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Arrest of Wickremesinghe, democracy and Rule of Law: Upholding accountability

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Former President being taken to remand prison. Image courtesy AP

Democracy is often hailed as a system of government where the rule of law prevails over the rule of individuals. One of its most defining features is the principle that no one is above the law – not even the highest executive authority.In recent decades, several democratic countries have demonstrated this commitment by arresting or prosecuting former heads of state for crimes ranging from corruption to abuse of power. These cases, while politically charged, underscore the resilience of democratic institutions and the importance of legal accountability.

In democratic societies, the rule of law is foundational. It ensures that laws apply equally to all citizens, including presidents and prime ministers. This principle is not merely theoretical – it has been tested and proven in various high profile cases where former leaders were investigated, charged and even imprisoned. However, in some countries like Sri Lanka, law enforcing agencies face a formidable challenge when required to apply these laws against privileged individuals. This drama is now being enacted with the arrest of Ranil Wickremasighe a former president for misusing state resources.

Some notable cases:-

Brazil –

Luiz Inacio Lula da Silva 2003 – 2011. 2023 – Present

Lula was convicted of corruption and money laundering in connection with the Operation Car Wash investigation. Although his conviction was later annulled, the case remains a powerful example of judicial scrutiny in a major democracy.

France –

Jacques Chirac – President 1995 to 2007

Chirac faced corruption charges related to his time as mayor of Paris. Specifically, he and several associates were accused of awarding contracts for nonexistent city government jobs to political allies and using city funds to compensate members of the RPR political party. In December 2011, Chirac was convicted of misusing public funds and abusing public trust, receiving a two year suspended sentence.

Nicolas Sarkozy – 2007-2012

The former French president was convicted in two separate cases related to campaign financing and corruption. He received a prison sentence, although parts of it were suspended.

India

Indira Gandhi – Prime Minister 1966 – 1977. 1980 – 1984

Indira Gandhi was found guilty of dishonest election practices, excessive election expenditure and using government machinery and officials for party purposes. In 1979 the court stripped her of her parliamentary seat and banned her from running for any office for six years

Israel

Ehud Olmert Prime Minister 2006 – 2009

Olmert faced high profile corruption allegations including claims of accepting large sums of money from an American businessman before his time as prime minister. Despite arguing the contributions were for his election campaign, he pledged to step down if he was charged. In 2008, he resigned, but remained leader of an interim government. In August 2009, he was formally indicted on three counts of corruption. While acquitted on the central charges in July 2012, he was found guilty of breach of trust and received a suspended one year prison sentence in September 2012.

In January 2012, Olmert was further indicted for allegedly taking bribes related to construction projects during his time as mayor of Jerusalem. Convicted in 2014, he was sentenced to six years in prison, later reduced to eighteen (18) months. He was released on parole in 2017 after serving sixteen months.

Benjamin Netanyahu – 1996-1999.2009-2021. 2022-present

Nethanyahu’s fourth term was marked by investigations into bribery and corruption allegations involving him and his inner circle. In February 2018, Israeli police suggested bribery and fraud charges in two cases. One case involved trading political favours for gifts like cigars and champagne (emphasis added) The other case involved seeking favourable coverage from a newspaper in exchange for undermining a rival paper.(emphasis added) In December, charges were recommended against Nethanyahu in a fourth case alleging he advanced regulatory policies for a telecommunication company in exchange for positive media coverage. In February the attorney general announced he would pursue the recommended charges against Nethanyahu for bribery, fraud and breach of trust, subject to a hearing.

In 2017, during an investigation into corruption allegations, Nethanyahu remarked that he is proud to be the prime minister of a country where the rule of law applies to everyone including the prime minister. The statement underscored the strength of Israel’s legal and judicial systems which can hold even the highest officials accountable.

Sri Lanka

Ranil Wickremasinghe – Former President and Prime Minister arrested for alleged misuse of State funds for a foreign trip. Ongoing.

South Korea –

Park Geun-hye. 2013-2017 Removed from office.

The former president was sentenced to twenty-four (24) years in prison for corruption and abuse of power. Her conviction followed a massive scandal involving influence – peddling and bribery, (emphasis added) which sparked nationwide protests and led to her impeachment.

Chun Doo-Hwan – President 1980 – 1988

Roh Tae Woo – 1988 -1993

Both Chun and Roh were found guilty in August 1996 of accepting bribes during their presidencies as well as for their involvement in the 1979 coup and the suppression of protestors in Gwangju in 1980.

Taiwan –

Chen Shui –bian 2000-2008

After leaving office, Chen was convicted of bribery and sentenced to life imprisonment. His case was a landmark moment for Taiwan’s judiciary, demonstrating its independence and resolve.

