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Brewing a different cup of coffee

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One of the top ten Arabica varieties of  coffee in the world, our own Lak Parakum is now being promoted by the Department of Export Agriculture in all Arabica coffee-growing districts in the island. Plants of this variety are distributed among growers through several coffee nurseries in the upcountry. The coffee rust which ended the  island’s coffee romance in British-occupied then  Ceylon is given hope for resurgence with the promotion of the new  variety.

BY RANDIMA ATTYGALLE

History has it that coffee was introduced to Ceylon in 1503 by the Arab traders from Yemen. However, the planting of coffee as a commercial crop in the island commenced with the Dutch occupancy and continued under the British rule. Planter R.B Butler who had experience in coffee plantations in Jamaica came here in 1837 and introduced methods to yield a better coffee crop. By 1863, the value of coffee imported into Europe from all parts of the world amounted to £270 million, and we were exporting nearly a third of that. By 1870, Sri Lanka’s coffee production peaked with over 275,000 hectares being cultivated, according to the Sri Lanka Export Development Board (EDB) data.

The colonial Ceylon was among the top coffee producing and exporting nations and a coffee-drinking culture complete with kopi kaday (coffee kiosks) and kopi kele (coffee forests) evolved. Christine Spittel-Wilson’s famous book The Bitter Berry revolves around the ethos of a Ceylonese coffee plantation.

Sadly, the coffee rust of 1870 (caused by the fungus Hemileia vastatrix) destroyed all plantations bringing the coffee romance of the country to an end. Although rust-tolerant varieties were later introduced, today coffee is an intercrop with tea and coconut. However, Lak Parakum promoted by the Department of Export Agriculture (DEA), encourages planters to expand their coffee acreage.

Sri Lanka’s coffee cultivation covers around 4,600 hectares and the two main commercially important species locally grown are Arabica coffee (Coffea Arabica) and Robusta Coffee (Coffea canephora). These two main species grown here include several varieties. “While Arabica coffee varieties are recommended for mid and up country areas with an altitude of over 400m (Nuwara Eliya, Kandy, Matale and Badulla), Robusta variety is recommended for mid and low country with an altitude of less than 800m( Kegalle, Kurunegala, Kandy and Matale). These

recommendations are made depending on the temperature variation. While Arabica prefers a temperature of 15-28ºC, Robusta thrives in a temperature of 18-36ºC” says Dr. H.M.P.A Subasinghe, Director (Research), Department of Export Agriculture (DEA).

The global specialty coffee market as the EDB notes, is projected to reach over USD 80 billion by 2025 which offers enormous growth potential for coffee producers. In line with this increasing demand, Sri Lanka’s coffee exports have increased in recent years, growing 84 percent from 2017 to reach nearly USD 355,000 by 2019 according to EDB data. The coffee industry as the EDB notes, has attracted increased investment from the private sector and increased local demand and consumption of locally grown coffee in hotels, restaurants and cafes.

More than 80% the world demand is for Arabica coffee and the requirement is 8.8 million mt, says Dr. Subasinghe. Lak Parakum with its quality parameters stands among the best ten Arabica varieties in the world, he adds.

Even after releasing the new variety Lak Parakum, it did not become popular among farmers due to lower prices offered for coffee. But the Director (Research) of the DEA then, Dr. J.M.Seneviratne initiated collaborations with the authorities at the Nuwara Eliya District Secretariat to popularize the new variety among growers in the Nuwara Eliya District. He also worked with Mr. Kenneth McAlpine, a member of the Specialty Coffee Association (SCA) for the global coffee industry to find the quality parameters of Lak Parakum and found that overall score was 85.5 which is way above the cutoff point for the best coffees which is considered to be 75.”

While Lak Parakum is promoted for higher elevations, IMY which is of Robusta variety is also promoted for lower elevations right now. While the domestic coffee consumption is 2,300 mt. our annual production was 2,345 mt. in 2020 according to DEA’s statistics. Our annual export volume was 26.6 mt in 2020. Australia, UAE, USA, Maldives, New Zealand, Chile, UK and Germany are the major buyers of Sri Lankan coffee. The annual coffee import volume was 104.9 mt in 2020.

