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Vietnamese billionaire Truong My Lan sentenced to death for $44bn fraud

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Truong My Lan is accused of looting one of Vietnam's largest banks over a period of 11 years (BBC)

It was the most spectacular trial ever held in Vietnam, befitting one of the greatest bank frauds the world has ever seen.

Behind the stately yellow portico of the colonial-era courthouse in Ho Chi Minh City, a 67-year-old Vietnamese property developer was sentenced to death on Thursday for looting one of the country’s largest banks over a period of 11 years.

It’s a rare verdict – she is one of very few women in Vietnam to be sentenced to death for a white collar crime.

The decision is a reflection of the dizzying scale of the fraud. Truong My Lan was convicted of taking out $44bn (£35bn) in loans from the Saigon Commercial Bank. The verdict requires her to return $27bn, a sum prosecutors said may never be recovered. Some believe the death penalty is the court’s way of putting pressure on her to help locate the missing billions.

The habitually secretive communist authorities were uncharacteristically forthright about this case, going into minute detail for the media. They said 2,700 people were summoned to testify, while 10 state prosecutors and around 200 lawyers were involved.

The evidence was in 104 boxes weighing a total of six tonnes. Eighty-five defendants were tried with Truong My Lan, who denied the charges.

“There has never been a show trial like this, I think, in the communist era,” says David Brown, a retired US state department official with long experience in Vietnam. “There has certainly been nothing on this scale.”

The trial was the most dramatic chapter so far in the “Blazing Furnaces” anti-corruption campaign led by the Communist Party Secretary-General, Nguyen Phu Trong.

A conservative ideologue steeped in Marxist theory, Nguyen Phu Trong believes that popular anger over untamed corruption poses an existential threat to the Communist Party’s monopoly on power. He began the campaign in earnest in 2016 after out-manoeuvring the then pro-business prime minister to retain the top job in the party.

Vietnam's Communist Party General Secretary Nguyen Phu Trong speaks to the media after a meeting with US President Joe Biden at the Communist Party of Vietnam Headquarters in Hanoi on September 10, 2023.

Communist Party General Secretary Nguyen Phu Trong is leading an anti-corruption campaign (BBC)

The campaign has seen two presidents and two deputy prime ministers forced to resign, and hundreds of officials disciplined or jailed. Now one of the country’s richest women has joined their ranks.

Truong My Lan comes from a Sino-Vietnamese family in Ho Chi Minh City, formerly Saigon. It has long been the commercial engine of the Vietnamese economy, dating well back to its days as the anti-communist capital of South Vietnam, with a large, ethnic Chinese community.

She started as a market stall vendor, selling cosmetics with her mother, but began buying land and property after the Communist Party ushered in a period of economic reform, known as Doi Moi, in 1986. By the 1990s, she owned a large portfolio of hotels and restaurants.

Although Vietnam is best known outside the country for its fast-growing manufacturing sector, as an alternative supply chain to China, most wealthy Vietnamese made their money developing and speculating in property.

All land is officially state-owned. Getting access to it often relies on personal relationships with state officials. Corruption escalated as the economy grew, and became endemic.

By 2011, Truong My Lan was a well-known business figure in Ho Chi Minh City, and she was allowed to arrange the merger of three smaller, cash-strapped banks into a larger entity: Saigon Commercial Bank.

Vietnamese law prohibits any individual from holding more than 5% of the shares in any bank. But prosecutors say that through hundreds of shell companies and people acting as her proxies, Truong My Lan actually owned more than 90% of Saigon Commercial.

They accused her of using that power to appoint her own people as managers, and then ordering them to approve hundreds of loans to the network of shell companies she controlled.

The amounts taken out are staggering. Her loans made up 93% of all the bank’s lending.

According to prosecutors, over a period of three years from February 2019, she ordered her driver to withdraw 108 trillion Vietnamese dong, more than $4bn (£2.3bn) in cash from the bank, and store it in her basement.

That much cash, even if all of it was in Vietnam’s largest denomination banknotes, would weigh two tonnes.

She was also accused of bribing generously to ensure her loans were never scrutinised. One of those who was tried used to be a chief inspector at the central bank, who was accused of accepting a $5m bribe.

The mass of officially sanctioned publicity about the case channeled public anger over corruption against Truong My Lan, whose haggard, unmade-up appearance in court was in stark contrast to the glamorous publicity photos people had seen of her in the past.

But questions are also being asked about why she was able to keep on with the alleged fraud for so long.

People relax on the bank of Saigon River in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam, on Sunday, February 25, 2024.

