Business
VAT hike in Sri Lanka: Who really pays the price?
The recent VAT revisions have hit the poorest the hardest, whereas the bottom 10% of income group households now spend about 10% of their income on VAT.
The VAT burden has risen by approximately 50%, primarily due to theremoval of VAT exemptions on around 100 items. This blog offers potential solutions for easing the VAT burden in Sri Lanka.
Priyanka Jayawardena is a Research Economist at IPS with research interests in skills and education, demographics, health, and labour markets. Priyanka has around 15 years of research experience at IPS. She has worked as a consultant to international organisations including World Bank, ADB and UNICEF. She holds a BSc (Hons) specialised in Statistics and an MA in Economics, both from the University of Colombo. (Talk with Priyanka – priyanka@ips.lk)
By Priyanka Jayawardena
Earlier this year, Sri Lanka introduced major changes to the Value Added Tax (VAT) system. The VAT rate increased from 15% to 18%, and tax exemptions were removed for 97 items, including essential goods such as gas and stationery. While these revisions aimed to boost government revenue, they have also significantly increased the tax burden on low-income households, making life even more challenging for the most vulnerable during this ongoing crisis. This blog offers a comprehensive overview of the recent VAT revision and potential solutions for easing the VAT burden in Sri Lanka.
The Rise in VAT Burden
The VAT rate hike from 15% to 18% has translated into a 20% rise in VAT payments overall. A VAT simulation analysis based on Household Income and Expenditure Survey (HIES) 2019 data reveals that when combined with the removal of tax exemptions, the average VAT burden has increased by about 50%. However, this burden is not evenly distributed. The poorest 40% of households face an approximate 60% rise in VAT payments, while other income groups experience around a 50% increase.
Who Bears the Brunt of the VAT Revision?
The harshest impact of these VAT revisions has fallen on the lowest-income households. The bottom 10% of households now pay around 10% of their income as VAT, up from 6% under the previous VAT system (Figure 1). In comparison, other households spend about 6% of their income on VAT payments. This disproportionate impact is primarily due to the removal of tax exemptions on widely-use items, which are essential for all.

Indirect Taxes as a Share of Income
Source: Author’s calculations, based on HIES-2019 data from the DCS.
Removing VAT exemptions on 97 items out of the previously exempted 138 has made essential purchases more expensive. Low-income households typically allocate a greater portion of their budgets to essential items that were previously exempted from VAT but are now taxed. These include fuel, gas, telecommunication services, as well as various food products made from locally cultivated grains, locally produced coconut milk, and certain locally produced dairy products.
Comparing VAT with Other Indirect Taxes
VAT applies to a wide range of goods and services, affecting all consumers. However, its impact is regressive, taking a larger proportion of income from poorer households compared to richer ones (Figure 2). In contrast, excise taxes on products like alcohol and tobacco are less burdensome on lower-income groups. The top 20% of households contribute 43% of alcohol taxes and 44% of tobacco taxes, while the bottom 40% of households account for 19% of alcohol taxes and 14% of tobacco taxes. Additionally, VAT applies to basic commodities that everyone needs, whereas excise taxes apply to tobacco and alcohol, which are harmful products that contribute to non-communicable diseases (NCDs). In this sense, higher taxes on tobacco and alcohol act like an upfront investment in public health, helping to offset future healthcare costs.
What Can Be Done?
While the VAT hike was designed to stabilise Sri Lanka’s finances, it disproportionately affects vulnerable populations. This highlights the need for more balanced and fair fiscal policies. A more equitable approach would ensure that taxation doesn’t disproportionately affect those least able to afford it, preserving economic fairness during difficult times. Addressing the uneven impact of VAT requires exploring policy alternatives, such as reintroducing exemptions for essential goods if necessary. Increasing excise taxes on tobacco and alcohol is a favourable policy option. This could help create a more just system while reducing long-term healthcare expenses.