“Due to immature coffee harvesting and bad processing practices, most importing countries are rejecting our coffee and with the new variety if we can practice timely harvesting and good processing practices, the export potential is very high,” observes Dr. Subasinghe.

Several new measures are now in place to tap a lucrative market for Sri Lankan coffee. Production of planting material with private sector nurseries, awareness programmes for harvesting and processing practices for high quality products, promotion for value addition, introduction of GAP (Good Agricultural Practices) Certification to get premium prices and increasing the coffee extent from 4,600 ha to 5,800 ha and the export volume from 30 mt. to 200 mt by 2025 are among these. Collaborations with the Australian government-funded Market Development Facility for the improvement of the coffee industry are also in place.

Although threats from rust diseases are still prevalent in coffee fields, they can be controlled with good management practices and available control measures, points out Dr. Subasinghe. “Apart from the rust disease, the major pest problem is the coffee berry borer damage. This too can be managed with good crop management practices. While Robusta varieties are highly tolerant for rust, Arabica is medium tolerant.”

Due to the low prices offered for coffee (Rs. 350 to 400 per kilo), many growers had neglected coffee in the last few years, however, currently a kilo of coffee could get Rs. 1,200. “We also offer coffee growers incentives including free planting material, technological assistance for planting, crop management, harvesting, fertilizer application, processing and management of pest and diseases. Subsidies for irrigation facilities and machinery used for post-harvest practices and support for GAP are also offered.”

Managing Director of Kelaneiya & Braemar Estate Maskeliya, Murugiah Balendran, a leading grower of Lak Parakum first experimented with it in 2014. Director (Research) of the DEA then, Dr. J.M.Seneviratne who collected a gene pool from old plants from many areas including Walapane, Ramboda, Galaha and Nilambe offered me mother plants of Lak Parakum and encouraged me to experiment with them,” reflects Balendran who goes onto add that the ‘trial and error’ exercise eventually turned out to be successful. His own estate which was once an exclusive coffee plantation still has coffee trees more than 100 years old.

The senior planter who is now well versed in producing seed stock of Lak Parakum has released about 1,500 kg to nurseries since 2018. “Each kilo of seed could produce 2,000 to 3,000 plants, so a sizeable amount of plants have been generated todate.” Balendran has dedicated four hectares of land to coffee alone today and urge fellow coffee growers to move away from the ‘intercrop mindset’ and allocate more fertile land for the crop. “Many growers plant coffee in vacant land space where largely tea had been removed. However, unless the soil quality is improved, planting coffee in vacant tea and coconut estates won’t do.”

Balendran who also grows several other varieties of coffee including a few Indian ones remarks that there is a notable difference between those and Lak Parakum in terms of the yield, resistance to disease and the texture of beans. “However it will take us another four to five years to show the true potential of it.”

Lack of fertilizer has taken a notable toll on the crop, laments the planter. “At the time of blooming and berries start setting, we need to give some fertilizer. But unfortunately last year our crop was very poor and didn’t match our expectations. Even the seed delivery to DEA and other agents got curtailed to a large extent. Moreover, although I have been supplying coffee seed material from 2018, I have so far not received any significant assistance from any government agency,” remarks Balendran who moots an effective result-oriented incentive scheme for coffee growers.

Photo credit: Murugiah
Balendran, Royal Commonwealth
Society, W.L.H. Skeen & Co.



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Upali returns with Sinhala adaptation of Murdoch classic

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A scene from Pavul Kana Minihek, the Sinhala adaptation of The Black Prince

EMD Upali, a familiar name in both the Colombo Bar and the Sinhala stage, is gearing up to unveil his latest theatrical venture, Pavul Kana Minihek, the Sinhala adaptation of Iris Murdoch’s acclaimed novel The Black Prince. The play goes on board on December 6 at 7 pm at the open-air theatre of the Sudarshi Hall, Colombo.