The trial took place in Ho Chi Minh City, where Saigon Commercial Bank was based (BBC)

“I am puzzled,” says Le Hong Hiep who runs the Vietnam Studies Programme at the ISEAS – Yusof Ishak Institute in Singapore. “Because it wasn’t a secret. It was well known in the market that Truong My Lan and her Van Thinh Phat group were using SCB as their own piggy bank to fund the mass acquisition of real estate in the most prime locations. “It was obvious that she had to get the money from somewhere. But then it is such a common practice. SCB is not the only bank that is used like this. So perhaps the government lost sight because there are so many similar cases in the market.”

David Brown believes she was protected by powerful figures who have dominated business and politics in Ho Chi Minh City for decades. And he sees a bigger factor in play in the way this trial is being run: a bid to reassert the authority of the Communist Party over the free-wheeling business culture of the south. “What Nguyen Phu Trong and his allies in the party are trying to do is to regain control of Saigon, or at least stop it from slipping away.

“Up until 2016 the party in Hanoi pretty much let this Sino-Vietnamese mafia run the place. They would make all the right noises that local communist leaders are supposed to make, but at the same time they were milking the city for a substantial cut of the money that was being made down there.”

At 79 years old, party chief Nguyen Phu Trong is in shaky health, and will almost certainly have to retire at the next Communist Party Congress in 2026, when new leaders will be chosen.

He has been one of the longest-serving and most consequential secretary-generals, restoring the authority of the party’s conservative wing to a level not seen since the reforms of the 1980s. He clearly does not want to risk permitting enough openness to undermine the party’s hold on political power.

But he is trapped in a contradiction. Under his leadership the party has set an ambitious goal of reaching rich country status by 2045, with a technology and knowledge-based economy. This is what is driving the ever-closer partnership with the United States.

Yet faster growth in Vietnam almost inevitably means more corruption. Fight corruption too much, and you risk extinguishing a lot of economic activity. Already there are complaints that bureaucracy has slowed down, as officials shy away from decisions which might implicate them in a corruption case.

“That’s the paradox,” says Le Hong Hiep. “Their growth model has been reliant on corrupt practices for so long. Corruption has been the grease that that kept the machinery working. If they stop the grease, things may not work any more.”

(BBC)



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Fuel market faces fresh pressure as Asian prices rise

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Sri Lanka – vulnerable to ‘oil price shocks’

By Ifham Nizam

Sri Lanka’s fuel market is coming under renewed pressure as the escalating West Asian conflict and disruption to key oil-shipping routes push up international crude and refined-fuel prices, with a top Ceylon Petroleum Corporation (CPC) official saying the Corporation is closely monitoring developments and the potential impact on domestic fuel costs.

A top CPC official said the sharp rise in international oil prices was being driven by the conflict and disruptions to energy infrastructure and shipping routes in the region.

The official said Sri Lanka’s exposure to the international price shock would also depend on the timing of fuel purchases, as petroleum cargoes are ordered well before they arrive in the country and the final landed cost is determined when the cargo is delivered.

The CPC is also seeking to cushion consumers from the full impact of international price increases while maintaining uninterrupted supplies, the official said.

The latest developments come as Brent crude remains above USD 100 a barrel despite a recent retreat in prices following efforts by Saudi Arabia to maintain exports through alternative routes.

Brent crude futures fell to USD 104.74 a barrel yesterday, while West Texas Intermediate was trading at USD 101.60, according to Reuters. Saudi Arabia has been offering additional crude cargoes to Asian refiners through Oman to offset disruptions caused by attacks on its East-West pipeline.

The immediate concern for Sri Lanka is the potential impact on the country’s petroleum import bill, foreign-exchange requirements and inflation.

Higher international crude and refined-product prices mean that more dollars are required to finance fuel imports, while higher domestic energy costs can feed into transportation, manufacturing, agriculture, fisheries and logistics.

The pressure is already being felt elsewhere in Asia.

Pakistan has raised petrol prices by Pakistani Rs. 4.42 a litre and high-speed diesel by Rs. 6.10, taking the prices to Rs. 380.24 and Rs. 409.42 respectively. The latest increase is reported to be the sixth consecutive fuel price increase in the country.

The Philippines has also raised fuel prices, with petrol increasing by 5.68 Philippine pesos a litre, diesel by 4.31 pesos and kerosene by 4.62 pesos for the latest pricing period.

The developments provide an indication of how quickly international energy-market disruptions can feed into domestic fuel markets across fuel-importing Asian economies.