Business
Urgent joint action plan to tackle pollution in Lake Gregory
By Ifham Nizam
An urgent joint action plan is to be implemented to tackle the worsening water pollution threatening the environmental health and tourism value of Lake Gregory in Nuwara Eliya, following a special inspection and high-level discussion held yesterday.
The inspection and subsequent discussion were led by Deputy Minister of Environment Anton Jayakody, who stressed the need for immediate and coordinated intervention to address the emerging pollution problem before it causes further ecological damage to the iconic lake.
The meeting, held at the Nuwara Eliya District Secretariat, brought together Deputy Minister of Education Dr. Madhura Seneviratne, Chairman of the Nuwara Eliya District Coordinating Committee Manjula, District Secretary Nandana Jayakody, Secretary to the Ministry of Environment K. R. Uduwawala, the Central Environmental Authority’s District Director and senior officials representing the Irrigation Department, National Water Supply and Drainage Board and Urban Development Authority.
A key decision was to establish a special Management Committee comprising representatives of the Sri Lanka Navy, Central Environmental Authority, Nuwara Eliya Municipal Council and District Secretariat to formulate and implement an immediate action programme.
The committee is expected to identify practical short-term measures while accelerating longer-term interventions aimed at preventing pollutants from reaching the lake.
One of the immediate priorities will be the reactivation of the 13-pond natural treatment system, which was designed to naturally filter agricultural runoff and urban wastewater before such pollutants enter Lake Gregory.
Officials also discussed strengthening natural aeration and introducing natural filtration methods to tackle foul odours and improve the quality of the lake water.
Particular attention will be given to reducing nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations, which can contribute to excessive nutrient enrichment and deterioration of aquatic ecosystems.
The meeting further emphasised the urgent need to prevent wastewater from the Nuwara Eliya municipal sewerage network and other sources of waste from being discharged into the lake.
Long-term project proposals aimed at providing a sustainable solution to wastewater and pollution entering Lake Gregory will also be expedited.
The authorities recognised that protecting Gregory Lake is not merely an environmental obligation but is also critical to safeguarding Nuwara Eliya’s tourism economy. The lake remains one of the town’s most prominent attractions, drawing large numbers of domestic and foreign visitors.
The Government therefore intends to coordinate the efforts of all relevant institutions to implement both immediate remedial measures and long-term pollution-control projects.
The latest initiative comes amid growing concern over the condition of the lake, highlighting the need for a comprehensive approach that addresses pollution at its sources rather than relying solely on periodic clean-up operations.
Authorities said prompt implementation of the agreed measures would be essential to restore and protect the ecological health of Gregory Lake while preserving its scenic value and appeal as one of Nuwara Eliya’s major tourist attractions.
Business
Sri Lanka: An example of a country building a modern, resilient financial architecture
By SB Seker, Head of APAC, Binance
Sri Lanka’s economic rebound over the past four years is a testament to national resilience. The World Bank’s recent upgrade of Sri Lanka to an upper-middle-income economy, alongside significant improvements on the Global Peace Index, marks a definitive turning point. The nation has successfully moved past acute crisis management and is now laying the groundwork for long-term stability.
Sustained economic recovery requires more than traditional macroeconomic rebuilding, it demands a future-proof financial ecosystem. As commerce, capital flows, and consumer behavior increasingly digitize, governments worldwide are recognizing that emerging technologies cannot remain in a regulatory vacuum.
This is precisely why the Sri Lankan government’s recent decision to empower the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) as the official regulator for Virtual Assets and Virtual Asset Service Providers (VASPs) is a landmark policy move. Sri Lanka is signaling that it is serious about holistic financial modernization. Protecting retail investors from spurious platforms, encouraging accountability, and embracing structural reform are the hallmarks of an economy looking confidently toward a secure digital future.
For an island nation with an estimated 420,000 digital asset users – a population that is young, highly literate, and tech-savvy – establishing a clear regulatory perimeter is important. The absence of formal frameworks means retail participants may navigate unmonitored digital spaces without regulatory recourse, facing elevated risks from opaque operators and platforms lacking essential consumer safeguards. That gap is exactly where bad actors thrive. By bringing VASPs under structured oversight, aligned with robust Anti-Money Laundering (AML) standards, Sri Lanka is prioritizing market integrity and user protection.