Though not physically tall, he stands tall in fame. Upali’s open, friendly nature and ever-present smile make him a respected figure in both legal and theatrical circles. The veteran director is also remembered for introducing the late Jackson Anthony to the stage through his 1983 hit Methanin Maruwenu, a production that went on to win national acclaim.

But his journey began much earlier. As an undergraduate at the University of Colombo, he created Methanin Maruwenu for an inter-faculty drama competition in 1981 and walked away with the Best Director award. The reworked version won him another Best Director title at the 1983 State Drama Festival. Two years later, he repeated the feat with Piyambana Assaya.

Academic commitments kept him away from the stage until 1995, when he returned with Eva Balawa, a Sinhala adaptation of J.B. Priestley’s An Inspector Calls.

“Lucien de Zoysa first staged the English version at the Lionel Wendt in memory of his son Richard,” Upali recalls. “I adapted it into Sinhala using the script by my guru and friend, Upali Attanayake. Eva Balawa went on to win four State Awards, including Best Director (Adaptation).”

He followed this success with Chara Purusha (2000), adapted from Gogol’s The Government Inspector; Wana Tharavi, his staging of Ibsen’s The Wild Duck during the Ibsen Centenary celebrations; and Chekhov’s The Cherry Orchard as Idamedi Wikine in 2014.

Pavul Kana Minihek is Murdoch’s philosophical and psychologically charged masterwork, adapted from Prof. J.A.P. Jayasinghe’s Sinhala translation. Produced by Jude Srimal, the play features Sampath Perera as Bradley Pearson alongside theatre stalwarts Lakshman Mendis, Nilmini Sigera, Madani Malwage, Jayanath Bandara, Mihiri Priyangani and Chanu Disanayake. Music is by Theja Buddika Rodrigo.

Behind the curtain sits an equally seasoned crew: production designer Pradeep Chandrasiri, costume designer Ama Wijesekara, lighting designer Ranga Kariyawasam, make-up artist Sumedha Hewavitharana and stage manager Lakmal Ranaraja.

Murdoch’s philosophical depth, Upali notes, is central to both the novel and the play.

“Murdoch’s background in philosophy flows through the narrative,” he says. “The Black Prince grapples with the pursuit of truth, through erotic love, through art, through suffering. She was a Platonist, and that worldview shapes the protagonist Bradley Pearson’s journey.”

Murdoch’s novel, published in 1973, won the James Tait Black Memorial Prize and was shortlisted for the Booker Prize before being adapted for the stage in 1989.

“We condensed the play into a sharp, two-hour production,” Upali says. “With Pradeep Chandrasiri’s design, we recreated both Bradley’s and Arnold Baffin’s homes on stage. Our approach was minimalistic, but every decision was grounded in careful experimentation.”

Upali is candid about the realities surrounding Sinhala theatre especially when adapting world-class works.

“The biggest challenge is funding,” he says. “A proper production costs at least five million rupees. Institutions like the British Council or Goethe-Institut help occasionally, but not enough.”

He points to recent successes such as Nuga Gahak, Kanchuka Dharmasena’s Sinhala adaptation of Tim Crouch’s The Oak Tree, staged with the help of the British Council, and Rajitha Dissanayake’s Ape Gedarata Gini Thiyaida, supported by the Sunera Foundation.

“We must be happy some people get sponsorships. It’s rare. But if we create good theatre, audiences still come.”

The director laments Sri Lanka’s lack of proper theatrical infrastructure.

“In Sri Lanka, theatre is treated as a ahikuntika kalawa, a gypsy art,” he says. “Actors and crew load a bus with props, travel, perform once and return. In developed countries, theatres run the same play for months, sometimes years.”

Venues remain limited and expensive. Lionel Wendt is booked out months ahead; most other halls lack even basic acoustics.

“Many places are just meeting halls. Audiences beyond the middle rows can’t hear the actors. These shortcomings drain the cultural life of the nation.”

With auditorium rentals running between Rs. 75,000 and Rs. 100,000 a day, directors often wait months for dates.

