improving much each year. The whole world must move away rapidly from fossil fuels, and also, we need large amounts of energy to develop and grow our economies. Thorium is the ‘Holy Grail’ of energy production. We have to bring this technology to Sri Lanka, too.



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Opinion

Shutting roof top solar panels – a crime

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The Island newspaper’s lead news item on the 12th of April 2026 was on the CEB request to shut down rooftop solar power during the low demand periods. Their argument is that rooftop solar panels produce about 300 MW power during the day and there is no procedure to balance the grid with such a load.

We as well as a large academic and industrial consortium members have been trying to promote solar energy as a viable and sustainable power source since the early 1990’s. We formed the Solar Energy Society and made representations to Government politicians about the need to have solar power generation. This continuous promotional work contributed to the rapid increase in PV solar companies from three in the early 1990’s to over 650 active PV solar companies established today in the country. These companies have created tens of thousands of high-quality jobs, as well as moving in the right direction for sustainable development.

However, all these efforts appear to have been in vain since the CEB policy makers have continuously rejected solar energy as a viable alternative. Their power generation plans at that time did not include solar energy at all but only relied on imported coal power plants and diesel power generation. Even at the meetings where CEB senior staff were present, we emphasised the importance of installation of battery storage facilities and grid balancing for which they have done nothing at all over the past three decades. Now they have grudgingly accepted the need to include solar energy, which was an election promise of the present government. The government policy is that Sri Lanka should go for renewables to satisfy 70% of its energy needs by 2030 and soon move towards the green hydrogen technology by using solar and wind energy.

The question is why the diesel generators and hydropower stations cannot be shut off one by one to accommodate the solar power generated during the daytime. Unlike a coal-fired plant, diesel generators and hydro power plants can be shut off in a relatively shorter period of time. Norochchalai Lakvijaya power plant produces around 900 MW of power while the total country requirement is 2500 MW on a daily basis. The remainder is provided by diesel generators, hydro and other renewable energy sources.

The need for work to achieve this goal of grid balancing should be the primary responsibility of the CEB. Modern grid balancing systems are in operation in countries such as Germany where around 56% of its energy come from renewable sources. They also plan to increase this to reach 80% of the energy required through renewables by 2030. Our CEB is hell bent on diesel power plants. Who benefits from such emergency power purchases is anybody’s guess?

The Government and the CEB should realise that all roof top solar plants are privately financed through personal funds or bank loans with no financial burden on the Government. It is a crime to request them not to operate these solar panels and get the necessary credits for the power transmitted to the national grid. It appears that the results of CEB’s lack of grid balancing experience and unwillingness to learn over three decades have now passed to the privately-funded rooftop solar panel owners. It is unfortunate that the Government is not considering the contributions of ordinary individuals who provide clean power to the national grid at no cost to the Government. Over 150,000 rooftop solar panels owners are severely affected by these ruthless decisions by the CEB, and this will lead to the un-popularity of this new government in the end.

by Professors Oliver Ileperuma and I M Dharmadasa

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Opinion

Nilanthi Jayasinghe – An Appreciation

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It was with shock that I realized that the article in the Sunday Island of April 5 about the winsome graduate gazing serenely at her surroundings was, in fact, an obituary about Nilanthi Jayasinghe, a former colleague who I had held in high esteem. I had lost touch with Nilanthi since my retirement and this news that she had passed away, saddened me deeply

I knew and had worked with Nilanthi – Mrs Jayasinghe as we used to call her – at the Open University of Sri Lanka in the 1990s. As Director, Operations, she was a figure that we as heads of academic departments, relied on; a central bastion of the complex structure that underpinned academic activities at Sri Lanka’s major distance education provider. Few people realize what it takes to provide distance education in an environment not geared to this form of teaching/learning – the volume of Information that has to be created, printed and delivered; the variety of timetables that have to be scheduled; the massive amount of continuous assessment assignments and tests that have to be prepared and sent out; the organization of a multitude of face-to face teaching sessions; the complex scheduling of examinations and tests – all this needed to be attended to for a student population of more than 20,000 and for 23 centres of study dotted across Sri Lanka.

It was an unenviable task but Nilanthi Jayasinghe with her flair for organization, handled it all with aplomb and a deep sense of commitment. If there were delays and inconclusive action on our part, she never reprimanded but would work with us to sort things out. Her work as Director, Operations brought her into contact with staff across the spectrum-from the Vice-Chancellor to the apprentice in the Open University’s Printing Press. Nilanthi treated everyone with dignity and as a result, was respected by all at the university. She was sensitive, kind-hearted, a good friend who would readily share problems and help to solve them. The year NIlanthi retired, I was out of the island. When I came back to the Open University, I felt bereft without the steadfast support of her stalwart presence .

The article in the ‘Sunday Island’ describes her life after retirement, looking after family members and enjoying the presence of a granddaughter.

After a lifetime of commitment to others, Nilanthi Jayasinghe truly deserved this happiness.

May she be blessed with peace.

Ryhana Raheem

Professor Emeritus
Open University of Sri Lanka.

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Opinion

James Selvanathan Mather

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James Mather (Selvan to all of us) who passed away recently at the age of 95 was one of the leading Chartered Accountants in the country. He was the senior partner of Ernst and Young for long years, and the mentor for a generation of chartered accountants. He was confidante and adviser to many of the leading businessmen of his time. His career spanned over six decades. A man who never sought the limelight, he was very influential in Ceylon/Sri Lanka’s business world.

Selvan Mather was born in 1930 to a well-known Christian family in Jaffna. His father, Rev. James Mather was Head of the Methodist Church in Ceylon. Selvan was educated at Trinity College Kandy, and he had a life-long connection with the school. He entered the University of Ceylon in the late 1940s, at a time when Ivor Jennings was Vice-Chancellor.

He read economics and passed out with an honours degree. For short periods he was in the Department of Income Tax and with the newly established Central Bank of Ceylon. The Central Bank facilitated him to go to England to qualify as a chartered accountant. His two referees, when seeking admission to an accountancy firm in the U.K. were M.D.H. Jayawardena, then Minister of Finance and the Auditor General of Ceylon, L.A. Weerasinghe. Being a chartered accountant was a rare event those days.

On his return from England, his career was with Ernst and Young where he became senior partner. He was close advisor and confidante to many of the leading businessmen. He was admitted to its Hall of Fame by the Institute of Chartered Accountants.

To strike a personal note, I got to know him 50 years ago when he applied for a fellowship given by the Asian Productivity Organisation (APO) in Tokyo. I was in the Ministry of Planning and Economic Affairs at the time, and the Ministry was handling APO affairs in Colombo. He told me later that he enjoyed his time in Tokyo. From that time, we kept up a friendship with him and Nelun, which lasted 50 years.

My wife, Rukmal, and I lived in Windsor England, for about 25 years. During that time, Nelun and Selvan were regular visitors to England. I remember taking him for long walks in Windsor Great Park, and on the grounds of Eton College which were nearby. We went on long car tours in England covering the Cotswolds, the Peak districts and the Potteries. I remember celebrating Selvan’s 70th birthday in London at a Greek restaurant, along with his great friends, Nihal and Doreen Vitarana. Memories remain, although Selvan is no more.

In the last decades of his life we saw Nelun and him often. A few of us, Manik de Silva, Nihal and Srima Seneviratne and a few others met regulsrly for lunch. We will all miss Selvan who was mine of his life and times very much.

Selvan leaves his wife Nelun and three children and their husbands – Rohan, Shyamala and Indi, and Rehana and Akram. It was a close-knit family and they will miss him.

Leelananda De Silva.

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