Crucially, this regulatory clarity empowers everyday citizens. A functioning VASP framework closes it. Clear rules draw a bright line between deceptive actors and transparent, Tier-1 compliant platforms that adhere to rigorous standards. When compliance becomes the baseline, users gain access to critical transparency measures. Simple things like proof-of-reserves audits, independent confirmation that customer funds are actually there, stop being a nice-to-have and start being table stakes.
The legislation still has to be drafted and passed, and effective implementation will be the key part. Licensing timelines need to be realistic, compliance requirements need to make sense for both global exchanges and smaller local players, and the dialogue between regulators and industry needs to continue past the Cabinet approval. Get that right, and Sri Lanka won’t just have caught up with global standards, it will have shown other emerging economies a workable path for doing the same.
Business
Positive sentiments make a comeback to CSE in wake of peace deal news
By Hiran H. Senewiratne
CSE trading yesterday reflected positive sentiments due to reducing tensions in the West Asian region following Iran’s positive reactions to peace overtures.
The All Share Price Index went up by 43.21 points, while the S and P SL20 rose by 20.37 points.
Turnover stood at Rs 2.2 billion with three crossings. Those crossings were; Softlogic Capital 6.7 million shares crossed to the tune of Rs 73 million; its shares traded at Rs 11, HNB 176,000 shares crossed for Rs 67 million; its shares traded at Rs 380 and JKH 1 million shares crossed for Rs 20 million; its shares sold at Rs 19.70.
In the retail market companies that mainly contributed to the turnover were; WindForce Rs 495 million (12.7 million shares traded), Digital Mobility Solutions Rs 258 million (1.6 million shares traded), Sierra Cables Rs 246 million (6.9 million shares traded), Haycarb Rs 90 million (457,000 shares traded),Commercial Credit and Finance Rs 79 million (733,000 shares traded), HNB Rs 74 million (195,000 shares traded) and CCS Rs 57 million (548,000 shares traded). During the day 66.4 million share volumes changed hands in 17017 transactions.
It is said that the banking sector, especially HNB, and manufacturing sectors performed well, while the renewable energy sector, especially WindForce, traded well at the floor.
Meanwhile, Arcasia Investment & Trading and ATX Partners announced the conversion of their voluntary offer to a mandatory offer for Industrial Asphalts (Ceylon) under the Company Takeovers and Mergers Code.
The offers received acceptances totaling 1,880,693,010 shares (50.16% shareholding), including 48.03% from Ramanan Govindasamy and 2.13 percent from Srikumar Balasubramaniyam on August 24, 2026
Yesterday the rupee was quoted at Rs 328.00/05 to the US dollar in the spot market stronger from Rs 328.50/60 Tuesday, while bond yields were steady to lower on select tenors, dealers said.
-
Features6 days agoMy secondary schooling after Royal Primary
-
Features6 days agoFrom the First to the 22nd: A short history of Amendment Politics and Reform Frustrations
-
News4 days agoMissing doctor’s body found in Mahiyanganaya
-
Features6 days agoHow Shelton Kodikara became first Professor of International Relations
-
Features6 days agoHow St. John’s College Shaped Panadura for 150 Years
-
News4 days agoAustralia declines to release Finance Secy Suriyapperuma’s citizenship details
-
News6 days agoEx- Atamasthanadhipathi uses Magistrate’s gate to enter court
-
News4 days ago22A: BASL suggests CJ recuse himself from hearing petitions

Priyanka Jayawardena is a Research Economist at IPS with research interests in skills and education, demographics, health, and labour markets. Priyanka has around 15 years of research experience at IPS. She has worked as a consultant to international organisations including World Bank, ADB and UNICEF. She holds a BSc (Hons) specialised in Statistics and an MA in Economics, both from the University of Colombo. (Talk with Priyanka – priyanka@ips.lk)