Life style
Amphibians going extinct in SL at a record pace
by Ifham Nizam
Sri Lanka holds the record for nearly 14 per cent of the amphibian extinctions in the world. In other words, of the 130 amphibian extinctions known to have occurred across the globe, 18 extinctions (14 per cent) have occurred in Sri Lanka, says Dr. Anslem de Silva, widely regarded as the father of Herpetology in the country. Speaking to The Sunday Island, the authors of a news book on amphibians, said that this is one of the highest number of amphibian extinctions known from a single country. Some consider this unusual extinction rate to be largely the result of the loss of nearly 70 per cent of the island’s forest cover. Dr. Anslem de Silva, Co-Chairman, Amphibian Specialist Group, International Union for the Conservation of Nature/Species Survival Commission (IUCN/SSC), together with two academics, Dr. Kanishka Ukuwela, Senior Lecture at Rajarata University, Mihintale who is
also associated with IUCN/SSC and Dr. Dillan Chaturanga, Lecture at Ruhuna University, Matara had authored this most comprehensive book on amphibians running to nearly 250 pages released last week. The prevalent levels of application of agrochemicals up to few months back, especially in rice fields, and vegetable and tea plantations, have increased over the past three decades. Similarly, the release of untreated industrial wastewater to natural water bodies has intensified. As a consequence, many streams and canals have become highly polluted, they say. The use of pesticides directly decreases the insect population, an important source of food for amphibians. Furthermore, these pollutants can easily make the water in paddy fields and the insects on which the amphibians feed toxic or increase the nitrogen content of the water. The highly permeable skins of amphibians would certainly cause them to be directly affected by these, they add. Amphibian mortality due to road traffic is a widespread problem globally that has been known to be responsible for population reductions and even local extinction in certaininstances. In Sri Lanka, amphibian mortalities due to road traffic are highly prevalent on roads that serve paddy fields, wetlands and forests. Further, they are especially intensified on rainy days when amphibian activity is high, the book explains. Recent studies indicate that amphibian road kills are exacerbated in certain national parks in the country due to increased visitation. According to recent estimates, several thousand amphibians are killed annually due to road traffic.
Professor W. A. Priyanka, PhD (USA), Professor in Zoology, Faculty of Science, University of Peradeniya says the need for a guide to the amphibian fauna of Sri Lanka is obvious, given the currently critical conditions endangering them. Amphibians are an attractive group of animals whose diversity has always sparked interest among the scientific community, creating a vast body of unanswered questions.However, the identification of amphibians has been a challenge due to the lack of a complete and informative guide. The comprehensive pictorial guide provided by the new book should thus be of great benefit to a better understanding of the unique and intriguing nature of these fascinating living beings.The authors have done an outstanding job in compiling this book. An introduction to the guide briefly describes the history, current status, threats and conservation information, along with interesting folklore associated with amphibians. With the clear and informative images, distribution maps and updated status of each species, this guide can easily be comprehended by experts and beginners in the field alike.”I firmly believe that this book will be very useful to undergraduate and postgraduate students in the fields of zoology, biology and environmental science, as well as researchers, wildlife managers and visitors,” Professor Priyanka added.The authors said that like their previous guide to the reptiles of Sri Lanka, A Naturalist’s Guide to the Reptiles of Sri Lanka (de Silva & Ukuwela, 2017, 2020), this book is intended for both naturalists and visitors to Sri Lanka, providing an introduction to the amphibians found here. It features all the extant species of amphibian in this country with colour photographs and quick and easy tips for identification. At the time of writing, 120 species have been recorded within the country and ongoing taxonomic work is certain to add more to this impressive list in the next few years.This guide provides a general introduction to the amphibians of Sri Lanka, a profile of the physiographic, climatic, and vegetation features of the island, key characteristics that can be used in the identification of amphibians and descriptions of each extant amphibian species.Additionally, it presents information on amphibian conservation here and a brief introduction to folklore and traditional treatment methods for combating poisoning due to amphibians in this country. The species descriptions are arranged under their higher taxonomic groups(orders and families), and further grouped in their respective genera.The descriptions are organized in alphabetical order by their scientific names. Every species covered is accompanied by one or more colour photograph of the animal. Each account includes the vernacular name in English, the current scientific name, the vernacular name in Sinhala, a brief history of the species, a description with identification features, and details of habitat, habits and distribution (both here and outside the country).Key external identification features of the species, such as body form, skin texture and coloration, are provided, to help in the quick identification of an animal in the field.It must be noted that according to Sri Lanka’s wildlife laws, amphibians cannot be captured or removed from their natural habitats without official permits, which must be obtained in advance from the Department of Wildlife Conservation.Sri Lanka is home to an exceptional diversity of amphibians. Currently, the island nation boasts of 112 species of amphibians of which 98 are restricted to the country. However, nearly 60 per cent of this magnificent diversity is threatened with extinction. To make matters worse, very little attention is paid by the conservation authorities or the public. The last treatise on the subject was published 15 years ago. However, many changes have taken place since then and hence an updated compilation was a major necessity. This book by the three authors intends to popularize the study of amphibians by the general public by filling this large void. Historical aspects
Sri Lanka is one of the few countries in the world where conservation and protection of its fauna and flora has been practiced since pre-Christian times. There is much archaeological, historical and literary evidence to show that from ancient times amphibians have attracted the attention of the people of this island.