United States –

Donald Trump

In 2024, Trump became the first former US president to be convicted of felony, found guilty of thirty four (34) counts related to falsifying business records. The case sparked an intense political debate but also highlighted judiciary’s willingness to act independently.

While these cases affirm the strength of democratic institutions, they also reveal the following complexities involved in prosecuting former leaders:-

*  Political Polarisation :- Legal proceedings against former heads of state often deepen political divides, with supporters viewing them as persecution and opponents as justice. This tendency is very visible in Sri Lanka, India and even in the US, the temple of democracy; but not so much un the UK. This is one of the fundamental issues the framers of the new constitution should take into account and rectify.

*  Judicial Independence :- The credibility of such prosecutions hinges on the impartiality of the judiciary. Any hint of political motivation can undermine public trust. Public confidence in Sri Lanka’s judiciary which had reached its nadir has shown a remarkable recovery after the installation of the JVP/NPP government in September/November 2024.

*  International implications :- Arrests and trials of former leaders can affect diplomatic relations and global perceptions of a country’s stability. While political instability has been a major reason for the country’s inability to attract direct foreign investments from the days when Sir John Kotalawala was the Prime Minister in the 1950s despite its much hyped strategic location in the Indian Ocean, the arrest of a former president will deliver a powerful message to the world to show the new government’s determination to enforce accountability.

The arrest and prosecution of executive heads of state in democratic countries serve as powerful reminders that democracy is not merely about elections – it is about accountability. These cases, though rare and often controversial, reinforce the idea that leadership comes with responsibility; and that even the most powerful must answer to the law. As democracies continue to evolve , the rule of law remains their most vital safeguard against tyranny and corruption.



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Maduro abduction marks dangerous aggravation of ‘world disorder’

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Venezuelan President Maduro being taken to a court in New York

The abduction of Venezuelan President Nicolas Maduro by US special forces on January 3rd and his coercive conveying to the US to stand trial over a number of allegations leveled against him by the Trump administration marks a dangerous degeneration of prevailing ‘world disorder’. While some cardinal principles in International Law have been blatantly violated by the US in the course of the operation the fallout for the world from the exceptionally sensational VVIP abduction could be grave.

Although controversial US military interventions the world over are not ‘news’ any longer, the abduction and hustling away of a head of government, seen as an enemy of the US, to stand trial on the latter soil amounts to a heavy-handed and arrogant rejection of the foundational principles of international law and order. It would seem, for instance, that the concept of national sovereignty is no longer applicable to the way in which the world’s foremost powers relate to the rest of the international community. Might is indeed right for the likes of the US and the Trump administration in particular is adamant in driving this point home to the world.

Chief spokesmen for the Trump administration have been at pains to point out that the abduction is not at variance with national security related provisions of the US Constitution. These provisions apparently bestow on the US President wide powers to protect US security and stability through courses of action that are seen as essential to further these ends but the fact is that International Law has been brazenly violated in the process in the Venezuelan case.

To be sure, this is not the first occasion on which a head of government has been abducted by US special forces in post-World War Two times and made to stand trial in the US, since such a development occurred in Panama in 1989, but the consequences for the world could be doubly grave as a result of such actions, considering the mounting ‘disorder’ confronting the world community.

Those sections opposed to the Maduro abduction in the US would do well to from now on seek ways of reconciling national security-related provisions in the US Constitution with the country’s wider international commitment to uphold international peace and law and order. No ambiguities could be permitted on this score.

While the arbitrary military action undertaken by the US to further its narrow interests at whatever cost calls for criticism, it would be only fair to point out that the US is not the only big power which has thus dangerously eroded the authority of International Law in recent times. Russia, for example, did just that when it violated the sovereignty of Ukraine by invading it two or more years ago on some nebulous, unconvincing grounds. Consequently, the Ukraine crisis too poses a grave threat to international peace.

It is relevant to mention in this connection that authoritarian rulers who hope to rule their countries in perpetuity as it were, usually end up, sooner rather than later, being a blight on their people. This is on account of the fact that they prove a major obstacle to the implementation of the democratic process which alone holds out the promise of the progressive empowerment of the people, whereas authoritarian rulers prefer to rule with an iron fist with a fixation about self-empowerment.

Nevertheless, regime-change, wherever it may occur, is a matter for the public concerned. In a functional democracy, it is the people, and the people only, who ‘make or break’ governments. From this viewpoint, Russia and Venezuela are most lacking. But externally induced, militarily mediated change is a gross abnormality in the world of democracy, which deserves decrying.

By way of damage control, the US could take the initiative to ensure that the democratic process, read as the full empowerment of ordinary people, takes hold in Venezuela. In this manner the US could help in stemming some of the destructive fallout from its abduction operation. Any attempts by the US to take possession of the national wealth of Venezuela at this juncture are bound to earn for it the condemnation of democratic opinion the world over.