“A play must be staged at least once a month to stay alive,” he remarks. “Theatre isn’t something you can store on a chip.”

Sri Lanka also lacks full-time theatre companies. “Our actors must juggle movies, teledramas, TV ads, political stages, news anchoring — everything,” Upali notes. “They have to. There’s no other income.”

Hiring them for a single performance can cost Rs. 300,000. Full production ranges from Rs. 2 million to Rs. 5 million.

“When we began, even films didn’t cost this much.”

Meanwhile, audiences are shrinking. “We are living in a TikTok world,” he says with a wry smile. “People want instant gratification. Sitting through a two-hour play is becoming harder and harder.”

Yet despite the odds, Upali remains committed to the stage and to bringing global literature to Sinhala audiences.

“I believe in theatre,” he says simply. “And I believe our audiences still care, even in a distracted world.”

Pavul Kana Minihek

opens this week and promises to remind us of that serious theatre still has a place, and a voice, in Sri Lanka.

(Pix by Hemantha Chandrasiri)

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Celebrating Oman National Day

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Dignitaries celebrating the National Day of Oman

The celebration of the National Day of the Sultanate of Oman unfolded with distinguished elegance, as diplomats, dignitaries and invited guests gathered to honour the rich heritage and modern achievements of the Sultanate of Oman, under the leadership of Sultan Hatham bin Tarik.

The Ambassador of Oman in Sri Lanka Ahamed Ali Said Al Rashdi delivered a gracious and heart-felt address reflecting on the deep-rooted ties between Sri Lanka and the Sultanate of Oman.

He spoke of the region’s shared maritime history, centuries of cultural exchanges and the growing partnerships that continue to strengthen bilateral friendships between Sri Lanka and with the Sultanate of Oman.

The Ambassador also highlighted Oman’s progress under the visionary leadership of the Sultanate, celebrating the nation’s advances in economic and regional co-operation, values that align closely with Sri Lanka’s aspirations.

One of the evening’s best highlights was the culinary journey, specially curated to offer guests an authentic taste of Omani hospitality.

The buffet unfolded a tapestry of flavours, fragrant Omani biryani, slow cooked meats, grilled seafood and an array of vibrant desserts like delicacies especially Omani dates, offering a sweet finale while the aroma of Omani coffee lingered like a gentle cultural embrace.

It was an evening that did far more than celebrate a National Day. It unfolded as a journey into the soul of Oman, wrapped in sophistication and unforgettable charm.

The glamour of the evening was heightened by the graceful flow of distinguished guests in elegant allure, warm diplomatic exchanges and the subtle rhythm of traditional Omani melody.

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Under a canopy of glamour

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Rainco’s touch of couture

It was a dazzling evening that merged fashion, function and fine design, as Rainco Sri Lanka’s homegrown brand synonymous with quality and craftsmanship – unveiled its new umbrella collection ‘Be my Rainco’ at Cinnamon Life setting a new standard for stylish innovation.

Chic,sleek,and storm ready

This event graced by a distinguished guest list of fashion connoisseurs, influencers and design enthusiasts was more than a product launch. It was a celebration of form and artistry. The highlight of the evening was a fashion showcase curated by acclaimed designer Brian Kerkovan who brought his international flair to Rainco’s refined aesthetic. Models glided down the runaway carrying striking umbrellas, their balanced elegance and engineering transforming a daily essential into statement of luxury.

Bathed in soft lighting and accompanied by an evocative musical score, the ambience exuded sophistication. The collection crafted with meticulous attention in detail, featured bold silhouettes, luxe finished and innovative textures, echoing the brand’s philosophy of merging practicality with panache.

Speaking at the launch, Rainco’s General Manager marketing and innovation, Awarna Ventures (Ltd)Gayani Gunawardena said with pride his milestone collaboration, noting how the brand’s evolution from a household essential to a symbol of contemporary lifestyle.

The evening concluded with a toast to creativity – a fitting finale for a brand that continues to inspire confidence and styles ,rain or sunshine.

(ZC)

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