For Sri Lanka, the issue is particularly significant because petroleum remains a major component of the country’s import bill. The CPC’s current prices stand at Rs. 399 a litre for 92-octane petrol and Rs. 382 for auto diesel, according to the Corporation’s latest published prices.

The government is meanwhile facing pressure to balance consumer protection with the financial sustainability of fuel suppliers.

The Energy Minister has said several options are being considered, including fuel subsidies, price limits for private distributors and adjustments to retail prices. Private operators have reported substantial losses on diesel under prevailing prices, while the CPC has said it is currently absorbing losses on diesel through earnings from other petroleum operations.

A prolonged international oil-price shock could therefore have consequences extending well beyond the pump.

Higher fuel costs would raise operating expenses for transport-dependent businesses and could increase the cost of moving goods throughout the economy. For manufacturers and exporters, higher energy and logistics costs could also affect margins and competitiveness.

At the macroeconomic level, a sustained increase in petroleum prices could increase Sri Lanka’s foreign-exchange requirements and place additional pressure on the trade balance and inflation.

The international oil market, however, remains highly fluid. Saudi Arabia’s efforts to redirect crude exports through Oman have eased some immediate supply concerns, while expectations that its damaged East-West pipeline could return to operation within days have also helped push crude prices lower.

But shipping through the Strait of Hormuz remains severely disrupted and the wider conflict continues to pose risks to crude and refined-product supplies.

For Sri Lanka, the coming weeks will therefore be closely watched by fuel suppliers, importers and businesses as the country assesses whether the current international price shock proves temporary or develops into a more prolonged increase in the cost of energy.

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NSB felicitates the performance and commitment of Grade 5 students

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The student, who obtained the highest marks in the Sinhala medium, at the Grade 5 Scholarship Examination – 2026, was felicitated by the National Savings Bank (NSB), recently, at the NSB Head Office, under the Hapan Pranama Scholarship Program -2026, organized by the Bank.

The Chairman of the Bank, Dr. Harsha Cabral PC, the Actg. General Manager/CEO, Rohana Bandara Weerakoon and the Corporate Management were present at the occasion.

Danoj Theekshana Weerasekara, a student of Ahatuwewa Model Primary School in Kurunegala District, has won the first place in Sinhala Medium at Grade 5 Scholarship Examination this year, with 193 marks. His remarkable achievement reflects not only his personal talents, but also the commitment of his family members, guidance of his teachers and support of the entire school community, who came together to make his triumph a reality.

The National Savings Bank, while complimenting his achievement, wishes him good luck, strength and courage for his future academic endeavors.

Being always committed towards realizing the educational goals of the children of the country, NSB organizes a seminar series, well in advance of the Examination, every year, to support them in preparation for the exam. The Bank has been able to hold more than 100 seminars islandwide this year as well.

Through these seminars, it is expected to provide the students with knowledge, guidance and mental strength, required to be successful at the Examination and the Bank has joined hands with them at an important juncture of their lives, assuring support and strength to face the exam with confidence. (NSB)

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CSE receives ‘Great Place to Work’ for five consecutive years

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Members of CSE, CDS & CSE Clear gathered to commemorate the accolade

The Colombo Stock Exchange (CSE) has received the ‘Great Place to Work’ Certification’ for the 5th consecutive year in a row. Since 2022 the bourse has been continually awarded the certification in recognition of its commitment to providing a welcome, inclusive and safe environment.

“At CSE, our people remain our greatest strength.” remarked Rajeeva Bandaranaike, CEO of the CSE “Receiving the Great Place to Work Certification for the fifth consecutive year is a meaningful recognition of our commitment to creating a workplace culture founded on trust, respect, and collaboration. It is an achievement shared by every member of the CSE team and reflects the passion, commitment, and teamwork that continue to drive our success.”

The certification was awarded by Great Place to Work®, a global organization that grants this recognition across more than 180 countries and regions and represents over 20 million employees and 22,000 companies worldwide. The certification was based on the results of an anonymous, company-wide survey that evaluated workplace culture across five key dimensions: credibility, respect, fairness, pride, and camaraderie.

The certification reaffirms CSE’s commitment to its foundational values of Professionalism, Integrity, Care, Teamwork, Passion and Agility. By championing equity and inclusion, the CSE has built a welcoming, discrimination-free culture where every individual can thrive. A cornerstone of this success is CSE’s leadership in workplace diversity as an equal opportunity employer and signatory to the UN Women’s Empowerment Principles, alongside its close collaboration with the UN Global Compact and Respectful Workplaces initiatives. Additionally, the exchange fosters dynamic young talent, with early-career professionals accounting for 57% of its workforce.

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