This is evident by the discovery of an ancient bronze cast of a frog (see photo) discovered during excavations conducted by the Department of Archaeology and the Central Cultural Fund. Strati-graphic evidence from the excavation sites indicate that these objects belong to the sixth to eighth centuries AD (Anuradhapura and Jetavanārāma museum records). Beliefs that feature the ‘good’ qualities of frogs and association with nature. These beliefs have some positive effects on the conservation of amphibians, perhaps one reason that Sri Lanka harbours a diverse assemblage of frogs. Absence of frogs and toads in agricultural fields indicates impending crop failure, it is believed.
The authors have specially thanked Managing Director John Beaufoy of John Beaufoy Publishing Ltd, for publishing many books promoting Sri Lanka diversity.
Life style
Upali returns with Sinhala adaptation of Murdoch classic
EMD Upali, a familiar name in both the Colombo Bar and the Sinhala stage, is gearing up to unveil his latest theatrical venture, Pavul Kana Minihek, the Sinhala adaptation of Iris Murdoch’s acclaimed novel The Black Prince. The play goes on board on December 6 at 7 pm at the open-air theatre of the Sudarshi Hall, Colombo.
Though not physically tall, he stands tall in fame. Upali’s open, friendly nature and ever-present smile make him a respected figure in both legal and theatrical circles. The veteran director is also remembered for introducing the late Jackson Anthony to the stage through his 1983 hit Methanin Maruwenu, a production that went on to win national acclaim.
But his journey began much earlier. As an undergraduate at the University of Colombo, he created Methanin Maruwenu for an inter-faculty drama competition in 1981 and walked away with the Best Director award. The reworked version won him another Best Director title at the 1983 State Drama Festival. Two years later, he repeated the feat with Piyambana Assaya.
Academic commitments kept him away from the stage until 1995, when he returned with Eva Balawa, a Sinhala adaptation of J.B. Priestley’s An Inspector Calls.
“Lucien de Zoysa first staged the English version at the Lionel Wendt in memory of his son Richard,” Upali recalls. “I adapted it into Sinhala using the script by my guru and friend, Upali Attanayake. Eva Balawa went on to win four State Awards, including Best Director (Adaptation).”
He followed this success with Chara Purusha (2000), adapted from Gogol’s The Government Inspector; Wana Tharavi, his staging of Ibsen’s The Wild Duck during the Ibsen Centenary celebrations; and Chekhov’s The Cherry Orchard as Idamedi Wikine in 2014.
Pavul Kana Minihek is Murdoch’s philosophical and psychologically charged masterwork, adapted from Prof. J.A.P. Jayasinghe’s Sinhala translation. Produced by Jude Srimal, the play features Sampath Perera as Bradley Pearson alongside theatre stalwarts Lakshman Mendis, Nilmini Sigera, Madani Malwage, Jayanath Bandara, Mihiri Priyangani and Chanu Disanayake. Music is by Theja Buddika Rodrigo.
Behind the curtain sits an equally seasoned crew: production designer Pradeep Chandrasiri, costume designer Ama Wijesekara, lighting designer Ranga Kariyawasam, make-up artist Sumedha Hewavitharana and stage manager Lakmal Ranaraja.
Murdoch’s philosophical depth, Upali notes, is central to both the novel and the play.
“Murdoch’s background in philosophy flows through the narrative,” he says. “The Black Prince grapples with the pursuit of truth, through erotic love, through art, through suffering. She was a Platonist, and that worldview shapes the protagonist Bradley Pearson’s journey.”
Murdoch’s novel, published in 1973, won the James Tait Black Memorial Prize and was shortlisted for the Booker Prize before being adapted for the stage in 1989.
“We condensed the play into a sharp, two-hour production,” Upali says. “With Pradeep Chandrasiri’s design, we recreated both Bradley’s and Arnold Baffin’s homes on stage. Our approach was minimalistic, but every decision was grounded in careful experimentation.”
Upali is candid about the realities surrounding Sinhala theatre especially when adapting world-class works.
“The biggest challenge is funding,” he says. “A proper production costs at least five million rupees. Institutions like the British Council or Goethe-Institut help occasionally, but not enough.”
He points to recent successes such as Nuga Gahak, Kanchuka Dharmasena’s Sinhala adaptation of Tim Crouch’s The Oak Tree, staged with the help of the British Council, and Rajitha Dissanayake’s Ape Gedarata Gini Thiyaida, supported by the Sunera Foundation.