Likewise, the US needs to exert all its influence to ensure that the rights of ordinary Ukrainians are protected. It will need to ensure this while exploring ways of stopping further incursions into Ukrainian territory by Russia’s invading forces. It will need to do this in collaboration with the EU which is putting its best foot forward to end the Ukraine blood-letting.

Meanwhile, the repercussions that the Maduro abduction could have on the global South would need to be watched with some concern by the international community. Here too the EU could prove a positive influence since it is doubtful whether the UN would be enabled by the big powers to carry out the responsibilities that devolve on it with the required effectiveness.

What needs to be specifically watched is the ‘copycat effect’ that could manifest among those less democratically inclined Southern rulers who would be inspired by the Trump administration to take the law into their hands, so to speak, and act with callous disregard for the sovereign rights of their smaller and more vulnerable neighbours.

Democratic opinion the world over would need to think of systems of checks and balances that could contain such power abuse by Southern autocratic rulers in particular. The UN and democracy-supportive organizations, such as the EU, could prove suitable partners in these efforts.

All in all it is international lawlessness that needs managing effectively from now on. If President Trump carries out his threat to over-run other countries as well in the manner in which he ran rough-shod over Venezuela, there is unlikely to remain even a semblance of international order, considering that anarchy would be receiving a strong fillip from the US, ‘The World’s Mightiest Democracy’.

What is also of note is that identity politics in particularly the South would be unprecedentedly energized. The narrative that ‘the Great Satan’ is running amok would win considerable validity among the theocracies of the Middle East and set the stage for a resurgence of religious fanaticism and invigorated armed resistance to the US. The Trump administration needs to stop in its tracks and weigh the pros and cons of its current foreign policy initiatives.

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Pure Christmas magic and joy at British School

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Students of The British High School in Colombo in action at the fashion show

The British School in Colombo (BSC) hosted its Annual Christmas Carnival 2025, ‘Gingerbread Wonderland’, which was a huge success, with the students themseles in the spotlight, managing stalls and volunteering.

The event, organised by the Parent-Teacher Association (PTA), featured a variety of activities, including: Games and rides for all ages, Food stalls offering delicious treats, Drinks and refreshments, Trade booths showcasing local products, and Live music and entertainment.

The carnival was held at the school premises, providing a fun and festive atmosphere for students, parents, and the community to enjoy.

The halls of the BSC were filled with pure Christmas magic and joy with the students and the staff putting on a tremendous display.

Among the highlights was the dazzling fashion show with the students doing the needful, and they were very impressive.

The students themselves were eagerly looking forward to displaying their modelling technique and, I’m told, they enjoyed the moment they had to step on the ramp.

The event supported communities affected by the recent floods, with surplus proceeds going to flood-relief efforts.

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Glowing younger looking skin

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Hi! This week I’m giving you some beauty tips so that you could look forward to enjoying 2026 with a glowing younger looking skin.

Face wash for natural beauty

* Avocado:

Take the pulp, make a paste of it and apply on your face. Leave it on for five minutes and then wash it with normal water.

* Cucumber:

Just rub some cucumber slices on your face for 02-03 minutes to cleanse the oil naturally. Wash off with plain water.

* Buttermilk:

Apply all over your face and leave it to dry, then wash it with normal water (works for mixed to oily skin).

Face scrub for natural beauty

Take 01-02 strawberries, 02 pieces of kiwis or 02 cubes of watermelons. Mash any single fruit and apply on your face. Then massage or scrub it slowly for at least 3-5 minutes in circular motions. Then wash it thoroughly with normal or cold water. You can make use of different fruits during different seasons, and see what suits you best! Follow with a natural face mask.

Face Masks

* Papaya and Honey:

Take two pieces of papaya (peeled) and mash them to make a paste. Apply evenly on your face and leave it for 30 minutes and then wash it with cold water.

Papaya is just not a fruit but one of the best natural remedies for good health and glowing younger looking skin. It also helps in reducing pimples and scars. You can also add honey (optional) to the mixture which helps massage and makes your skin glow.

* Banana:

Put a few slices of banana, 01 teaspoon of honey (optional), in a bowl, and mash them nicely. Apply on your face, and massage it gently all over the face for at least 05 minutes. Then wash it off with normal water. For an instant glow on your face, this facemask is a great idea to try!

* Carrot:

Make a paste using 01 carrot (steamed) by mixing it with milk or honey and apply on your face and neck evenly. Let it dry for 15-20 minutes and then wash it with cold water. Carrots work really well for your skin as they have many vitamins and minerals, which give instant shine and younger-looking skin.

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