“We must be happy some people get sponsorships. It’s rare. But if we create good theatre, audiences still come.”
The director laments Sri Lanka’s lack of proper theatrical infrastructure.
“In Sri Lanka, theatre is treated as a ahikuntika kalawa, a gypsy art,” he says. “Actors and crew load a bus with props, travel, perform once and return. In developed countries, theatres run the same play for months, sometimes years.”
Venues remain limited and expensive. Lionel Wendt is booked out months ahead; most other halls lack even basic acoustics.
“Many places are just meeting halls. Audiences beyond the middle rows can’t hear the actors. These shortcomings drain the cultural life of the nation.”
With auditorium rentals running between Rs. 75,000 and Rs. 100,000 a day, directors often wait months for dates.
“A play must be staged at least once a month to stay alive,” he remarks. “Theatre isn’t something you can store on a chip.”
Sri Lanka also lacks full-time theatre companies. “Our actors must juggle movies, teledramas, TV ads, political stages, news anchoring — everything,” Upali notes. “They have to. There’s no other income.”
Hiring them for a single performance can cost Rs. 300,000. Full production ranges from Rs. 2 million to Rs. 5 million.
“When we began, even films didn’t cost this much.”
Meanwhile, audiences are shrinking. “We are living in a TikTok world,” he says with a wry smile. “People want instant gratification. Sitting through a two-hour play is becoming harder and harder.”
Yet despite the odds, Upali remains committed to the stage and to bringing global literature to Sinhala audiences.
“I believe in theatre,” he says simply. “And I believe our audiences still care, even in a distracted world.”
Pavul Kana Minihek
opens this week and promises to remind us of that serious theatre still has a place, and a voice, in Sri Lanka.
(Pix by Hemantha Chandrasiri)
Life style
Celebrating Oman National Day
The celebration of the National Day of the Sultanate of Oman unfolded with distinguished elegance, as diplomats, dignitaries and invited guests gathered to honour the rich heritage and modern achievements of the Sultanate of Oman, under the leadership of Sultan Hatham bin Tarik.
The Ambassador of Oman in Sri Lanka Ahamed Ali Said Al Rashdi delivered a gracious and heart-felt address reflecting on the deep-rooted ties between Sri Lanka and the Sultanate of Oman.
He spoke of the region’s shared maritime history, centuries of cultural exchanges and the growing partnerships that continue to strengthen bilateral friendships between Sri Lanka and with the Sultanate of Oman.
- Former Foreign Minister Al Sabry with other guests
- The Ambassador of Turkiye Semih Lutfu Turgot with Governor of Western province Hanif Yusuf
- Gracious welcome from the Ambassador of Oman, Ahamad Ali Said Al Rashid
The Ambassador also highlighted Oman’s progress under the visionary leadership of the Sultanate, celebrating the nation’s advances in economic and regional co-operation, values that align closely with Sri Lanka’s aspirations.
One of the evening’s best highlights was the culinary journey, specially curated to offer guests an authentic taste of Omani hospitality.
The buffet unfolded a tapestry of flavours, fragrant Omani biryani, slow cooked meats, grilled seafood and an array of vibrant desserts like delicacies especially Omani dates, offering a sweet finale while the aroma of Omani coffee lingered like a gentle cultural embrace.
It was an evening that did far more than celebrate a National Day. It unfolded as a journey into the soul of Oman, wrapped in sophistication and unforgettable charm.
The glamour of the evening was heightened by the graceful flow of distinguished guests in elegant allure, warm diplomatic exchanges and the subtle rhythm of traditional Omani melody.
Life style
Under a canopy of glamour
Rainco’s touch of couture
It was a dazzling evening that merged fashion, function and fine design, as Rainco Sri Lanka’s homegrown brand synonymous with quality and craftsmanship – unveiled its new umbrella collection ‘Be my Rainco’ at Cinnamon Life setting a new standard for stylish innovation.
This event graced by a distinguished guest list of fashion connoisseurs, influencers and design enthusiasts was more than a product launch. It was a celebration of form and artistry. The highlight of the evening was a fashion showcase curated by acclaimed designer Brian Kerkovan who brought his international flair to Rainco’s refined aesthetic. Models glided down the runaway carrying striking umbrellas, their balanced elegance and engineering transforming a daily essential into statement of luxury.
Bathed in soft lighting and accompanied by an evocative musical score, the ambience exuded sophistication. The collection crafted with meticulous attention in detail, featured bold silhouettes, luxe finished and innovative textures, echoing the brand’s philosophy of merging practicality with panache.
Speaking at the launch, Rainco’s General Manager marketing and innovation, Awarna Ventures (Ltd)Gayani Gunawardena said with pride his milestone collaboration, noting how the brand’s evolution from a household essential to a symbol of contemporary lifestyle.
The evening concluded with a toast to creativity – a fitting finale for a brand that continues to inspire confidence and styles ,rain or sunshine.
(ZC)
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